206 research outputs found
Aprende inglés...sin barreras: un análisis crítico
Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de un comercial de televisión que ofrece un conocido método de enseñanza de idioma inglés: Inglés Sin Barreras (ISB). Se parte de la idea de que alrededor de una lengua se configura un imaginario vinculado a ideologías subyacentes a una ecología lingüística donde, se generan presiones que otorgan al inglés tanto un prestigio alto como el valor que lo convierte en un bien de consumo. Así, con base en el modelo de análisis crítico de discurso de Norman Fairclough (2001), se identificaron los recursos discursivos y persuasivos que componen este mensaje. En el análisis resaltan un lenguaje visual y verbal que aglutina dos figuras del discurso: 1) la herramienta, con la que se logra el éxito; y 2) el movimiento hacia una condición ideal de vida. En ambos casos, el objetivo implícito en el mensaje es la autorrealización, concepto que en este caso está en consonancia con valores del individualismo occidental. Esto mismo es lo que mantiene vigente la liga entre el idioma inglés y un “mundo moderno”, y lo que otorga a dicha lengua un valor en el mercado. ISB, se presenta así como una herramienta que promete a la audiencia no sólo la posibilidad de lograr una movilidad geográfica; también promete una movilidad simbólica al interior de los sectores modernizados del país; aquellos más cercanos económica y culturalmente al modelo occidental de civilización
Energy performance improvement and cultural enhancement of the Andalusian rural heritage: case study – “El Cortijo del Fraile”
The renovation of old cortijos, haciendas or lagares is a topical subject within the context of enhancing the Andalusian agrarian architecture. The abandonment of these unique farmhouses structures due to the industrialisation of the harvesting process has already drawn the administration’s attention to the importance of encouraging its maintenance. The Public Works and Housing Office and the Culture Office of the Andalusian Government, as well as local administrative bodies, have promoted its identification, examination and analysis to manage rehabilitation policies that facilitate the adaptation of these spaces of architectural heritage to new uses. This research paper gathers the methodology for the energy renovation of these constructions, enhancing their characteristic infrastructures and most significant assets. Various strategies support the traditional existing facilities of the “cortijos” inserting new technologies to supply the needs of the new programmes, optimizing the existing resources. Increasing rainwater collection surfaces and storage; improving the filtering and recycling methods to recycle rainwater, grey water and sewage; and increasing the effectiveness of solar and wind energy collection with new technologies that complement the old passive knowledge with updated designs or active systems. The main goal of this paper is to find strategies to extrapolate its application in similar cases among the Mediterranean European context. The application of this methodology in a case study shows the energy performance improvements proposed for the “Cortijo del Fraile”, located on the southeast of Nijar (Almería), inside the Natural Park of “Cabo de Gata-Nijar”
Medication persistence over 2 years of follow-up in a cohort of early rheumatoid arthritis patients: associated factors and relationship with disease activity and with disability
Propuesta de estrategias de evaluación formativa en contexto de pandemia dirigido a profesores de primer ciclo básico
70 p.El presente trabajo de graduación recolecta información sobre de la necesidad que presentan los docentes con respecto a la evaluación formativa durante la crisis sanitaria. El objetivo era diseñar una propuesta de estrategias evaluativas formativas en contexto de pandemia, dirigido a profesores de primer ciclo del colegio Leonardo da Vinci de la ciudad de San Javier, Región del Maule. La investigación es de carácter cualitativa, considerando que la recopilación de datos no numéricos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para sustentar el estudio y para elaborar un entrevista semiestructurada, de tal forma de tener un levantamiento de información y validación del instrumento aplicado. Una vez realizada la recolección de la información se hizo un análisis de su contenido. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, cabe mencionar que existen dificultades que afectan la implementación de la evaluación formativa en el contexto de pandemia, asociada a diversos factores: conectividad, innovación en evaluación formativa, contención socioemocional, dominio de instrumentos de E.F, confusión conceptual, responsabilidad profesional, ausencia de capacitación docente y trabajo colaborativo
Approaching to a student teacher’s specialised knowledge from a narrative
Utilizaremos el modelo analítico del Conocimiento Especializado del Profesor de Matemáticas
para el análisis de una narrativa de una estudiante para Maestro. Comenzamos con una breve
explicación del origen del modelo y de la finalidad con que se construyó, que permitirá comprender
sus potencialidades y limitaciones, especialmente al aplicarlo al análisis de una narrativa. A
continuación, haremos una presentación general de sus subdominios, utilizando ejemplos
relacionados con la temática de fondo de la narrativa para una mejor comprensión en el análisis
posterior. Este análisis mostrará evidencias del conocimiento de Rosa y de las relaciones entre los
distintos subdominios de MTSK, así como indicios y oportunidades para profundizar en su
conocimiento. Terminaremos reflexionando sobre la comprensión del conocimiento de Rosa que
nos permite el modelo, donde los algoritmos convencionales de la resta parecen ocupar un lugar
central.We will use the analytical model of Mathematics’ Teacher Specialized Knowledge Mathematics
(MTSK) for the analysis of a narrative of a prospective teacher. We begin with a brief explanation
of the origin of the model and the purpose for which it was built, which will allow understanding its
possibilities and limitations, especially when applying it to the analysis of a narrative. Next, we will
make a general presentation of their subdomains, using examples related to the background topic of
the narrative to achieve a better understanding in the later analysis. This analysis will show
evidence of Rosa's knowledge and the relationships between the different subdomains of MTSK, but
also indications and opportunities. We will end up reflecting on the understanding of Rosa's
knowledge that the model allows us, where the conventional algorithms of subtraction seems to
have a central role
Utilización de la densidad de incidencia, en la valoración de faciores de riesgo de la infección nosocomial
ResumenEn la literatura se han propuesto las medidas de densidad de incidencia para la valoración de la infección nosocomial. A través de una cohorte retrospectiva de 843 pacientes se realiza una comparación entre la razón de densidades de incidencia (RDI) y el cociente de incidencias acumuladas o riesgo relativo (RR) en la cuantificación de factores de riesgo de la infección hospitalaria. Las variables que se analizaron fueron la intervención quirúrgica, su duración, el tipo de cirugía, la gravedad de la enfermedad subyacente y la edad. En todas las situaciones la RDI fue inferior al RR, al eliminar la prolongación de estancia producida por los distintos factores de riesgo. Ejemplos de ello fueron el que la RDI para la operación fue de 2,78, mientras que el RR ofreció valores de 6,46, o en la edad, donde los mayores de 60 años presentaron un RR significativo de 1,67, mientras que la RDI fue de 0,96. Esto sugiere que el empleo de la RDI facilitaría la comparabilidad de los resultados entre diferentes centros en la cuantificación de factores de riesgo para la infección nosocomial, aparte de cuantificar con más exactitud los distintos factores de riesgo, lo que tiene importancia a la hora de establecer las medidas de control.SummarySeveral authors have suggested that incidence density should be used in studying nosocomial infection. We assess several risk factors for hospital infection by two ratios, the incidence density ratio (IDR) and the relative risk (RR), in an historical cohort of 843 patients. The variables analyzed were: operation, its length, type of surgical wound, severity of underlying disease, and age. The IDR figures were always lower than those yielded by the RR. For example, the IDR for operated patients was 2.78, whereas RR yielded a figure of 6.46, or the IDR for patients >60 years old was 0.96, whereas the RR achieved a significant value of 1.67. This suggests that the use of IDR lo analyze risk factors for nosocomial infection improves comparability of results obtained in different hospital settings. Also, it may allow a more exact quantification of an effect. These facts influence implementation of nosocomial infection control measures
Professor, qual é o maior número que existe? Transcendendo o currículo na exploração do conhecimento especializado do professor
Este artículo muestra una aproximación al conocimiento profesional del profesor de matemáticas en situaciones relacionadas con contextos escolares de Primaria y Secundaria en la que la propia situación exige movilizar conocimiento relativo a elementos no presentes en el currículo de la etapa, en particular, relativo al concepto de infinito. Para ello, a través del potencial analítico que brinda el modelo de Conocimiento Especializado del Profesor de Matemáticas, se ponen de relieve la complejidad, coherencia y multidimensionalidad del conocimiento de dos profesores gestionando situaciones en las que este concepto adopta un papel relevante.This paper shows an approach to the professional knowledge of mathematics teachers in school-related situations in the context of Primary and Secondary school. In these situations, the use of knowledge of some mathematical elements that are not present in the syllabus is required, in particular, the notion of infinity. Through the analytical potential of the Mathematics Teacher’s Specialized Knowledge Model, we highlight the complexity, coherence and multidimensionality of the knowledge of two teachers when dealing with situations in which infinity has a relevant role.Cet article montre une approche de la connaissance professionnelle de l'enseignant de mathématiques dans des situations liées aux contextes primaires et secondaires où la situation elle-même nécessite de mobiliser des connaissances liées à des éléments non présents dans le programme de la scène, en particulier l’infini. Pour cela, à travers le potentiel analytique du Modèle de Connaissances Spécialisées du Professeur de Mathématiques, la complexité, cohérence et multidimensionnalité des connaissances de deux professeurs sont mises en évidence en gérant situations dans lesquelles ce concept adopte un rôle pertinent.Este texto mostra uma aproximação ao conhecimento do professor de matemática em situações relacionadas com contextos escolares da Educação Básica e do Ensino Secundário em que a própria situação exige mobilizar conhecimentos relativos a elementos que não fazem parte do currículo da etapa específica, em particular o conceito de infinito. Com esse intuito, através do potencial analítico que nos oferece o modelo do Conhecimento Especializado do Professor de Matemática, salientam-se a complexidade, coerência e multidimensionalidade do conhecimento do professor na gestão de situações em que este conceito assume um papel central
Pidotimod for Covid-19
Covid-19 was the third leading cause of death in all of 2020, but in December 2020 and the beginning of 2021, the disease suddenly spiked and briefly became the number one cause of death in the United States (u.s.), particularly among those aged 35 years or older even though as of June 30, 2021, about 66% of adults in the u.s. have received at least one Covid-19 vaccine dose. At present, there is no drug to treat Covid-19 that can reduce the morbidity and mortality significantly, which has brought great panic to the society and scientific community. Antiviral agents and immune-modulating treatments are currently being trialed. Searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Academic, LitCovid, and MedRxiv for studies published from the beginning of 2000 through April 2021 that tested the clinical uses of pidotimod. Articles were selected prioritizing randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines. Research results showed that Immunotherapy proved to be an effective method for fighting against similar viral infections to Covid-19 such as sars-cov, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov). studies aimed to dilucidated the mechanism of action of pidotimod, as well as randomized clinical trials that evaluate the security and utility of the drug are needed. In this scenario, the administration of Pidotimod could represent a potentially innovative strategy. In conclusion, in patients with Covid-19 without pneumonia, pidotimod could be considered an option, well-tolerated, and associated with a rapid reduction of systemic symptoms of the diseas
Squamous cell carcinoma related with dental implants. A clinical cases report
One third of all cases of head and neck carcinoma (CA) concern the oral mucosa. The use of dental implants (DI) for dental rehabilitation is widely extended. However, a few studies have reported some cases with neoplasic alterations, among the tissue surrounding implants. Our aim was to analyze possible alterations at the bone-implant interface in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), providing new evidence that could relate or discard a possible link between these factors. We used, for the first time, different techniques, including electron microscopy and histology, to analyze the implant ´s surface and the surrounding tissue from four clinical cases with neoplasic alterations surrounding DI. Histologically, ample inflammatory tissue was found in direct contact with the implant surface. Surface analysis of this tissue, revealed titanium percentages. According to our study, no oncological relation with deterioration of the implant surface was found, although DI were constantly related with peri-implantitis, a chronic trauma of the oral mucosa that could involve a neoplastic factor
Seismic structure of the north-central Chilean convergent margin: Subduction erosion of a paleomagmatic arc
We study the erosive convergent margin of north-central Chile (at similar to 31 degrees S) by using high-resolution bathymetric, wide-angle refraction, and multichannel seismic reflection data to derive a detailed tomographic 2-D velocity-depth model. In the overriding plate, our velocity model shows that the lowermost crustal velocities beneath the upper continental slope are 6.0-6.5km/s, which are interpreted as the continental basement composed by characteristic metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Coastal Cordillera. Beneath the lower and middle continental slope, however, the presence of a zone of reduced velocities (3.5-5.0km/s) is interpreted as the outermost fore arc composed of volcanic rocks hydrofractured as a result of frontal and basal erosion. At the landward edge of the outermost fore arc, the bathymetric and seismic data provide evidence for the presence of a prominent trenchward dipping normal scarp (similar to 1km offset), which overlies a strong lateral velocity contrast from similar to 5.0 to similar to 6.0km/s. This pronounced velocity contrast propagates deep into the continental crust, and it resembles a major normal listric fault. We interpret this seismic discontinuity as the volcanic-continental basement contact of the submerged Coastal Cordillera characterized by a gravitational collapse of the outermost fore arc. Subduction erosion has, most likely, caused large-scale crustal thinning and long-term subsidence of the outermost fore arc
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