The particularities of the calculation and of the cost reduction in lignite production

In the market economy, the entities are, in an objective way, obliged to be preoccupied with the reduction of costs, taking into consideration the relationship of independence and indirect proportionality between the level of production costs and profit. The laws of competition oblige to the limitation of the waste channels, to the introduction of performant tehnological and tehnical solutions, to the systematic development of the work productivity. Because of this, we appreciated that is advisable that also in the extraction of lignite, we should determine a correct production cost, according to which should be possible the identification of the cost optimization possibilities. On the other hand, the effective cost of the lignite has a major importance because it represents the price which is registered in the accountancy, and, at the same time, through its size, concreted in stocks, it influences the total of the circulant actives and the net active, and the financial result of the exercise. These aspects can be arguments for the option of approaching this work’s theme, in which there are analised the following problems: the general structure and the particularities of the production cost in lignite extraction and the directions for the minimization of the effective production cost, including for the applying of the standard-cost method.lignite stocks, production costs, actual cost, standard cost, cost reduction.

POSSIBILITIES OF INITIAL ESTIMATION AND FURTHER VALIDATION OF INSIDE CONTROL RISK

The approach option of the theme of this essay had in mind the distinguished importance of the objective of inside control regarding the segmentation with maximum exigency of the risks which can disadvantageously influence the fulfillment of the entity objectives. We considered essential the use of adequate procedures regarding the estimation and documentary validation of inside control risk. Regarding the initial estimation we analyzed the phases that are justified to be followed (four) and the proper steps which are followed (ten), starting with the assessment of audit objectives on types of operations and ending with reporting to the competent institutions. Regarding initial risk validation we examined the subsequent circumstances of this operation which are influencing the forecasted risk level, like: adjourning of control mechanisms applications, the apparition of new legal procedures, the alterations of the entity’s politics, etc.critical; inside control, initial risk estimation, subsequent risk validation, risk estimation procedure.

Echogenic Content in the Fetal Gallbladder: Systematic Review of Ultrasound Features and Clinical Outcome

It is rare to detect echogenic content in the fetal gallbladder. The etiology, natural course, and prognosis of this condition remain unclear. In addition to providing a systematic review of this topic, we suggest a plan for patient follow-up. From a total of 100 database entries identified in PubMed, EMBASE, and ICTRP reviews, we selected 34 studies in which we investigated the ultrasound features and outcome of this condition. There were 226 fetuses with gallbladder echogenic content identified. Seventy-two fetuses were found to have biliary sludge; thirty cases had a single hyperechogenic focus, and one hundred fetuses had multiple foci in the gallbladder. There were 16 cases of distal shadowing, 37 fetuses with comet tail and twinkling, and 26 cases with no acoustic artifacts. Nine cases of spontaneous resolution before birth have been documented; nine fetuses exhibited no echogenic content at birth, and 138 cases of resolution of echogenic content within the first year of life have been described. Typically, the condition resolves spontaneously during the postnatal period. After adequately reassuring the parents, the patients should be monitored for spontaneous resolution; medical or surgical intervention is not indicated. Asymptomatic patients can be managed with a wait-and-see strategy

Fetal Ovarian Cysts: Prenatal Diagnosis Using Ultrasound and MRI, Management and Postnatal Outcome—Our Centers Experience

The present study provides our clinical experience regarding the imaging diagnosis, management and postnatal outcome of neonates prenatally suspected of having developed ovarian cysts. This multicenter observational study included patients diagnosed prenatally with fetal ovarian cysts and follow-up in the postnatal period. Descriptive statistics were used to render the information regarding the prenatal imaging aspect of the fetal pelvic masses using ultrasound and/or MRI, prenatal surveillance and postnatal neonate’s immediate outcome, indications leading to surgery and pathologic aspect. The inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 21 patients. The mean gestational age at the time of initial diagnosis was 31.28 weeks of gestation (WG). Only five out of 21 cysts regressed completely during pregnancy without postnatal complications. In addition, 11 out of 21 infant’s required surgical treatment in the first two weeks after birth, mainly for ovarian torsion. Five out of 21 neonates were referred to postnatal follow-up clinically and by ultrasound, but three out of five cases required emergency surgical treatment for acute complications. Ultrasound plays a major role in the diagnostic of fetal ovarian cyst. From our experience, MRI does not bring supplementary data or change the management. Spontaneous resolution of fetal ovarian cysts is to be expected but the ovarian mass could lead to serious complications, if resolution does not occur in due time

Neonatal Hemochromatosis: Systematic Review of Prenatal Ultrasound Findings—Is There a Place for MRI in the Diagnostic Process?

Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is an uncommon, severe disorder that results in fetal loss or neonatal death due to liver failure. NH is currently regarded as the phenotypic expression of gestational alloimmune liver disease (GALD). The diagnosis of NH-GALD is rarely prenatally established. In addition to providing a systematic review of the prenatal features that are identifiable using ultrasound (US) and MRI, we suggest a prenatal diagnosis algorithm for use in suspected NH during the first affected pregnancy. From a total of 586 database entries identified in PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, we selected 18 studies published from 1993 to 2021 that reported maternal medical and obstetric history, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postpartum outcomes. We investigated the ultrasound and MRI features of these studies, along with the outcome due to this condition. A total of 74 cases were identified. The main reported prenatal US finding was fetal growth restriction (FGR) (33%), followed by oligohydramnios (13%) and hydrops fetalis (13%), with 13% cases described as uneventful. Other rare prenatal findings were fetal anemia, ascites, and abnormal fetal liver and spleen. Most pregnancies ended with fetal/perinatal death or therapeutic interruption of pregnancy. Favorable evolution with treatment (ensanguine transfusion and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)) was reported for only 7% of fetuses. Using T2-weighted MRI, fetal extrahepatic siderosis confirmed prenatally in two cases and postnatally in 11 cases. IVIG treatment throughout subsequent pregnancies was found to significantly improve fetal prognosis. MRI should be indicated in selected cases of oligohydramnios, fetal hydrops, fetal hepatomegaly, ascites, or unexplained FGR or anemia after ruling out all other more frequently encountered conditions. MRI can be used to detect iron overload in the liver and extrahepatic siderosis

Model Systems for Evidencing the Mediator Role of Riboflavin in the UVA Cross-Linking Treatment of Keratoconus

Riboflavin under UVA radiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce various changes in biological systems. Under controlled conditions, these processes can be used in some treatments for ocular or dermal diseases. For instance, corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment of keratoconus involves UVA irradiation combined with riboflavin aiming to induce the formation of new collagen fibrils in cornea. To reduce the damaging effect of ROS formed in the presence of riboflavin and UVA, the CXL treatment is performed with the addition of polysaccharides (dextran). Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide that can be found in the aqueous layer of the tear film. In many cases, keratoconus patients also present dry eye syndrome that can be reduced by the application of topical solutions containing hyaluronic acid. This study presents physico-chemical evidence on the effect of riboflavin on collagen fibril formation revealed by the following methods: differential scanning microcalorimetry, rheology, and STEM images. The collagen used was extracted from calf skin that contains type I collagen similar to that found in the eye. Spin trapping experiments on collagen/hyaluronic acid/riboflavin solutions evidenced the formation of ROS species by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements

SINFONIA DA CAMERA, OP. 33 : pour douze instruments ; DIXTUOR EN RE MAJEUR, OP. 14 : pour instruments à vents / Georges ENESCO ; Valentin GHEORGHIU, piano - Stefan GHEORGHIU, violon - Gheorghe POPOVICI, alto - Radu ALDULESCO, violoncelle - Virgil DAMASCHIN contrebasse - Alexandru NICOLAE, flûte - Ion DANIE, Pavel TORNEA - cor Octavian POPA, clarinette - Emil BICLEA, basson - Ion BADANCIU, cor - Liviu OBREJA, trompette - Mihai TEODORESCO, flûte - Const. ILLUTA, hautbois - Const. UNGUREANU, clarinette - Const. CERNAIANU, clarinette - Gheorghe POPA, basson - Paul STAICO, cor dirigés par Constantin SILVESTRI

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