Phase transition in the bounded one-dimensional multitrap system

We have previously discussed the diffusion limited problem of the bounded one-dimensional multitrap system where no external fiel is included and pay special attention to the transmission of the diffusing particles through the system of imperfect traps. We discuss here the case in which an external field is included to each trap and find not only the transmission but also the energy associated with the diffusing particles in the presence and absence of such fields. From the energy we find the specific heat $C_h$ and show that for certain values of the parameters associated with the multitrap system it behaves in a manner which is suggestive of phase transition. Moreover, this phase transition is demonstrated not only through the conventional single peak at which the specific heat function is undifferentiable but also through the less frequent phenomenon of double peaks.Comment: 25 pages, 6 PS Figures, there have been introduced many changes including the remove of two figure

Review. Rheological properties of biological materials

Eucaryotic cells and biological materials are described from a rheological point of view. Single cell properties give rise to typical microrheological properties which can affect cell behaviour, in close connection with their adhesion properties. Single cell properties are also important in the context of multicellular systems, i.e. in biological tissues. Results from experiments are analyzed and models proposed both at the cellular scale and the macroscopic scale. Key words: Rheology, tissues, cell mechanics, viscoelastic 1