Do we all perceive food-related wellbeing in the same way? : results from a cross-cultural

Interest in measuring consumers' perceived wellbeing in a food-related context has been growing. Understanding how foods influence consumers' perceived wellbeing can contribute to better understand eating patterns. Culture is expected to largely influence how consumers perceive food-related wellbeing. People in different cultures have different values and are exposed to different socio-economic contexts, which make them likely to consider different criteria when evaluating food-related wellbeing. In this context, the present work aimed at investigating cross-cultural differences in perceived wellbeing of food products using a new scale. A web-based study was carried with 1332 participants in seven countries: Brazil, China, France, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay and USA. A new scale to measure wellbeing in a food-related context was constructed considering results from previous studies and other wellbeing scales. The scale contained 31 statements related to six main dimensions (general, emotional, intellectual, physical, social and spiritual). Six out of nine food concepts (apple, beef, beer, broccoli, chocolate cake, coffee, fish, French fries and milk) were presented to participants following an incomplete balanced design. For each of the concepts participants rated their degree of agreement with the 31 statements using a 7-point scale. The scores of the 31 items of the scale were significantly affected by country and food concept, as well as their interaction. Using factor analysis, the items were grouped into four main factors related to physical, intellectual and emotional aspects of food consumption. The items related to physical aspects showed the greatest differences among products, followed by those related to the intellectual aspects. Average scores of the food concepts in the four factors differed among countries. The largest differences were found for the two emotional related factors. These results provide insight on how consumers perceive different dimensions of wellbeing and stress the influence of cultural differences on the conceptualization of this construct

Prevalence of Multi-Resistant Microorganisms and Antibiotic Stewardship among Hospitalized Patients Living in Residential Care Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem. Patients living in care homes are a vulnerable high-risk population colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). We identified a case series of 116 residents of care homes from a cohort of 540 consecutive patients admitted to the internal medicine service of our hospital. We performed early diagnostic tests of MDRO through anal exudates in our sample. The prevalence of MDRO colonization was 34.5% of residents and 70% of them had not been previously identified in the clinical records. Previous hospitalizations and in-hospital antibiotic administration were significantly associated with the presence of MDRO. Our results emphasize the need to consider care homes in the planning of regional and national infection control measures and for implementing surveillance systems that monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Spain. Systematic early testing upon admission to hospital services with a high prevalence of patients with MDRO colonization (e.g., internal medicine) could contribute to the adoption of adequate prevention measures. Specific educational programs for care home staff should also be implemented to address this increasing problem.Catedra de Docencia e Investigacion SEMERGEN-Medicina de Familia, University of Granada, Spai

Determinación de los criterios de percepción de calidad y estudio de la aceptación del pescado de crianza por parte de los consumidores

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Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance radiotherapy-induced cell death in tumor and metastatic tumor foci

We have recently shown that radiotherapy may not only be a successful local and regional treatment but, when combined with MSCs, may also be a novel systemic cancer therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role of exosomes derived from irradiated MSCs in the delay of tumor growth and metastasis after treatment with MSC + radiotherapy (RT). The tumor cell loss rates found after treatment with the combination of MSC and RT and for exclusive RT, were: 44.4% % and 12,1%, respectively. Concomitant and adjuvant use of RT and MSC, increased the mice surviving time 22,5% in this group, with regard to the group of mice treated with exclusive RT and in a 45,3% respect control group. Moreover, the number of metastatic foci found in the internal organs of the mice treated with MSC + RT was 60% less than the mice group treated with RT alone. We reasoned that the exosome secreted by the MSC, could be implicated in tumor growth delay and metastasis control after treatment. Our results show that exosomes derived form MSCs, combined with radiotherapy, are determinant in the enhancement of radiation effects observed in the control of metastatic spread of melanoma cells and suggest that exosome-derived factors could be involved in the bystander, and abscopal effects found after treatment of the tumors with RT plus MSC. Radiotherapy itself may not be systemic, although it might contribute to a systemic effect when used in combination with mesenchymal stem cells owing the ability of irradiated MSCs-derived exosomes to increase the control of tumor growth and metastasis.This work was supported by CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil, Junta de Andalucía, project of Excellence from Junta de Andalucía P12-CTS-383 to FJO, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness SAF2015-70520-R to FJO and JMRdA, RTICC RD12/0036/0026 and CIBER Cáncer ISCIII CB16/12/00421 to FJO

Remission of obesity and insulin resistance is not sufficient to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in visceral adipose tissue

Metabolic plasticity is the ability of a biological system to adapt its metabolic phenotype to different environmental stressors. We used a whole-body and tissue-specific phenotypic, functional, proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to systematically assess metabolic plasticity in diet-induced obese mice after a combined nutritional and exercise intervention. Although most obesity and overnutrition-related pathological features were successfully reverted, we observed a high degree of metabolic dysfunction in visceral white adipose tissue, characterized by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and functionality. Despite two sequential therapeutic interventions and an apparent global healthy phenotype, obesity triggered a cascade of events in visceral adipose tissue progressing from mitochondrial metabolic and proteostatic alterations to widespread cellular stress, which compromises its biosynthetic and recycling capacity. In humans, weight loss after bariatric surgery showed a transcriptional signature in visceral adipose tissue similar to our mouse model of obesity reversion. Overall, our data indicate that obesity prompts a lasting metabolic fingerprint that leads to a progressive breakdown of metabolic plasticity in visceral adipose tissue

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Differences in proximal and fatty acid profiles, sensory characteristics, texture, colour and muscle cellularity between wild and farmed blackspot seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo)

In order to determine the differences betweenwild and farmed blackspot seabream, a promising finfish species for aquaculture, some parameters affecting quality were evaluated, such as proximal and fatty acid profiles, texture, skin andmuscle colours andmuscle cellularity, along with an extensive sensory assessment. Proximal composition showed a higher fat proportion in the farmed groupwhilst higher collagen contentwas found in the wild group. The fatty acid profile of the farmed group showed important values of EPA and total n−3HUFA. Sensory evaluation registered changes in all tested features, especially seafood attributes linked to wild fish and fish oil attributes associated with the farmed group. Texture studies were focused on whole fish and on fillets, both raw and cooked. Raw wild fish fillet showed higher values for hardness and fracturability than farmed fillet. Cooked farm fish fillet rendered higher springiness values than those observed in the wild group. Significant variations were determined in colour studies with a higher lightness (L*) and redness (a*) on the skin of the wild fish and a higher hue than farmed fish. The analysis of fibre type showed that red muscle area was extensive in farmed fish in the cranial,medial and caudal areas. Additionally, the fibremorphology of the redmuscle of wild fish showed a greater amount of smaller fibres than that observed in farmed specimens in the three studied areas. The fibres with smaller girth on white muscle were only found in the cranial section of the wild fish.En prens

Formação de Professores: O Projeto “Bolsa Mestrado” em Discussão - : http://dx.doi.org/10.15603/1982-8993/ml.v1n2p183-205

The article presents results of the investigation carried out in the sense of questioning the real potential (or not) of a qualifying action for the members of the teaching staff of the General Educational Office of São Paulo, of professional specialization, of continuing studies in Post-graduation Programs, recognized by CAPES (Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), objectifying the improvement of the public education of São Paulo, considering the project named "Master Scholarship." In the perspective of the accumulated knowledge in respect to the relations between researching and teaching (André, 2004 and 2007; Ludke, 2001; Santos, 2001), questioning the senses and meanings given by teachers members of the Project, to their self process lived in the Program for Post - Graduation Stricto Sensu, in a Master's degree. Considering the results from the interviews carried out with professionals of the state public network of education, contemplated with the Masters Scholarship, in fact, it has represented an important achievement in terms of personal/professional qualification. However, the monitoring of such professionals in the quotidian of their work, whether in the classroom or in the management of policies, has not been charactering as a consistent action to enhance the work of these professionals, so that the "Masters Scholarship" shall not be more like an opportunity to exit the classroom and, indeed, as the prospect of a better performance in teaching or in the management of public education.El artículo presenta resultados de las investigaciones realizadas con la intención de cuestionar las posibilidades reales (o no) de una acción formativa para los integrantes del cuadro del magisterio de la Secretaria de Estado da Educación de São Paulo, de especialización profesional, de continuidad de estudios en Programas de Pos-Graduación, reconocidos por CAPES, visando la mejoría de la enseñanza pública paulista, considerando el nombrado Proyecto "Beca Maestría". Bajo la perspectiva del conocimiento acumulado respecto a las relaciones entre pesquisa y decencia (André, 2004 y 2007; Ludke, 2001; Santos, 2001) cuestionamos los sentidos y significados atribuidos, por profesores integrantes del Proyecto, al propio proceso vivido en un Programa de Pos-Graduación S*tricto Sensu*, en una Maestría. Considerando los resultados de las entrevistas realizadas con profesionales de la red pública estadual de enseñanza, contemplados con la Beca Maestría, se nota que el Proyecto Beca Maestría, de hecho, representó una conquista importante en termos de formación personal/profesional. Sin embargo, el acompañamiento de tales profesionales en su cotidiano de trabajo, sea en las aulas o en la gestión de políticas, no viene caracterizándose como una acción consistente en el sentido de valorizar el trabajo de esos profesionales, para que la "Beca Maestría" no se constituya como más una posibilidad de salida del aula y, sí, como una perspectiva de mejor desempeño en decencia o en la gestión de la enseñanza pública.O artigo apresenta resultados das investigações realizadas no sentido de questionar as reais possibilidades (ou não) de uma ação formativa para os integrantes do quadro do magistério da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo, de especialização profissional, de continuidade de estudos em Programas de Pós-Graduação, reconhecidos pela CAPES, com vistas à melhoria do ensino público paulista, considerando o chamado Projeto "Bolsa Mestrado". Na perspectiva do conhecimento acumulado a respeito das relações entre pesquisa e docência (André, 2004 e 2007; Ludke, 2001; Santos, 2001) problematizamos os sentidos e significados atribuídos, por professores integrantes do Projeto, ao próprio processo vivido num Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, num Mestrado. Considerando resultados de entrevistas realizadas com profissionais da rede pública estadual de ensino, contemplados com a Bolsa Mestrado, evidencia-se que o Projeto Bolsa Mestrado, de fato, representou uma conquista importante em termos de formação pessoal/profissional. Contudo, o acompanhamento de tais profissionais no cotidiano de seu trabalho, seja na sala de aula ou na gestão de políticas, não vem se caracterizando como uma ação consistente no sentido de valorizar o trabalho desses profissionais, para que o "Bolsa Mestrado" não se constitua como mais uma possibilidade de saída da sala de aula e, sim, como uma perspectiva de melhor desempenho na docência ou na gestão do ensino público

p53 in AgRP neurons is required for protection against diet-induced obesity via JNK1.

p53 is a well-known tumor suppressor that has emerged as an important player in energy balance. However, its metabolic role in the hypothalamus remains unknown. Herein, we show that mice lacking p53 in agouti-related peptide (AgRP), but not proopiomelanocortin (POMC) or steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) neurons, are more prone to develop diet-induced obesity and show reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity. AgRP-specific ablation of p53 resulted in increased hypothalamic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity before the mice developed obesity, and central inhibition of JNK reversed the obese phenotype of these mice. The overexpression of p53 in the ARC or specifically in AgRP neurons of obese mice decreased body weight and stimulated BAT thermogenesis, resulting in body weight loss. Finally, p53 in AgRP neurons regulates the ghrelin-induced food intake and body weight. Overall, our findings provide evidence that p53 in AgRP neurons is required for normal adaptations against diet-induced obesity