Recoil polarization and beam-recoil double polarization measurement of \eta electroproduction on the proton in the region of the S_{11}(1535) resonance

The beam-recoil double polarization P_{x'}^h and P_{z'}^h and the recoil polarization P_{y'} were measured for the first time for the p(\vec{e},e'\vec{p})\eta reaction at a four-momentum transfer of Q^2=0.1 GeV^2/c^2 and a center of mass production angle of \theta = 120^\circ at MAMI C. With a center of mass energy range of 1500 MeV < W < 1550 MeV the region of the S_{11}(1535) and D_{13}(1520) resonance was covered. The results are discussed in the framework of a phenomenological isobar model (Eta-MAID). While P_{x'}^h and P_{z'}^h are in good agreement with the model, P_{y'} shows a significant deviation, consistent with existing photoproduction data on the polarized-target asymmetry.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Réflectance et fluorescence des organoclastes du Toarcien du Bassin de Paris en fonction de la profondeur et de la température

L'étude pétrographique de la matière organique contenue dans les schistes bitumineux du bassin de Paris a été réalisée sur des échantillons provenant de sondages et d'affleurements allant de la frontière du Luxembourg au Morvan. Une méthode de correction simple et directe des spectres de fluorescence a été appliquée. Les résultats obtenus montrent que - la vitrinite est minoritaire et composée de plusieurs populations dont l'une est remaniée; - le rapport autochtone/ remanié varie avec le faciès d'où des fluctuations importantes de la moyenne des pouvoirs réflecteurs qui ne sont pas dues à la carbonification ; - le pouvoir réflecteur évolue avec la maturation mais l'interprétation des courbes est délicate du fait de l'hétérogénéité des apports ; - le matériel fluorescent est abondant et autochtone, la mesure du quotient rouge/vert (Q) simplifiée est une méthode rapide très sensible dans la zone de formation des hydrocarbures liquides. Q varie de 0,57 à 1,12 ce qui permet de définir 5 classes ; - des barreaux de schistes ont été chauffés à l'abri de l'air en laboratoire. On constate qu'il y a une grande analogie entre les effets dus à l'enfouissement et les effets thermiques, la fluorescence étant caractérisée par les mêmes valeurs de Q à 2 500 m et à 420 °C (Q = 1,12) et par une même allure de la courbe évolutive

Design of a new Emittance Meter for LINAC4

LINAC4 is the first step in the upgrade of the injectors chain of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This Linac will accelerate H- ions from 45 keV to 160 MeV. During the commissioning phase of LINAC4 transverse emittance measurements will be required at 45 keV, 3 MeV and 12 MeV. For this purpose a slit&grid system is currently being developed. The material and the geometry of the wires and of the slit need to be optimized in order to minimize the negative effects of the energy deposition and maximize the signals. This document describes the results of the studies carried out during the design of the emittance meter

Accuracy determination of the CERN Linac4 emittance measurements at the test bench for 3 and 12 Mev

The CERN LINAC4 commissioning will start in 2011, at first in a laboratory test stand where the 45 KeV Hsource is already installed and presently tested, and later in the LINAC4 tunnel. A movable diagnostics bench will be equipped with the necessary sensors capable of characterizing the H- beam in different stages, from 3 MeV up to the first DTL tank at 12 MeV. In this paper we will discuss the accuracy of the transverse emittance measurement that will be performed with the slit-grid method. The system’s mechanical and geometric parameters have been determined in order to achieve the required resolution and sensitivity. Space charge effects during the beam transfer from the slit to the grid and scattering effects at the slit have been considered to determine the overall emittance measurement accuracy

Design of the Emittance Meter for the 3 and 12 MeV LINAC4 H- Beam

LINAC4 is part of the CERN LHC injector chain upgrade and will accelerate H- ions from 45 keV to 160 MeV. A movable diagnostics test bench will be used to adjust the machine parameters during different stages of installation. One of the main instruments on this movable bench is a transverse emittance meter. Given the beam properties at 3 MeV and 12 MeV, the slit-grid system already developed for the measurements of the transverse emittance of the 45 keV H- source will not be suitable, mainly due to the high thermal load on the steel slit already with a single LINAC4 pulse. For this reason a new slit has been designed based on analytical and numerical simulations for different materials and geometries. The energy deposition patterns for the different cases have been simulated using FLUKA and will be presented in detail. In addition, the choice of wires for the SEM grid will be discussed, in terms of material, diameter and spacing required, to achieve the required measurement accuracy