(Section A: Planning Strategies and Design Concepts)

This paper uses four years of ecosystem classification data, from 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, to analyse the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the ecosystems of counties and cities in the Min Delta urban agglomeration over 15 years across four aspects, including changes in the ecosystem area for each period, a transfer matrix of the counties and cities, the comprehensive dynamic ecosystem index, and the forces driving these changes. The results show that: (1) from 2000 to 2015, the total area of farmland, forest and shrub ecosystems in the Min Delta urban agglomeration decreased, while the total area of urban, wetland and grassland ecosystems has increased. There are spatiotemporal differences and patterns in the area change and transfer of various ecosystems. The series of scales and proportion of ecosystem types in the counties and cities of the Min Triangle show that there is a two-way transfer between farmland and urban ecosystems. In addition, there are spatiotemporal differences in the transfer of these two ecosystems. Forest ecosystems are transferred into farmland, urban and grassland ecosystems at different levels. In the eastern part of the Min Triangle, wetlands are mostly transferred to urban ecosystems, and the western regions are mostly transferred to forests and farmland. (2) For the comprehensive dynamic index of the Min Delta urban agglomeration, from 2000 to 2015, the degree of ecosystem dynamics was higher in each period than the previous, and the dynamics in the eastern and central parts were higher than those in the west and south for the same period. From 2000 to 2005, the comprehensive dynamic index was below 0.2%. The dynamic index of Longhai in Xiamen and Zhangzhou increased significantly from 2005 to 2010 from that of the previous period, and their values all exceeded 0.9%. From 2010 to 2015, the area with a large change in the dynamic index expanded to the east and south from the central area of Xiamen. The dynamics in the northwest did not sufficiently increase. (3) The GDP, value of agricultural production, forestry, and fisheries, secondary and tertiary industries, urbanization rate, and permanent residents are important factors influencing ecosystems. The driving effects of these socioeconomic indicators and urban population development have different degrees of significance on farmland, urban, forest and wetland ecosystems during different periods of the Delta\u27s urban agglomeration

Lightweight All Graphene‐Based Two‐Phase Heat Transport Devices

Abstract Graphene‐based composites show great potential in the development of lightweight functional devices and systems, and polymers are usually used as binders to enhance the mechanical properties of these composites. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the polymer and the high inherent interfacial thermal resistance between polymer and graphene, however, the developed devices and systems generally possess low thermal conductivity, which seriously limits their further thermal‐related applications. Here, a lightweight two‐phase heat transport device (TPHTD) based on a vapor‐liquid phase transition‐based heat transfer by using a graphene‐based composite material as the casing is generated. The graphene‐based TPHTD has high thermal conductivity of up to 1408 W (mK)−1 and realizes ultra‐high specific thermal conductivity of ≈5600 W (mKg)−1. This graphene‐based device with lightweight and high heat transfer capacity offers new opportunities for efficient thermal management of compact, portable, or wearable electronic and power systems

Antifouling nanoporous diamond membrane for enhanced detection of dopamine in human serum

In vivo tracking or in vitro real sample analysis by electrochemistry is one of the most straight and useful methods in biosensor field. However, surface biofouling of electrodes by non-specific protein adsorption is inevitable and usually leads to a decrease in sensitivity. Here, we developed a Nafion-coated porous boron-doped diamond (NAF/pBDD) electrode with hydrophobic nanostructures to minimize the biofouling effect and selectively detect dopamine (DA). Larger active area was obtained by this procedure compared to a bare diamond electrode. The as-prepared electrode shows excellent antifouling property and enrichment capacity toward selective detection of dopamine (DA). The low background current of the BDD electrode and the enhanced signals enables a lower detection limit, 42 nmol L−1, and a wider linear range, 0.1–110 μmol L−1, for determination of DA in human serum. Additionally, the facile modified electrode demonstrated renewable property and long-term stability due to the fact that the antifouling nanostructures belong to its own

Characterizing the dynamics of BCR repertoire from repeated influenza vaccination

ABSTRACTYearly epidemics of seasonal influenza cause an enormous disease burden around the globe. An understanding of the rules behind the immune response with repeated vaccination still presents a significant challenge, which would be helpful for optimizing the vaccination strategy. In this study, 34 healthy volunteers with 16 vaccinated were recruited, and the dynamics of the BCR repertoire for consecutive vaccinations in two seasons were tracked. In terms of diversity, length, network, V and J gene segments usage, somatic hypermutation (SHM) rate and isotype, it was found that the overall changes were stronger in the acute phase of the first vaccination than the second vaccination. However, the V gene segments of IGHV4-39, IGHV3-9, IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 were amplified in the acute phase of the first vaccination, with IGHV3-7 dominant. On the other hand, for the second vaccination, the changes were dominated by IGHV1-69, with potential for coding broad neutralizing antibody. Additional analysis indicates that the application of V gene segment for IGHV3-7 in the acute phase of the first vaccination was due to the elevated usage of isotypes IgM and IgG3. While for IGHV1-69 in the second vaccination, it was contributed by isotypes IgG1 and IgG2. Finally, 41 public BCR clusters were identified in the vaccine group, with both IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 were involved and representative complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs were characterized. This study provides insights into the immune response dynamics following repeated influenza vaccination in humans and can inform universal vaccine design and vaccine strategies in the future

Characterizing the dynamics of BCR repertoire from repeated influenza vaccination

Yearly epidemics of seasonal influenza cause an enormous disease burden around the globe. An understanding of the rules behind the immune response with repeated vaccination still presents a significant challenge, which would be helpful for optimizing the vaccination strategy. In this study, 34 healthy volunteers with 16 vaccinated were recruited, and the dynamics of the BCR repertoire for consecutive vaccinations in two seasons were tracked. In terms of diversity, length, network, V and J gene segments usage, somatic hypermutation (SHM) rate and isotype, it was found that the overall changes were stronger in the acute phase of the first vaccination than the second vaccination. However, the V gene segments of IGHV4-39, IGHV3-9, IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 were amplified in the acute phase of the first vaccination, with IGHV3-7 dominant. On the other hand, for the second vaccination, the changes were dominated by IGHV1-69, with potential for coding broad neutralizing antibody. Additional analysis indicates that the application of V gene segment for IGHV3-7 in the acute phase of the first vaccination was due to the elevated usage of isotypes IgM and IgG3. While for IGHV1-69 in the second vaccination, it was contributed by isotypes IgG1 and IgG2. Finally, 41 public BCR clusters were identified in the vaccine group, with both IGHV3-7 and IGHV1-69 were involved and representative complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs were characterized. This study provides insights into the immune response dynamics following repeated influenza vaccination in humans and can inform universal vaccine design and vaccine strategies in the future.</p