Instrumentación y control de asentamientos para obras de ingeniería civil con la ayuda de la geomática

Trabajo de investigaciónTeniendo en cuenta el análisis de la información de los edificios analizados y ubicados en el área perimetral al proyecto Milá, se realizó una vinculación de datos de asentamientos con el efecto de las subsidencias en los datos tomados en cada control, para ello fue necesario realizar un análisis de comportamiento frente la influencia en la aplicación de cargas y desplazamientos verticales diferenciales en los predios vecinos, en donde se identificó la niveleta o columna que más asentamiento tuvo, en los predios circundantes y se vinculó con la de mayor asentamiento en el proyecto de estudio (MILÁ), en forma de Radar, con el fin de vincular de manera razonable los asentamientos puntuales en cada estructura independiente y relacionarla con el comportamiento de las subsidencias en la zona.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. ANTECEDENTES Y JUSTIFICACIÓN 2. OBJETIVOS 3. PLANTEAMIENTO Y FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 4. MARCO TEÓRICO 5. MARCO CONCEPTUAL 6. INFORMACIÓN DEL PROYECTO 7. MARCO GEOLÓGICO, GEOTÉCNICO Y SÍSMICO GENERAL 8. ANÁLISIS DE ASENTAMIENTOS DE EDIFICIOS CIRCUNDANTES 9. VERTICALIDAD EN MILÁ Y EDIFICIOS CIRCUNDANTES 10. ANÁLISIS DE ASENTAMIENTOS MILÁ 11. SUGERENCIA TÉCNICA DE INSTRUMENTACIÓN GEOMÁTICA PARA CONTROL DE ASENTAMIENTOS COMO MÉTODOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE COLOMBIA 12. CONCLUSIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

Aplicación de Herramientas de Análisis Financiero en las empresas Pesquera Nicafisheries S,A. localizada en Managua, Nicaragua para los periodos del 2012-2013

El presente trabajo tenía como propósito evaluar la aplicación de las herramientas financieras en los estados financieros de la empresa Nicafisheries, S.A, la cual se dedica a la venta y procesamiento de mariscos. Para esto se tomó como base un comparativo de estados financieros de dos años, donde se realizó los cálculos de las razones financieras, sus aumentos y disminuciones en cada cuenta contable. Posterior a la aplicación de los métodos de análisis financieros a los estados financieros de la compañía, se efectuaron las conclusiones así como las debidas recomendaciones para mejorar la situación económica y financiera de la compañía

Modifications of the fit and combination of surgical masks and KN95 respirators to increase respiratory protection against SARS-CoV-2

Objective. In the present work, a methodology has been developed for the evaluation of respiratory protection in surgical masks and respirators commonly used in the peruvian population, considering the particles most likely to contain active SARS-COV-2 virus, which includes the filtration capacity of the material used and the adjustment provided by the respiratory protection device. Methodology. A direct linear relationship has been determined between the logarithm of the concentration of suspended particles in air and the elapsed time; ao that, it is possible to compare the amount of internal and external particles to the mask or respirator in the same period of time and to know the percentage of respiratory protection of each sample evaluated. Conclusions: Concordance is obtained between the values ​​obtained for respiratory protection and those expected considering the level of filtration of the material used that makes up each surgical mask or respirator, and the level of adjustment presented by them, observing a significant increase in the levels of protection improving the fit in them.Objetivo. En el presente trabajo se ha desarrollado una metodología para la evaluación de la protección respiratoria en mascarillas quirúrgicas y respiradores de uso común en la población peruana, considerando las partículas de mayor probabilidad de contener virus activo del SARS-COV-2, la cual incluye la capacidad de filtración del material empleado y el ajuste proporcionado por el dispositivo de protección respiratoria. Metodología. Se ha determinado una relación lineal directa entre el logaritmo de la concentración de partículas suspendidas en aire y el tiempo transcurrido; por lo cual es posible comparar la cantidad de partículas internas y externas a la mascarilla o respirador en un mismo período de tiempo y conocer el porcentaje de protección respiratoria de cada muestra evaluada. Conclusiones: Se obtiene concordancia entre los valores obtenidos de protección respiratoria y los esperados considerando el nivel de filtración del material empleado que compone cada mascarilla quirúrgica o respirador, y el nivel de ajuste presentado por los mismos, observándose un incremento significativo en los niveles de protección respiratoria mejorando el ajuste en los mismos.&nbsp

Methodology for evaluating the level of respiratory protection of masks and respirators against particles similar to those that transmit SARS-COV-2

Objetivo: Desarrollar una metodología para evaluar el nivel de protección respiratoria de respiradores, mascarillas quirúrgicas y mascarillas comunitarias que usa la población peruana, usando partículas de un tamaño similar a las que contienen al virus activo del SARS-CoV-2. Materiales y métodos: Se ha determinado una relación lineal directa entre el logaritmo de la concentración de partículas suspendidas en aire y el tiempo transcurrido; por lo cual es posible comparar la cantidad de partículas internas y externas a la mascarilla o respirador en un mismo periodo y conocer el porcentaje de protección respiratoria de cada muestra evaluada. Resultados: Se ha logrado implementar una metodología para evaluar el nivel de protección respiratoria ante aerosoles menores a 5,0 μm. Asimismo, el empleo de accesorios como ligas o ajustadores detrás de cabeza y nuca, y el uso de clips nasales robustos, incrementan significativamente el nivel de protección respiratoria ante partículas con alta probabilidad de contener al SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones: Se observa una concordancia entre los valores de protección respiratoria obtenidos y los esperados, considerando el nivel de filtración del material empleado de cada mascarilla quirúrgica o respirador, y su nivel de ajuste. Se observó un incremento significativo en los niveles de protección respiratoria.Objective: To develop a methodology for evaluating the level of respiratory protection provided by res- pirators, surgical masks and community face masks used by the Peruvian population; protection was evaluated against particles of a size similar to those containing active SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials and methods: A direct linear relationship has been determined between the logarithm of the concentration of airborne particles and the elapsed time; thus, it is possible to compare the quantity of particles inside and outside of the mask or respirator in the same time period, as well as to obtain the percentage of re- spiratory protection for each evaluated sample. Results: A methodology was established to evaluate the level of respiratory protection against aerosols smaller than 5.0 μm. Also, the use of accessories such as garters or adjusters behind the head and neck, and the use of strong nasal clips, significantly increased the level of respiratory protection against particles with a high probability of containing SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: We found concordance between the obtained respiratory protection values and those ex- pected, considering the filtration level of the material used for each surgical mask or resp s well as the tightness. A significant increase in the levels of respiratory protection was observed

Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el personal asistencial de salud del servicio urgencias de la Unidad Integrada de Servicios de Salud de Fontibón Subred SurOccidente E.S.E y de la Unidad Integrada de Servicios de Salud Engativá Subred Norte E.S.E de la ciudad de Bogotá, en el primer semestre del año 2018

84 páginas : gráficasBurnout syndrome is currently defined as the burnout syndrome, it is characterized by an extreme response to chronic stress within the work context generating physical and mental exhaustion, progressive organizational and social maladjustment, affecting the worker and his environment. In Latin America, little information is found on the presentation of the syndrome2, although in Colombia it has been studied mainly in the emergency department, finding that the nursing population is one of the groups most susceptible to suffering from this pathology. Previous studies worldwide reveal that health personnel are one of the most vulnerable populations to suffer from this condition, which is linked to the performance areas11; One of the areas that has been investigated mainly in the emergency area is that it is the service with the greatest daily exposure to situations that generate stress, which are not mitigated by the protocols of action and the adequate preparation of professionals12. When considering that the prevalence of burnout syndrome varies in the territories depending on the variability of the established health systems and the factors of the health centers13 and in the absence of evidence of the exploration of this in public entities in the city of Bogotá; In view of the reorganization of the health sector due to the issuance of the 641 agreement, the objective of this project is to determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in the health care personnel of two integrated services units of the city of Bogotá in the emergency area. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted, a population sample was obtained equivalent to eighty-four people for a distribution of forty-two people for each institution involved and a socio-demographic survey and the questionnaire were used as measuring instruments. Maslach Burnout Inventory. The results obtained in the present study show a prevalence of burnout syndrome equivalent to 5% in the total population studied and by institutions involved, corresponding to 2% for the Integrated Health Services Unit - Fontibón-Subred Subreccidente y el 8 % for Integrated Unit of Health Services-Engativá- Subred Norte; results that resemble the prevalence values obtained in other studies, whose values range between 5 and 57% and that contemplate similar population groups46, but which differ in terms of the values obtained in the Maslach variables of other publications47. Results were found that reflect the absence of statistically significant differences in each institution involved in the study and that the workplace according to conditions may not determine the development of the syndrome, but the importance of generating optimal environments for workers in the health in the emergency department, given that this syndrome puts at risk the quality of care of people in care centers, so it is recommended to each of the integrated units of health service to identify the stress to which they are subjected workers daily and in this way implement methods that reduce work overload and that favor adequate work environmentsEl síndrome de Burnout es definido en la actualidad como el síndrome de desgaste profesional, se caracteriza por una respuesta extrema al estrés crónico dentro del contexto laboral generando agotamiento físico, mental, desajuste organizacional y social progresivo, afectando al trabajador y a su entorno. En Latinoamérica, se encuentra poca información acerca de la presentación del síndrome2, aunque en Colombia se ha estudiado principalmente en el servicio de urgencias encontrándose que la población de enfermería es uno de los grupos mayormente susceptibles a padecer dicha patología. Estudios previos a nivel mundial revelan que el personal sanitario es una de las poblaciones con mayor vulnerabilidad de sufrir este padecimiento, el cual está vinculado en función de las áreas de desempeño11; siendo una de las áreas que se ha investigado principalmente el área de urgencias ya que se constituye como el servicio de mayor exposición diaria a situaciones generadoras de estrés, que no son mitigadas a partir de los protocolos de actuación y de la preparación adecuada de profesionales12. Al considerar que la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout varia en los territorios dependiendo de las variabilidades de los sistemas de salud establecidos y de los factores propios de los centros de salud13 y ante la inexistente evidencia de la exploración de este en entidades públicas de la ciudad de Bogotá; ante la reorganización del sector salud por la expedición del acuerdo 641, se establece como objetivo del presente proyecto determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en el personal asistencial de salud de dos unidades integradas de servicios de la ciudad de Bogotá en el área de urgencias. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, se obtuvo una muestra poblacional equivalente a ochenta y cuatro personas para una distribución de cuarenta y dos personas por cada institución involucrada y se usaron como instrumentos de medición una encuesta sociodemográfica y el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory. En los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio se puede evidenciar una prevalencia del síndrome de burnout equivalente al 5% en la población total estudiada y por instituciones implicadas correspondiente al 2% para la Unidad Integrada de Servicios de Salud- Fontibón- Subred Suroccidente y el 8% para Unidad Integrada de Servicios de Salud-Engativá- Subred Norte; resultados que se asemejan a los valores de prevalencia obtenidos en otros estudios, cuyos valores oscilan entre el 5 y 57% y que contemplan grupos poblacionales similares46, pero que discrepan en cuanto a los valores obtenidos en las variables de Maslach de otras publicaciones47. Se hallaron resultados que reflejan la no existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cada institución involucrada en el estudio y que el lugar de trabajo según condiciones puede no determinar el desarrollo del síndrome, pero se hace evidente la importancia de generar ambientes óptimos para los trabajadores de la salud en el servicio de urgencias, dado que este síndrome pone en riesgo la calidad de la atención de las personas en los centros asistenciales, por lo que se recomienda a cada una de las unidades integradas de servicio de salud identificar el estrés al que están sometidos los trabajadores diariamente y de esta manera implementar métodos que reduzcan la sobrecarga laboral y que favorezcan adecuados ambientes de trabajoIncluye bibliografíaPregradoMédico(a) Cirujan

Dissecting the expression patterns of transcription factors across conditions using an integrated network-based approach

In prokaryotes, regulation of gene expression is predominantly controlled at the level of transcription. Transcription in turn is mediated by a set of DNA-binding factors called transcription factors (TFs). In this study, we map the complete repertoire of ∼300 TFs of the bacterial model, Escherichia coli, onto gene expression data for a number of nonredundant experimental conditions and show that TFs are generally expressed at a lower level than other gene classes. We also demonstrate that different conditions harbor varying number of active TFs, with an average of about 15% of the total repertoire, with certain stress and drug-induced conditions exhibiting as high as one-third of the collection of TFs. Our results also show that activators are more frequently expressed than repressors, indicating that activation of promoters might be a more common phenomenon than repression in bacteria. Finally, to understand the association of TFs with different conditions and to elucidate their dynamic interplay with other TFs, we develop a network-based framework to identify TFs which act as markers, defined as those which are responsible for condition-specific transcriptional rewiring. This approach allowed us to pinpoint several marker TFs as being central in various specialized conditions such as drug induction or growth condition variations, which we discuss in light of previously reported experimental findings. Further analysis showed that a majority of identified markers effectively control the expression of their regulons and, in general, transcriptional programs of most conditions can be effectively rewired by a very small number of TFs. It was also found that closeness is a key centrality measure which can aid in the successful identification of marker TFs in regulatory networks. Our results suggest the utility of the network-based approaches developed in this study to be applicable for understanding other interactomic data sets

The impact of introducing new vaccines on the health system: case studies from six low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the impacts of new vaccine introductions on immunization programmes and health systems in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We conducted case studies of seven vaccine introductions in six countries (Cameroon, PCV;Ethiopia, PCV; Guatemala, rotavirus; Kenya, PCV; Mali, Meningitis A; Mali, PCV; Rwanda, HPV). Inter-views were conducted with 261 national, regional and district key informants and questionnaires were completed with staff from 196 health facilities. Routine data from districts and health facilities were gathered on vaccination and antenatal service use. Data collection and analysis were structured around the World Health Organisation health system building blocks. FINDINGS: The new vaccines were viewed positively and seemed to integrate well into existing health systems. The introductions were found to have had no impact on many elements within the building blocks framework. Despite many key informants and facility respondents perceiving that the new vaccine introductions had increased coverage of other vaccines, the routine data showed no change. Positive effects perceived included enhanced credibility of the immunisation programme and strengthened health workers' skills through training. Negative effects reported included an increase in workload and stock outs of the new vaccine, which created a perception in the community that all vaccines were out of stock in a facility. Most effects were found within the vaccination programmes; very few were reported on the broader health systems. Effects were primarily reported to be temporary, around the time of introduction only. CONCLUSION: Although the new vaccine introductions were viewed as intrinsically positive, on the whole there was no evidence that they had any major impact, positive or negative, on the broader health systems

A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galapagos

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced. </jats:p