La educación sexual entre padres e hijos adolescentes; frecuencia, contenidos y dificultades.

Trabajo Fin de Grado Curso 2015-2016[ES]La adolescencia es un período de profundos cambios a nivel físico, psicológico y social, con importantes implicaciones para el desarrollo sexual y afectivo. Por ello, en este período se hace indispensable una correcta comunicación y educación sexual para evitar riesgos y fomentar un desarrollo óptimo y saludable a nivel afectivo, emocional, cognitivo, conductual, etc. Aunque esta educación sexual está sujeta a numerosos agentes de socialización, como la escuela o la familia, son los padres los máximos responsables de la misma. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivos conocer el grado de implicación de los mismos en la educación sexual de sus hijos, en términos de contenidos, motivaciones y dificultades; conocer la percepción que tienen los adolescentes de la educación sexual llevada a cabo por sus padres y analizar posibles diferencias en función del sexo de los padres e hijos. Para la evaluación empleamos una adaptación del cuestionario utilizado en el estudio de Sieswerda y Blekkenhorst (2006), aplicado a una muestra de 134 padres y 77 adolescentes. Los adolescentes cursaban 3º y 4º de la ESO en un instituto de una localidad extremeña. Los resultados indican que la vergüenza es la principal barrera que impide una adecuada educación sexual. Además, siguen siendo las madres las que más hablan con sus hijas sobre sexualidad. Estos y otros resultados, así como implicaciones y limitaciones, son discutidos al final del presente estudio

Click-tambjamines as efficient and tunable bioactive anion transporters

A novel class of transmembrane anion carriers, the click-tambjamines, display remarkable anionophoric activities in model liposomes and living cells. The versatility of this building block for the generation of molecular diversity offers promise to develop future drugs based on this design.European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (TAT-CF project, grant agreement 667079), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant PI18/00441) (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe) and “La Caixa” Foundation and Caja Burgos Foundation (CAIXAUBU004

Superelastic damping at nanoscale in ternary and quaternary Cu-based shape memory alloys

Superelasticity is a characteristic thermomechanical property in shape memory alloys (SMA), which is due to a reversible stress-induced martensitic transformation. Nano-compression experiments made possible the study of this property in Cu–Al–Ni SMA micropillars, showing an outstanding ultra-high mechanical damping capacity reproducible for thousands of cycles and reliable over the years. This scenario motivated the present work, where a comparative study of the damping capacity on four copper-based SMA: Cu–Al–Ni, Cu–Al–Be, Cu–Al–Ni–Be and Cu–Al–Ni–Ga is approached. For this purpose, [001] oriented single-crystal micropillars of comparable dimensions (around 1 µm in diameter) were milled by focused ion beam technique. All micropillars were cycled up to two hundred superelastic cycles, exhibiting a remarkable reproducibility. The damping capacity was evaluated through the dimensionless loss factor η, calculated for each superelastic cycle, representing the dissipated energy per cycle and unit of volume. The calculated loss factor was averaged between three micro-pillars of each alloy, obtaining the following results: Cu–Al–Ni η = 0.20 ± 0.01; Cu–Al–Be η = 0.100 ± 0.006; Cu–Al–Ni–Be η = 0.072 ± 0.004 and Cu–Al–Ni–Ga η = 0.042 ± 0.002. These four alloys exhibit an intrinsic superelastic damping capacity and offer a wide loss factor band, which constitutes a reference for engineering, since this kind of micro/nano structures can potentially be integrated not only as sensors and actuators but also as dampers in the design of MEMS to improve their reliability. In addition, the study of the dependence of the superelastic loss factor on the diameter of the pillar was approached in the Cu–Al–Ni–Ga alloy, and here we demonstrate that there is a size effect on damping at the nanoscale.Fil: Gómez Cortés, J.F.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Fuster, Valeria de Los Angeles. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Cerrato, M.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Lorenzo, P.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Ruiz Larrea, I.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Breczewski, T.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Nó, M. L.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: San Juan, J. M.. Universidad del País Vasco; Españ

Superelastic damping at nanoscale in ternary and quaternary Cu-based shape memory alloys

Superelasticity is a characteristic thermomechanical property in shape memory alloys (SMA), which is due to a reversible stress-induced martensitic transformation. Nano-compression experiments made possible the study of this property in Cu-Al-Ni SMA micropillars, showing an outstanding ultra-high mechanical damping capacity reproducible for thousands of cycles and reliable over the years. This scenario motivated the present work, where a comparative study of the damping capacity on four copper-based SMA: Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Al-Be, Cu-Al-Ni-Be and Cu-Al-Ni-Ga is approached. For this purpose, [001] oriented single crystal micropillars of comparable dimensions (around 1 mu m in diameter) were milled by focused ion beam technique. All micropillars were cycled up to two hundred superelastic cycles, exhibiting a remarkable reproducibility. The damping capacity was evaluated through the dimensionless loss factor eta, calculated for each superelastic cycle, representing the dissipated energy per cycle and unit of volume. The calculated loss factor was averaged between three micro-pillars of each alloy, obtaining the following results: Cu-Al-Ni eta = 0.20 +/- 0.01; Cu-Al-Be eta = 0.100 +/- 0.006; Cu-Al-Ni-Be eta = 0.072 +/- 0.004 and Cu-Al-Ni-Ga eta = 0.042 +/- 0.002. These four alloys exhibit an intrinsic superelastic damping capacity and offer a wide loss factor band, which constitutes a reference for engineering, since this kind of micro/nano structures can potentially be integrated not only as sensors and actuators but also as dampers in the design of MEMS to improve their reliability. In addition, the study of the dependence of the superelastic loss factor on the diameter of the pillar was approached in the Cu-Al-Ni-Ga alloy, and here we demonstrate that there is a size effect on damping at the nanoscale.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO, projects MAT2017-84069P and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 CSD2009-00013, as well as by the ELKARTEK-CEMAP project from the Industry Department of the Basque Government, and GIU-17/071 from the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain. This work made use of the FIB and ICP facilities of the SGIKER from the UPV/EHU. The author V.F. acknowledges the Post-Doctoral Mobility Grant from the CONICET of Argentina, and J.F.G.-C. also acknowledges the Post-Doctoral Grant (ESPDOC18/37) from the UPV/EHU

Opsonin-deficient nucleoproteic corona endows unPEGylated liposomes with stealth properties in vivo

For several decades, surface grafted polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been a go-to strategy for preserving the synthetic identity of liposomes in physiological milieu and preventing clearance by immune cells. However, the limited clinical translation of PEGylated liposomes is mainly due to the protein corona formation and the subsequent modification of liposomes’ synthetic identity, which affects their interactions with immune cells and blood residency. Here we exploit the electric charge of DNA to generate unPEGylated liposome/DNA complexes that, upon exposure to human plasma, gets covered with an opsonin-deficient protein corona. The final product of the synthetic process is a biomimetic nanoparticle type covered by a proteonucleotidic corona, or “proteoDNAsome”, which maintains its synthetic identity in vivo and is able to slip past the immune system more efficiently than PEGylated liposomes. Accumulation of proteoDNAsomes in the spleen and the liver was lower than that of PEGylated systems. Our work highlights the importance of generating stable biomolecular coronas in the development of stealth unPEGylated particles, thus providing a connection between the biological behavior of particles in vivo and their synthetic identity

Desafíos y estrategias para la traducción del texto de Matemática Álgebra y Teoría de Números de L. Koulikov y sus posibles soluciones

La Matemática es una de las ciencias más antiguas que el ser humano ha estudiado e investigado y está presente en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida cotidiana. Los traductores además de enfrentarse a las dificultades que presenta la traducción, sus marcas (lexicales, gramaticales y fonológicas) así como el estilo del texto, deben tener en cuenta que las marcas estilísticas en una lengua, pueden no serlo en otra, y mucho más en el campo de la Matemática ya que ésta debe ser completamente clara, puesto que es un tema complejo , y el no interpretar de manera correcta el sentido del texto puede distorsionar el sentido original del autor, una mala explicación puede variar el sentido de todo, por lo que debe cuidar que la calidad de la traducción sea equivalente a las del texto original, sin desatender por ello la integridad de su contenido. Así que uno de los desafíos al traducir este texto de Álgebra es encontrar en nuestra propia lengua términos que expresen con mayor grado de fidelidad posible el sentido de éste, lo cual es muy difícil sino se tiene un dominio correcto de los términos que se utilizan en el campo de la Matemátic

Co-occurrence of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B: coincidence or common molecular mechanism?

Imprinting disorders are congenital diseases caused by dysregulation of genomic imprinting, affecting growth, neurocognitive development, metabolism and cancer predisposition. Overlapping clinical features are often observed among this group of diseases. In rare cases, two fully expressed imprinting disorders may coexist in the same patient. A dozen cases of this type have been reported so far. Most of them are represented by individuals affected by Beckwith–Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) and Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (TNDM) or BWSp and Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B). All these patients displayed Multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID). Here, we report the first case of co-occurrence of BWS and PHP1B in the same individual in absence of MLID. Genome-wide methylation and SNP-array analyses demonstrated loss of methylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR on chromosome 11p15.5 as molecular cause of BWSp, and upd(20)pat as cause of PHP1B. The absence of MLID and the heterodisomy of chromosome 20 suggests that BWSp and PHP1B arose through distinct and independent mechanism in our patient. However, we cannot exclude that the rare combination of the epigenetic defect on chromosome 11 and the UPD on chromosome 20 may originate from a common so far undetermined predisposing molecular lesion. A better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of two imprinting disorders will improve genetic counselling and estimate of familial recurrence risk of these rare cases. Furthermore, our study also supports the importance of multilocus molecular testing for revealing MLID as well as complex cases of imprinting disorders

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Estrés laboral en docentes de las instituciones educativas “Daniel Becerra Campo” y “William Prescott” de la ciudad de Ilo, Región Moquegua, Perú 2020

Esta investigación se enmarca en la problemática del estrés laboral en el colectivo docente de las instituciones educativas. En ese sentido, se planteó como objetivo determinar el nivel de estrés laboral en los docentes de las instituciones educativas Daniel Becerra Ocampo y William Prescott de la ciudad de Ilo, situada en la Región Moquegua, en el sur del Perú. El estudio se desarrolló en el marco del enfoque cuantitativo; por su alcance, se identifica con la investigación de tipo descriptivo, y para el análisis recurre al diseño descriptivo comparativo. Para la recolección de datos se hizo uso del Cuestionario de Estrés Laboral JSS, en su versión hispana; la versión utilizada cuenta con validez de contenido y confiabilidad importante para las dos escalas que integran el Cuestionario, la de intensidad y la de frecuencia. El instrumento se aplicó a una muestra de 67 docentes, de los cuales 49 pertenecen a la primera institución educativa, y 18 a la segunda. Entre los resultados, destaca el hecho que en ninguna de las dos instituciones educativas prima el nivel intenso de estrés laboral. Como conclusión del estudio, se encontró que el nivel de estrés laboral de los docentes de las instituciones educativas Daniel Becerra Ocampo y William Prescott de la ciudad de Ilo, Región Moquegua, 2020, no es intenso ni frecuente