Efficacy of adalimumab therapy in experimental rat sclerosing encapsulated peritonitis model

Aim To investigate the efficacy of adalimumab treatment in an experimental rat sclerosing encapsulated peritonitis (SEP) model. Methods The study involved 40 Wistar albino rats divided into four groups: chlorhexidine (CH) group, control group, CH + adalimumab group, and CH + resting group. The control group received normal saline intraperitoneally (i.p.). Other groups received 0.1% CH gluconate, 15% ethanol, and normal saline mixture i.p. for three weeks in order to induce SEP. CH + adalimumab group received 5 mg/kg adalimumab i.p. at the beginning of week 4 and week 6, while CH + resting group was followed-up for three weeks without applying any procedure after the onset of SEP. Rats in groups CH and control group were sacrificed on day 21, and rats in group CH + adalimumab and CH + resting were sacrificed on day 42. All groups were evaluated for peritoneal thickness, inflammation, vascularization, and fibrosis. Results CH + adalimumab group showed a significant decrease in peritoneal thickness, fibrosis score, and vascular score compared with CH group and CH + resting group. Conclusion Adalimumab can prevent SEP development

Adsorption challenge in the PDMS-based microfluidic systems for drug screening application

Drug screening is one of the demand areas due to close and direct dependency on human health. On the other hand, recently microfluidic systems have been increasingly used for drug development and screening purposes. However, this system has some challenges such as adsorption issue which can effect pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) of the drugs. Thus, in this research, the issue was characterized and evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FTIR spectroscopy devices as a model drug of cisplatin. Despite of strong relationship between logP and adsorption, and the very low value of logP in the drug candidate, the results for both apical and basal planes of the microfluidic chip confirmed the adsorption. In the UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the basal plane show 5%, and 10% higher adsorption compared to apical and control polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic. Additionally, the FTIR patterns were a good coincide with UV-Vis results

A comprehensive health effects assessment of the use of sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey

COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value \u3c0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87–2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74–1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90–2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused

Characteristics of food allergy in children: National multicenter study

Conference: Congress of the European-Academy-of-Allergy-and-Clinical-Immunology (EAACI) Location: Lisbon, PORTUGAL Date: JUN 01-05, 2019Background : Food allergies impose a significant burden on the life of the child and the family. In this study, to determine the demographic characteristics of food allergies, we investigated the characteristics of patients with food allergies in different regions of Pediatric Allergy- Immunology departments in Turkey. Method : Turkey ' s National Study of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Society has conducted a Study Group on Food Allergies. 25 centers participated in this multicenter, cross- sectional and descriptive study.European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunolog

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Devlet okullarında çalışan öğretmenlerin paylaşılan liderlik ve değişime hazır olma durumları arasındaki ilişkide bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolü.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mediating role of knowledge sharing on the relationship between distributed leadership and readiness for change among public school teachers. The study was designed as a correlational study with one mediator. The sample of the study was composed of 556 teachers working at primary, secondary, and high level public schools in Edirne. For data collection, Distributed Leadership Scale, Readiness for Change Scale, Knowledge Sharing Scale, and Demographic Information Form were used. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were utilized by SPSS IBM 23 program. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to maintain measurement model fit by Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) 18 software. Mediation Analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the hypothesized model. The results of the study revealed that knowledge sharing partially mediates the relationship between distributed leadership and readiness for change. Keywords: knowledge sharing, leadership, distributed leadership, organizational change, readiness for change.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Research of antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli strains producing GSβl, AMP-C and carbapenemas in retail red meats by mic, classic PCR and LAMP PCR assurances

Antibiyotikler; insanlar ve hayvanlarda, bakteriyel hastalıklara yol açan patojenlerin bertaraf edilmesi için kullanılan ajanlardır. Antibiyotik kullanımıyla birlikte, bakteriyel enfeksiyon kaynaklı ölüm sayılarının azaldığı belirlenmiş, yıllar içinde antibiyotikler enfeksiyon kaynaklı hastalıklarda kullanılan normal bir ilaç haline gelmiştir. Antibiyotiklerin giderek artan kullanımı, antibiyotiğe dirençli mikroorganizmaların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada; perakende satışa sunulan kırmızı etlerden izole edilen GSβL, Amp-C ve karbapenemaz üreten Escherichia coli (E. coli) suşlarının, fenotipik olarak antibiyotik direnç özelliklerinin disk difüzyon ve E-Test ile; antibiyotik direnç genlerinin ise Klasik PCR ve LAMP PCR metotlarıyla belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda alınan 120 adet kırmızı etten, 12'sinde E. coli izole edilmiş ve hızlı idendifikasyon sistemi (BBL Crystal) ile doğrulanmıştır. İzolatların disk difüzyon test sonuçları European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) ve Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)'a göre değerlendirilmiş ve GSβL aktivitesi 10 izolatta belirlenmiştir. Disk difüzyon test sonuçlarına göre; ampisiline ve tetrasikline %91,6, sefotaksime %83,33, kloramfenikole, siprofloksasine ve nalidiksik asite %75, sulfametoksol/trimetopirim ve azitromisine %66, gentamisine %41,6, seftazidime %41,6 ve tigesikline %33,3 oranında direnç görülmüş; meropeneme karşı direnç görülmemiştir. Ayrıca izolatların hepsi (%100) sefoksitine dirençli bulunmuştur. İzolatların E-Test sonuçları EUCAST, CLSI ve E European Union Reference Laboratory-Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR)'a göre değerlendirilmiş ve 1 adet izolatta GSβL bulunmuş; Amp-C ve karbapenemaz aktivitesi izolatların hiçbirinde saptanmamıştır. Antibiyotik direnç genlerinin tespiti için, DNA'lar izole edildikten sonra Klasik PCR ve LAMP PCR testleri yapılmıştır. Klasik PCR ile izolatlar GSβL, Amp-C ve karbapenemaz genleri yönünden analiz edilmiştir. PCR sonrasında, agaroz jel elektroforezde oluşan bantlar değerlendirilmiştir. LAMP PCR metodunda ise DNA'lar, izotermal şartlarda (65°C), yaklaşık 40 dakika amplifiye edildikten sonra, agaroz jel elektroforezde yürütülerek sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Klasik PCR sonucunda, GSβL aktivitesi yönünden incelendiğinde 4 izolatta (12B, 1D, 12A, 9D) CTX-M1 geni ve izolatların tamamında SHV geni tespit edilirken; Amp-C ve karbapenemaz geni tespit edilmemiştir. LAMP PCR ile karbapenemaz genleri incelendiğinde, 2 izolat (14D ve 24D) karbapenemaz pozitif tespit edilmiş ve incelenen karbapenamaz genlerinin hepsi (NDM, OXA-48, IMP, VIM, KPC) tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada kırmızı etlerin Tamponlanmış Peptonlu Su (TPS)'da 24 saatlik ön zenginleştirmesinden, etken izolasyonuna gerek kalmadan, direkt direnç genlerini tespit etmek amaçlanmış; Klasik PCR sonucunda, 4 numunede (12B, 1D, 12A, 9D) CTX-M1 ve SHV genleri; diğer numunelerde sadece SHV geni tespit edildiği görülmüştür. Yapılan LAMP PCR'da ise iki numunede (24D ve 14D), tüm karbapenemaz genleri (NDM, OXA-48, IMP, VIM, KPC) tespit edilmiştir. Piyasadan toplanan kırmızı etlerden izole edilen E. coli' lerin GSβL, Amp-C ve karbapenemaz genleri halk sağlığı ve hayvan sağlığı açısından riskli olabileceği ve bu konu ile ilgili olarak antibiyotik dirençliliğin ve direnç genlerinin izlenilmesi gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır. Özellikle tüketicileri direkt etkilediği için kırmızı etlerde tespit edilen antibiyotik direnç genlerinin izlenmesi tek sağlık konsepti açısından oldukça önemlidir. Antibiyotik kullanımının veteriner sahada uygulanma sıklığının ve hem hayvanlarda hem de insanlarda oluşabilecek antibiyotik direnç yayılımının da azaltılması için gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje Numarası: 2020/077'dir.Antibiotics are agents used to eliminate pathogens that cause bacterial diseases in humans and animals. It has been determined that the number of deaths due to bacterial infections has decreased with the use of antibiotics, and antibiotics have become a normal drug used in infectious diseases over the years. The increasing use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. In this study; GSβL, Amp-C and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains isolated from red meats offered for retail sale were determined phenotypically by disk diffusion and E-Test for antibiotic resistance properties; Antibiotic resistance genes were determined by Classical PCR and LAMP PCR methodsIn this context, E. coli was isolated in 12 of 120 red types of meat and confirmed by a rapid identification system (BBL Crystal). The disk diffusion test results of the isolates were evaluated according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), and GSβL activity was determined in 10 isolates. According to disk diffusion test results; 91.6% resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline, 83.33% to cefotaxime, 75% to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, 66% to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and azithromycin, 41.6% to gentamicin, 41.6% to ceftazidime and 33.3% to tigecycline seen; No resistance to meropenem was observed. In addition, all (100%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. E-Test results of the isolates were evaluated according to EUCAST, CLSI and European Union Reference Laboratory-Antimicrobial Resistance (EURL-AR) and GSβL were found in one isolate; Amp-C and carbapenemase activity were not detected in any of the isolates. Classical PCR and LAMP PCR tests were performed after the DNAs were isolated for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes. By classical PCR, isolates were analyzed for GSβL, Amp-C and carbapenemase genes. After having PCR, bands formed in agarose gel electrophoresis were evaluated. In the LAMP PCR method, the DNAs were amplified under isothermal conditions (65°C) for approximately 40 minutes, and the results were evaluated by conducting them in agarose gel electrophoresis. As a result of classical PCR, when examined in terms of GSβL activity, the CTX-M1 gene was detected in 4 isolates (12B, 1D, 12A, 9D) and the SHV gene was detected in all isolates; Amp-C and carbapenemase gene could not be detected. When carbapenemase genes were examined by LAMP PCR, two isolates (14D and 24D) were found to be carbapenemase positive, followed by all of the carbapenemase genes examined (NDM, OXA-48, IMP, VIM, KPC). In addition, this study, it was aimed to determine the resistance genes directly from the 24-hour pre-enrichment of red meats in Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) without the need for agent isolation. As a result of classical PCR, CTX-M1 and SHV genes in four samples (12B, 1D, 12A, 9D); only the SHV gene was detected in other samples. In LAMP PCR, all carbapenemase genes (NDM, OXA-48, IMP, VIM, KPC) were detected in two samples (24D and 14D). It has been concluded that GSβL, Amp-C and carbapenemase genes of E. coli isolated from red meat collected from the market may be risky in terms of public health and animal health, and antibiotic resistance and resistance genes should be followed in this regard. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes detected in red meat is very important in terms of single health concept, especially since it directly affects consumers. Necessary measures should be taken to reduce the frequency of antibiotic use in the veterinary field and the spread of antibiotic resistance that may occur in both animals and humans. This study was supported by Kırıkkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: 2020/077

2009 LEVEL DETERMINATION EXAM (SBS) THE EVALUATION OF TURKISH LANGUAGE QUESTIONS IN TERMS OF CURRICULUM

İlköğretimin ikinci kademesinde öğrencilere kazandırılması hedeflenen bilgi, beceri ve davranışlar, 2005 Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programında ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. Bunlar, programda dört temel dil becerisi ve dil bilgisi kazanımları olarak yer almaktadır. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ikinci kademe öğrencilerinin akademik başarımlarını ölçmek amacıyla her eğitim-öğretim yılının sonunda SBS adıyla merkezî sınavlar yapmaktadır. İlköğretimi bitiren öğrencilerin devam edeceği orta öğretim kurumları belirlenirken bu sınavlarda alınan puanlara da bakılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2009 SBS Türkçe sorularının, 2005 İlköğretim İkinci Kademe Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı ile hangi düzeyde paralellik gösterdiğini ve bu programda tespit edilen kazanımları hangi düzeyde ölçtüğünü belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bir ölçme aracının ölçmek istediği özelliği başka değişkenlerle karıştırmadan tam ve doğru olarak ölçmesine geçerlilik denmektedir. Ölçme aracının geçerliliği, o aracın kullanılış amacına hizmet etme derecesi ile ilgilidir. Bu bağlamda 2009 SBS Türkçe Testi'nin geçerliliğini sorgulayan bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. 2009 Seviye Belirleme Sınavı Türkçe soruları, Türkçe Öğretim Programında belirlenmiş olan kazanımlarla örtüşmekte midir? 2009 Seviye Belirleme Sınavı Türkçe soruları, Türkçe Öğretim Programında öğrencilere kazandırılması hedeflenen davranışları ölçebilme yeterliliğine sahip midir? Bu sorular, çalışmamıza temel teşkil etmiştir. Bu soruların cevabını bulabilmek için çalışma örneklemim olan 2009 SBS Türkçe soruları, 2005 Türkçe Ders Programındaki kazanımlarla tek tek karşılaştırılmış, bu soruların programda hangi kazanımlarla, ne düzeyde örtüştüğü belirlenmiştir. Varılan sonuçların test edilmesi için Afyonkarahisar il merkezindeki ilköğretim okullarında hâlen görev yapmakta olan 30 Türkçe öğretmeninin anket aracılığı ile görüşleri alınmıştır. Öğretmenler, kendileri için hazırlanmış olan anketlerde verilen bir kazanım ile o kazanımı ölçtüğü düşünülen soruyu incelemişler ve Bu soru, bu kazanımı ölçmektedir., Bu soru, bu kazanımı kısmen ölçmektedir., Bu soru, bu kazanımı ölçmemektedir. seçeneklerinden birini işaretleyerek görüşlerini belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmen görüşleri tablolar yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, 2009 Seviye Belirleme Sınavı Türkçe Sorularının sınavın yapısından dolayı 2005 Türkçe Öğretim Programındaki kazanımları ölçmekte yeterli olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Türkçe öğretiminde ve Türkçe dersiyle ilgili kazanımların ölçülmesinde çoktan seçmeli testler uygun bir ölçme aracı değildir. Nitekim bu sınavlarda 2005 Programı ile öğrenciye kazandırıldığı varsayılan dinleme ve konuşma ile ilgili bilgi, beceri ve davranışlar ölçülememiş, yazma becerilerinden de bir kısmı ölçülebilmiştir. İlköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerine Türkçe derslerinde dört temel dil becerisi ve dil bilgisi bilgilerini kazandırmaya yönelik bir program uygulanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu öğrencilerin Türkçe dersindeki akademik başarılarını ölçebilmek, her alan için ayrı ölçme araçları geliştirmekle mümkün olabilirThe information, skills and behaviors targeted to make students acquire in the second stage of elementary education are determined separately in 2005 Turkish Language Curriculum. These are present in the curriculum as four basic language skills and grammar acquisitions. The Ministry of National Education arranges central examinations under the name of SBS (Level Determination Exam) in the end of each academic year in order to measure academic achievements of secondary stage students. The scores taken from these exams are also taken into consideration when determining the secondary schools that the students completing elementary schools will attend to. This study is carried out in order to determine in which level 2009 SBS Turkish questions showed parallelism with 2005 Elementary School Secondary Stage Turkish Lesson Curriculum and measured the acquisitions detected in this curriculum. A measuring instrument's measuring the feature wanted to be measured without mixing it with other variables in a complete and correct way is referred to as validity. The validity of a measuring instrument is related to the level in which it serves to its intended use. In this context, there is not any study carried out for questioning the validity of 2009 SBS Turkish Language Test. Do the Turkish language questions in 2009 Level Determination Exam correspond to the acquisitions determined in the curriculum? Do the Turkish language questions in 2009 Level Determination Exam have the competency to measure the behaviors targeted to make students acquire in Turkish Language Curriculum? These questions are the basis of our study. In order to find the answers of these questions, 2009 SBS Turkish Language questions which are the sampling of then study compared one by one with the acquisitions in 2005 Turkish Language Curriculum and it was determined in which level these questions corresponded to which acquisitions in the curriculum. The views of 30 Turkish Language teachers working in elementary schools in the city center of Afyonkarahisar by means of a questionnaire in order to test the results obtained. Teachers examined the acquisition given in the questionnaires prepared for them and the question thought to measure that acquisition and expressed their opinions by marking one of the choices of This question measures this acquisition., This question measures this acquisition partially., This question does not measure this acquisition.. Teacher's views were analyzed by means of tables. In the end of the study, it was understood that the Turkish language questions in 2009 Level Determination Exam were not sufficient in measuring the acquisitions in 2005 Turkish Language Curriculum. Multiple choice tests are not appropriate measuring instruments in measuring the acquisitions related to Turkish Language teaching and Turkish Language lesson. As a matter of fact, knowledge, skills and behaviors related with listening and speaking assumed to be gained to students via 2005 curriculum could not be measured in these exams. A program for acquiring four basic language skills and grammar knowledge related to Turkish language lessons is applied to elementary school secondary school students. For this reason, measuring academic achievements of these students in Turkish Language lessons can be possible by developing different measuring instruments for each fiel

The Predictive Power of Turkish Teachers’ Reflective Thinking Skills Perceptions in their Problem Solving Skills Perceptions

The Turkish education program has a great importance in terms of increasing the quality of education and training process and determining and developing the cognitive skills of students. The explanation of the relationship between the high-level thinking skills of Turkish teachers responsible for teaching the program and the Turkish education program reveals the necessity of the study. Accordingly, this research was created in order to determine the relationship between reflective thinking skills perceptions and problem solving skills perceptions that should be present in Turkish teaching. The sample of the study consists of 106 Turkish teachers who are working in eight districts of Kars Province. In this study, the Reflective Thinking Tendency Scale (YANDE) and Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. According to the findings, the relationships between total and sub-dimensions of Turkish teachers’ reflective thinking skills perceptions and their problem-solving skills perceptions were moderate. According to the findings; continuous and purposeful thinking, open-mindedness, questioner and effective teaching, teaching responsibility and scientificity, predictive and sincerity and professional perspective sub-dimensions of reflective thinking scale do not significantly predict any sub-dimension of problem solving. However, it is observed that the ‘researcher sub-dimension of the reflective thinking’ scale significantly predicts problem solving total scores, hasty approach scores, thinking approach scores and avoidant approach scores. The relationship between total and sub-dimensions of reflective thinking skills perceptions of Turkish teachers and total and sub-dimensions of problem solving skills perceptions was found to be at a moderate level. These thinking skills should be considered when planning activities in undergraduate and professional education to develop reflective thinking skills perceptions and problem solving skills perceptions of Turkish teachers