Traditional yogurt dilemma; rich flavor vs. microbial safety: An investigation on Volatile Aroma Profiles, Chemical, and Microbiological Qualities of Traditional Yogurts

This study aimed to bring out chemical, physical, and microbiological quality together with volatile aroma profiles of traditional yogurts collected from the highlands of Ordu and Giresun cities in the Black Sea Region (Turkey). For this purpose, 24 traditional yogurts, 20 of which were produced from cow milk and the remaining were produced from buffalo milk, were collected and analyzes were performed. The average dry matter, protein, fat, pH, total acidity (lactic acid%), viscosity (10 °C), and syneresis values for cow milk and buffalo milk yogurts were 12.68 vs. 14.44%, 3.51 vs. 4.13%, 4.51 vs. 6.55%, 3.80 vs. 3.78, 1.32 vs. 1.60%, 241.09 vs. 1009.21 cP, and 17.43 vs. 9.02%, respectively. The buffalo milk yogurts had higher dry matter, protein, fat, viscosity but lower syneresis values compared to those of cow milk yogurts. The lactic acid bacteria counts were under the required number of 107 for cow yogurts while yeast & mould counts were over 105 for both cow and buffalo yogurts. Moreover, five of the cow yogurts were found to have coliforms and one being contaminated with Escherichia coli indicating unhygienic production conditions. All yogurts contained acetaldehyde, acetoin, ethanol, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, hexanal, 2-Heptanaone, and 2-Nonanone while diacetyl could not be detected in any yogurt samples. Regarding their compositional values, homemade yogurts were acceptable however they were not appropriate for consumption microbiologically and require improved hygienic conditions for healthier products

Segmentation of orbital and periorbital lesions detected in orbital magnetic resonance imaging by deep learning method

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a special place in the evaluation of orbital and periorbital lesions. Segmentation is one of the deep learning methods. In this study, we aimed to perform segmentation in orbital and periorbital lesions. Material and methods: Contrast-enhanced orbital MRIs performed between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively screened, and 302 cross-sections of contrast-enhanced, fat-suppressed, T1-weighted, axial MRI images of 95 patients obtained using 3 T and 1.5 T devices were included in the study. The dataset was divided into 3: training, test, and validation. The number of training and validation data was increased 4 times by applying data augmentation (horizontal, vertical, and both). Pytorch UNet was used for training, with 100 epochs. The intersection over union (IOU) statistic (the Jaccard index) was selected as 50%, and the results were calculated. Results: The 77th epoch model provided the best results: true positives, 23; false positives, 4; and false negatives, 8. The precision, sensitivity, and F1 score were determined as 0.85, 0.74, and 0.79, respectively. Conclusions: Our study proved to be successful in segmentation by deep learning method. It is one of the pioneering studies on this subject and will shed light on further segmentation studies to be performed in orbital MR images

Investigation of variants of critically important antioxidant enzyme genes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Aim: To investigate the possible effects of polymorphisms in genes encoding some important antioxidant enzymes such as super oxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and catalase (CAT) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: Peripheral blood of 100 patients with PCOS and 100 healthy control group were collected, Polymorphisms in related genes was investigated by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, the related biochemical values of the patients were also investigated.Result: In our study there is no significant results for SOD2 gene but the results obtained between GPX1, eNOS and CAT genes were significant. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, triglyceride, waist circumference and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were found to be significant with the disease, whereas follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was found to be effective in preventing the disease.Conclusions: These findings suggest that polymorphisms in genes encoding GPX1, eNOS and CAT enzymes may be associated with PCOS. Additionally, it is thought that the genes of FBS, triglyceride, insulin, DHEAS and waist circumference are important in the pathogenesis of the disease in the presence of homozygous mutation

Effect of cartilage thickness mismatch in osteochondral grafting from knee to talus on articular contact pressures: A finite element analysis

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cartilage thickness mismatch on tibiotalar articular contact pressure in osteochondral grafting from femoral condyles to medial talar dome using a finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and methods: Flush-implanted osteochondral grafting was performed on the talar centromedial aspect of the dome using osteochondral plugs with two different cartilage thicknesses. One of the plugs had an equal cartilage thickness with the recipient talar cartilage and the second plug had a thicker cartilage representing a plug harvested from the knee. The ankle joint was loaded during a single-leg stance phase of gait. Tibiotalar contact pressure, frictional stress, equivalent stress (von Mises values), and deformation were analyzed. Results: In both osteochondral grafting simulations, tibiotalar contact pressure, frictional stress, equivalent stress (von Mises values) on both tibial and talar cartilage surfaces were restored to near-normal values. Conclusion: Cartilage thickness mismatch does not significantly change the tibiotalar contact biomechanics, when the graft is inserted flush with the talar cartilage surface

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Geochemical, petrological and geochronological observations on the metamorphic rocks of the Tauride belt ophiolites (S. Turkey)

La chaîne du Taurus (sud de la Turquie) comprend une succession de massifs ophiolitiques. Chacun d'eux possède une semelle métamorphique. Les principales roches constituant ces semelles sont des amphibolites qui se caractérisent, grâce à la géochimie des éléments en traces et des Terres Rares, en basaltes d'îles océaniques, en tholéites d'arcs ou en basaltes de rides. Ces roches sont regroupées par des filons doléritiques et gabbroïques tardifs. L'étude géothermobarométrique montre que ces amphibolites ont été métamorphisées à une température comprise entre 550 et 650°C sous une pression n'excédant pas 5 kb. Les datations géochronologiques ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar et K-Ar fournissent des âges absolus compris entre 90 et 93 Ma (Turonien-Cénomanien). En revanche, les filons doléritiques recoupant les amphibolites sont datés entre 63 et 88 Ma. Bien que démembrées, probablement durant une phase tardive, chaque massif ophiolitique des Taurus a été obducté sur la marge continentale en un seul bloc

THE PROCESSING AND CHARACTERIZATION EUROPIUM DOPED Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) NANO SCALE POWDERS FOR THIN FILM CAPACITOR

The present paper demonstrates synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of relaxor ferroelectric Eu(CH3COCHCOCH3)(3)center dot XH2O doped Lead Magnesium Niobate nano scale powders and PMN thin films on n-type Si substrates using sol-gel technique for capacitor applications. With this respect, transparent solutions were prepared from Pb, Mg and Nb based precursors, methyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid (GAA). After the sintering, the PMN powders were milled for 12 hours at room temperature to obtain PMN based nano scale powders. Finally, the powders were dispersed in alcohol and the obtained suspensions were deposited on n-type Si substrates using drop and spin coating systems and then annealed at 730 degrees C for 1 hour in air. Thermal, structural, microstructural, optical and mechanical properties of the powder and the coatings were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Shimadzu Dynamic Ultra Micro Hardness Testing (DUH), Scratch Tester