401 research outputs found
Generation of uncorrelated random scale-free networks
Uncorrelated random scale-free networks are useful null models to check the
accuracy an the analytical solutions of dynamical processes defined on complex
networks. We propose and analyze a model capable to generate random
uncorrelated scale-free networks with no multiple and self-connections. The
model is based on the classical configuration model, with an additional
restriction on the maximum possible degree of the vertices. We check
numerically that the proposed model indeed generates scale-free networks with
no two and three vertex correlations, as measured by the average degree of the
nearest neighbors and the clustering coefficient of the vertices of degree ,
respectively
Diffusion-annihilation processes in complex networks
We present a detailed analytical study of the
diffusion-annihilation process in complex networks. By means of microscopic
arguments, we derive a set of rate equations for the density of particles
in vertices of a given degree, valid for any generic degree distribution, and
which we solve for uncorrelated networks. For homogeneous networks (with
bounded fluctuations), we recover the standard mean-field solution, i.e. a
particle density decreasing as the inverse of time. For heterogeneous
(scale-free networks) in the infinite network size limit, we obtain instead a
density decreasing as a power-law, with an exponent depending on the degree
distribution. We also analyze the role of finite size effects, showing that any
finite scale-free network leads to the mean-field behavior, with a prefactor
depending on the network size. We check our analytical predictions with
extensive numerical simulations on homogeneous networks with Poisson degree
distribution and scale-free networks with different degree exponents.Comment: 9 pages, 5 EPS figure
Diffusion-annihilation processes in complex networks
We present a detailed analytical study of the
diffusion-annihilation process in complex networks. By means of microscopic
arguments, we derive a set of rate equations for the density of particles
in vertices of a given degree, valid for any generic degree distribution, and
which we solve for uncorrelated networks. For homogeneous networks (with
bounded fluctuations), we recover the standard mean-field solution, i.e. a
particle density decreasing as the inverse of time. For heterogeneous
(scale-free networks) in the infinite network size limit, we obtain instead a
density decreasing as a power-law, with an exponent depending on the degree
distribution. We also analyze the role of finite size effects, showing that any
finite scale-free network leads to the mean-field behavior, with a prefactor
depending on the network size. We check our analytical predictions with
extensive numerical simulations on homogeneous networks with Poisson degree
distribution and scale-free networks with different degree exponents.Comment: 9 pages, 5 EPS figure
Evolution of oxygen isotopic composition in the inner solar nebula
Changes in the chemical and isotopic composition of the solar nebula with
time are reflected in the properties of different constituents that are
preserved in chondritic meteorites. CR carbonaceous chondrites are among the
most primitive of all chondrite types and must have preserved solar nebula
records largely unchanged. We have analyzed the oxygen and magnesium isotopes
in a range of the CR constituents of different formation temperatures and ages,
including refractory inclusions and chondrules of various types. The results
provide new constraints on the time variation of the oxygen isotopic
composition of the inner (<5 AU) solar nebula - the region where refractory
inclusions and chondrules most likely formed. A chronology based on the decay
of short-lived 26Al (t1/2 ~ 0.73 Ma) indicates that the inner solar nebula gas
was 16O-rich when refractory inclusions formed, but less than 0.8 Ma later, gas
in the inner solar nebula became 16O-poor and this state persisted at least
until CR chondrules formed ~1-2 Myr later. We suggest that the inner solar
nebula became 16O-poor because meter-size icy bodies, which were enriched in
17,18O due to isotopic self-shielding during the ultraviolet photo dissociation
of CO in the protosolar molecular cloud or protoplanetary disk, agglomerated
outside the snowline, drifted rapidly towards the Sun, and evaporated at the
snowline. This led to significant enrichment in 16O-depleted water, which then
spread through the inner solar system. Astronomical studies of the spatial
and/or temporal variations of water abundance in protoplanetary disks may
clarify these processes.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figure
Characterization of Kepler targets based on medium-resolution LAMOST spectra analyzed with ROTFIT
In this work we present the results of our analysis of 16,300
medium-resolution LAMOST spectra of late-type stars in the Kepler field with
the aim of determining the stellar parameters, activity level, lithium
atmospheric content, and binarity. We have used a version of the code ROTFIT
specifically developed for these spectra. We provide a catalog with the
atmospheric parameters (Teff, log(g), and [Fe/H]), radial velocity (RV), and
projected rotation velocity (vsini). For cool stars (Teff < 6500 K), we also
calculated the H-alpha and LiI-6708 equivalent width, which are important
indicators of chromospheric activity and evolutionary stage, respectively. We
have derived the RV and atmospheric parameters for 14,300 spectra of 7443
stars. Literature data were used for a quality control of the results. The Teff
and log(g) values are in good agreement with the literature. The [Fe/H] values
appear to be overestimated for metal-poor stars. We propose a relation to
correct the [Fe/H] values derived with ROTFIT. We were able to identify
double-lined binaries, stars with variable RVs, lithium-rich giants, and
emission-line objects. Based on the H-alpha flux, we found 327 active stars. We
detected the LiI-6708 line and measure its equivalent width for 1657 stars,
both giants and stars on the main sequence. Regarding the latter, we performed
a discrete age classification based on the atmospheric lithium abundance and
the upper envelopes of a few open clusters. Among the giants, we found 195
Li-rich stars, 161 of which are reported here for the first time. No
relationship is found between stellar rotation and lithium abundance, which
allows us to rule out merger scenarios as the predominant explanation of the
enrichment of Li in our sample. The fraction of Li-rich giants, about 4%, is
higher than expected.Comment: 32 pages, 34 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Renewing Criminalized and Hegemonic Cultural Landscapes
The Mafia's long historical pedigree in Mezzogiorno, Southern Italy, has empowered the Mafioso as a notorious, uncontested, and hegemonic figure. The counter-cultural resistance against the mafiosi culture began to be institutionalized in the early 1990s. Today, Libera Terra is the largest civil society organization in the country that uses the lands confiscated from the Mafia as a space of cultural repertoire to realize its ideals. Deploying labor force through volunteer participation, producing biological fruits and vegetables, and providing information to the students on the fields are the principal cultural practices of this struggle. The confiscated lands make the Italian experience of anti-Mafia resistance a unique example by connecting the land with the ideals of cultural change. The sociocultural resistance of Libera Terra conveys a political message through these practices and utters that the Mafia is not invincible. This study draws the complex panorama of the Mafia and anti-Mafia movement that uses the âconfiscated landsâ as cultural and public spaces for resistance and socio-cultural change. In doing so, this article sheds new light on the relationship between rural criminology and crime prevention policies in Southern Italy by demonstrating how community development practice of Libera Terra changes the meaning of landscape through iconographic symbolism and ethnographic performance
Overview of the LAMOST- project
The NASA mission obtained long-term high-quality photometric
observations for a large number of stars in its original field of view from
2009 to 2013. In order to provide reliable stellar parameters in a homogeneous
way, the LAMOST telescope began to carry out low-resolution spectroscopic
observations for as many stars as possible in the field in 2012. By
September 2018, 238,386 low-resolution spectra with SNR had been
collected for 155,623 stars in the field, enabling the determination
of atmospheric parameters and radial velocities, as well as spectral
classification of the target stars. This information has been used by
astronomers to carry out research in various fields, including stellar
pulsations and asteroseismology, exoplanets, stellar magnetic activity and
flares, peculiar stars and the Milky Way, binary stars, etc. We summarize the
research progress in these fields where the usage of data from the
LAMOST- (LK) project has played a role. In addition, time-domain
medium-resolution spectroscopic observations have been carried out for about
12,000 stars in four central plates of the field since 2018. The
currently available results show that the LAMOST- medium resolution
(LK-MRS) observations provide qualified data suitable for research in
additional science projects including binaries, high-amplitude pulsating stars,
etc. As LAMOST is continuing to collect both low- and medium-resolution spectra
of stars in the field, we expect more data to be released continuously
and new scientific results to appear based on the LK project data.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, RAA accepte
Spectroscopic survey of Kepler stars. I. HERMES/Mercator observations of A- and F-type stars
The Kepler space mission provided near-continuous and high-precision photometry of about 207 000 stars, which can be used for asteroseismology. However, for successful seismic modeling it is equally important to have accurate stellar physical parameters. Therefore, supplementary ground-based data are needed. We report the results of the analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data of A- and F-type stars from the Kepler field, which were obtained with the HERMES spectrograph on the Mercator telescope. We determined spectral types, atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances for a sample of 117 stars. Hydrogen Balmer, Feâi, and Feâii lines were used to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, and microturbulent velocities. We determined chemical abundances and projected rotational velocities using a spectrum synthesis technique. The atmospheric parameters obtained were compared with those from the Kepler Input Catalogue (KIC), confirming that the KIC effective temperatures are underestimated for A stars. Effective temperatures calculated by spectral energy distribution fitting are in good agreement with those determined from the spectral line analysis. The analysed sample comprises stars with approximately solar chemical abundances, as well as chemically peculiar stars of the Am, Ap, and λ Boo types. The distribution of the projected rotational velocity, vsinâi, is typical for A and F stars and ranges from 8 to about 280 km sâ1, with a mean of 134 km sâ1
Scale-Free model for governing universe dynamics
We investigate the effects of scale-free model on cosmology, providing, in
this way, a statistical background in the framework of general relativity. In
order to discuss properties and time evolution of some relevant universe
dynamical parameters (cosmographic parameters), such as (Hubble
parameter), (deceleration parameter), (jerk parameter) and
(snap parameter), which are well re-defined in the framework of scale-free
model, we analyze a comparison between WMAP data. Hence the basic purpose of
the work is to consider this statistical interpretation of mass distribution of
universe, in order to have a mass density dynamics, not inferred from
Friedmann equations, via scale factor . This model, indeed, has been used
also to explain a possible origin and a viable explanation of cosmological
constant, which assumes a statistical interpretation without the presence of
extended theories of gravity; hence the problem of dark energy could be
revisited in the context of a classical probability distribution of mass, which
is, in particular, for the scale-free model, , with
. The CDM model becomes, with these considerations, a
consequence of the particular statistics together with the use of general
relativity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
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