Revision of the Chiapan deer mouse, Peromyscus zarhynchus, with the description of a new species

We analyzed morphometric and molecular variation among 8 populations of Peromyscus zarhynchus grouped into 5 pooled samples representing separate physiographic regions across the range of this species in Chiapas, Mexico, and western Guatemala. Mitochondrial sequence data identify 2 well-supported and reciprocally monophyletic clades, separating all Chiapas specimens from those in Guatemala. These 2 clades group as a strongly supported monophyletic lineage aligned with other members of the Peromyscus mexicanus species group. The Chiapas clade is further subdivided into 4 subclades: 1) samples from the western part of the state, 2) specimens from a single locality in Northern Chiapas, 3) all central localities, and 4) those from a single locality in Eastern Chiapas. The molecular distance in the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene (Cytb) between the 2 major clades is relatively low (mean p-distance = 3.66%); those between the 4 Chiapas subclades are even less (mean p-distance 2.73%). Multivariate analyses of external and craniodental morphometric variables also distinguish 2 major groups, separating Guatemalan from Chiapas samples but with the latter also divided into 2 subgroups, one that segregates the Northern Chiapas sample from those distributed elsewhere in that state. The Guatemalan and Chiapas samples differ in both cranial size and shape variables. The second-level separation of samples from within Chiapas (northern versus all others) is interpreted to result from the combination of local adaptation to distinct physiographic regions and geographic isolation generated by patches of suitable habitat. We describe the Guatemalan samples as a distinct species based on their molecular and morphological uniqueness, and argue that P. zarhynchus itself is divided into definable subspecies, with the nominotypical form P. z. zarhynchus, restricted to the vicinity of its type locality (Tumbalá) in Northern Chiapas, and P. z. cristobalensis with type locality of San Cristobal, over the remainder of the species range in the state

The impact of cultural dissonance and acculturation orientations on immigrant students' academic performance

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo; Redalyc.Prior research has documented meaningful differences between school performance of immigrant and native students. Multicultural education has been associated with academic failure of foreign students. e aim of this study was to examine the impact of a set of psychosocial variables on the perceived academic achievement of first generation immigrant adolescents from public secondary schools in Northern Spain. Results showed that 46% of the variability in foreign students’ perceived academic performance was explained by home-school cultural dissonance. We also explored the impact of acculturation orientation to separation, perception of discrimination from teachers, school adjustment, and psychological well-being in academic performance. Any multicultural education context should take into account psychosocial adjustment, given its influence on academic performance of all studentsSe han hallado diferencias significativas entre el rendimiento académico de los inmigrantes y el de los estudiantes nativos. Sin embargo, hay una escasa evidencia acerca de los aspectos psicosociales de este fenómeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el impacto de un conjunto de variables psicosociales: disonancia cultural y orientaciones de aculturación en el rendimiento académico percibido de adolescentes inmigrantes de primera generación de centros de Educación Secundaria en el Norte de España. Los resultados mostraron que alrededor del 46% de la variabilidad en el rendimiento era explicada por la disonancia cultural entre escuela y hogar. Cualquier contexto de educación multicultural ha de tomar en consideración el ajuste psicosocial, dada su influencia en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.http://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/647/64753989003/index.htm

A Rational Approach to Cryptographic Protocols

This work initiates an analysis of several cryptographic protocols from a rational point of view using a game-theoretical approach, which allows us to represent not only the protocols but also possible misbehaviours of parties. Concretely, several concepts of two-person games and of two-party cryptographic protocols are here combined in order to model the latters as the formers. One of the main advantages of analysing a cryptographic protocol in the game-theory setting is the possibility of describing improved and stronger cryptographic solutions because possible adversarial behaviours may be taken into account directly. With those tools, protocols can be studied in a malicious model in order to find equilibrium conditions that make possible to protect honest parties against all possible strategies of adversaries

Some Aspects in Cosmological Perturbation Theory and ƒ (R) Gravity

General Relativity, the currently accepted theory of gravity, has not been thoroughly tested on very large scales. Therefore, alternative or extended models provide a viable alternative to Einstein’s theory. In this thesis I present the results of my research projects together with the Grupo de Gravitación y Cosmología at Universidad Nacional de Colombia; such projects were motivated by my time at Bonn University. In the first part, we address the topics related with the metric ƒ (R) gravity, including the study of the boundary term for the action in this theory. The Geodesic Deviation Equation (GDE) in metric ƒ (R) gravity is also studied. Finally, the results are applied to the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime metric and some perspectives on use the of GDE as a cosmological tool are commented. The second part discusses a proposal of using second order cosmological perturbation theory to explore the evolution of cosmic magnetic fields. The main result is a dynamo-like cosmological equation for the evolution of the magnetic fields. The couplings between the perturbations in the metric and the magnetic fields are present in the dynamo equation, opening a new perspective in the amplification of magnetic fields at early stages of the universe expansion. The final part of this work is in the field of stellar kinematics in galaxies. It is a project that started at Sternwarte-Bonn Institut some years ago. Here we study the stellar and gas kinematics in HCG 90. Furthermore, we analyze the rotation curves and velocity dispersion profiles for the galaxies in the core of the group. Some possible future applications of the work are discuss

Distribution, morphology and habitats of saline wetlands : a case study from Monegros, Spain

Wetlands in semiarid regions have received less attention than wetlands in humidtemperate areas, and the limited amount of information has resulted in little regulatory recognition. A comprehensive map of the saline wetlands that occur in karstic depressions in the semiarid region of Monegros, NE Spain, was developed from historical data, topography, and surveys of vascular flora. Playa-lakes and other saline depressions are expressions of solution dolines largely founded on groundwater dynamics and favored by the limestone and gypsum-rich substrate. Substrate composition, groundwater dynamics, and the network of infilled valleys are key factors in the distribution of the wetlands. In spite of the anthropogenic imprint, wetlands morphometrics are the expression of geological processes. Significant correlations were found between basin area and depth, and between elongation and substrate composition. The predominantly subelongated shape of the Monegros saline wetlands (MSW) reflects their origin and a geometry strongly influenced by fractures. Grouping the MSW based on geological and vegetation features, provide a predictable relationship of surficial processes with the occurrence of otherwise complex and undetectable hydrological connectivity. Our ten geologybased Groups showed a high intra-group variation in depth, elongation, and vegetation cover. The eight vegetation-based categories mirror the gradation in flooding frequency and the soil salinity of MSW. The significant contrasts existing in-between the groups of wetlands and the disclosure of their causal factors provides a functional perspective at the landscape scale. This approach will help to monitor the ongoing environmental alterations associated with new on-farm irrigation developments

Railway deformation detected by DInSAR over active sinkholes in the Ebro Valley evaporite karst, Spain

Subsidence was measured for the first time on railway tracks in the central sector of Ebro Valley (NE Spain) using Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques. This area is affected by evaporite karst and the analysed railway corridors traverse active sinkholes that produce deformations in these infrastructures. One of the railway tracks affected by slight settlements is the Madrid-Barcelona high-speed line, a form of transport infrastructure highly vulnerable to ground deformation processes. Our analysis based on DInSAR measurements and geomorphological surveys indicates that this line shows dissolution-induced subsidence and compaction of anthropogenic deposits (infills and embankments). Significant sinkhole-related subsidence was also measured by DInSAR techniques on the Castejón-Zaragoza conventional railway line. This study demonstrates that DInSAR velocity maps, coupled with detailed geomorphological surveys, may help in the identification of the railway track sections that are affected by active subsidence

Path Integral Approach to Strongly Nonlinear Composite

We study strongly nonlinear disordered media using a functional method. We solve exactly the problem of a nonlinear impurity in a linear host and we obtain a Bruggeman-like formula for the effective nonlinear susceptibility. This formula reduces to the usual Bruggeman effective medium approximation in the linear case and has the following features: (i) It reproduces the weak contrast expansion to the second order and (ii) the effective medium exponent near the percolation threshold are $s=1$, $t=1+\kappa$, where $\kappa$ is the nonlinearity exponent. Finally, we give analytical expressions for previously numerically calculated quantities.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Poisson-Lie groups, bi-Hamiltonian systems and integrable deformations

Producción CientíficaGiven a Lie-Poisson completely integrable bi-Hamiltonian system on R^n, we present a method which allows us to construct, under certain conditions, a completely integrable bi-Hamiltonian deformation of the initial Lie-Poisson system on a non-abelian Poisson-Lie group G_eta of dimension n, where eta \in R is the deformation parameter. Moreover, we show that from the two multiplicative (Poisson-Lie) Hamiltonian structures on G_eta that underly the dynamics of the deformed system and by making use of the group law on G_eta, one may obtain two completely integrable Hamiltonian systems on G_eta x G_eta. By construction, both systems admit reduction, via the multiplication in G_eta, to the deformed bi-Hamiltonian system in G_eta. The previous approach is applied to two relevant Lie-Poisson completely integrable bi-Hamiltonian systems: the Lorenz and Euler top systems

Analgésicos en el manejo del dolor

We have performed an inquiry in 692 drug stores ofLima in order to know the disposal of the differents analgesics utilized in pain treatment. We found that the 12% are drugs for the visceral pain treatment and 88% are drugs for soma tic pain treatment.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs constitute the 68 % of total analgesics disposal while opiods are only the 5% of the total, and morphine only the 0,1% of all pharmacologycal analgesic groups.Se realiza una encuesta en 692 farmacias y boticas de Lima Metropolitana para conocer la venta de los fármacos utilizados en el tratamiento de las diferentes variedades de dolor. Encontramos que el 12% corresponden a los fármacos utilizados para tratar el dolor visceral y el 88% a los fármacos para tratar el dolor somático. Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos constituyen los analgésicos de mayor venta (68%) y los opioides los de menor venta con sólo el 5%, la diferencia corresponde al acetaminofén y pirazolonas por igual con el 13% cada uno

Participation of the leading representatives of the community in the CLAS of Chiclayo, Lambayeque, September - December, 2007

Los Comités locales de administración en salud (CLAS) son instituciones legales privadas, no lucrativas; administradas por siete miembros que forman la asamblea general. El propósito del estudio fue determinar el nivel de participación de los líderes en los CLAS de Chiclayo - Perú,durante el periodo septiembre - diciembre 2007. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través de un cuestionario, en relación a las normas dadas para el funcionamiento de los CLAS, los que fueron procesados con Microsoft Excel. Los resultados indican que el buen funcionamiento de los CLAS se rigen por la actitud de involucramiento de sus miembros, comprometidos en la promoción de los principios esenciales de la administración compartida; sin embargo, se encontró una debilidad en los integrantes que es la indiferencia. Es escasa la capacidad logística para enfrentar el reto. El tiempo de dedicación y el nivel de educación, está relacionada con el dinamismo y el desarrollo de sus funciones. El 56,94% de los represenatantes tienen secundaria completa, hecho que influye en su participación y en la calidad de sus ideas. Se concluye que mejor funcionamiento como asociación presentó el CLAS de Monsefú, mientras que el CLAS con menor grado de participación es Oyotún. Asimismo, se concluye que existe relación entre el nivel de instrucción y el aporte de ideas de los miembros que integran los CLAS.Abstract : The local Committees of health administration (CLAS) are legal, private, non-lucrative institutions; administered by seven members who conform the general assembly. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of participation of the leaders in the CLAS of Chiclayo - Peru, during September - December, 2007. The data was obtained from a ques-tionnaire in relation to legal norms for the functioning of CLAS, which was procesed with Microsoft Excel. The results indicate that the good functioning of the CLAS depends upon the attitude of involvement of its members, engaged in promoting the basic principles of shared administration; however a weakness in the members was found indiffe rence. There is a limited logistical capacity to confront the challenge. The time commitment and the instruction level are related to the dynamism and development of their functions. 56.94% of the representatives have complete High School studies, which is related to their participation and the quality of their ideas during the meetings. We concluded that CLAS Monsefú shows a better functioning, while Oyotún is the CLAS with the lesser degree of participation. Also, we concluded that there is a relationship between the instruction level and the ideas given by members during their meetings