Desenvolvimento das fases imaturas de Chrysoperla externa alimentadas com ninfas de Bemisia tabaci criadas em três hospedeiros

Insects of the Chrysopidae family have been found on eggs and nymphs of whitefly in several ecosystems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the duration and survival of the immature stages of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861), fed on nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) biotype B reared on leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), kale (Brassica oleracea) or wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla). Leaf discs from the hosts containing nymphs of whitefly were placed in Petri dishes containing 1% agar and maintained at 25±1ºC, 70±10% RH and a 12-hour photophase. One recently hatched larvae of C. externa was placed in each dish, in ten replications. The duration and survival of each instar, larval, prepupal and pupal phases were determined, as well as the weight after 24 hours in each instar and phase of development was recorded. The species of host plant of the whitefly affected the duration of the first and third instar of C. externa larvae, with a reduction in the larval period when they were fed on preys from cucumber leaves. Prepupal phase was lengthened in wild poinsettia leaves. Weights were affected by the kind of the whitefly host, however, this effect do not affect the survival of the immature stages.Insetos da família Chrysopidae têm sido encontrados em ovos e ninfas de moscas-brancas em diferentes agroecossistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a duração e a viabilidade das fases imaturas de Chrysoperla externa alimentada com ninfas de Bemisia tabaci, biótipo B, criadas em folhas de pepino (Cucumis sativus), couve (Brassica oleracea) e na erva adventícia leiteiro (Euphorbia heterophylla). Discos foliares dos hospedeiros contendo ninfas da mosca-branca foram acondicionados em placas de Petri contendo ágar-água a 1% e mantidos a 25±1ºC, 70±10% UR e fotófase de 12 horas. Em cada placa foi colocada uma larva de C. externa recém-eclodida, num total de dez repetições. Avaliaram-se a duração e a viabilidade de cada ínstar, de toda fase de larva, das fases de pré-pupa e pupa e peso após 24 horas de idade em cada estádio e fase do desenvolvimento. A espécie de planta hospedeira da mosca-branca afetou a duração do primeiro e terceiro ínstares de C. externa, registrando-se redução no período larval, quando alimentadas com presas oriundas de folhas de pepino. A fase de pré-pupa foi prolongada quando utilizadas folhas de leiteiro. Os pesos foram afetados pelo tipo de hospedeiro do aleirodídeo, porém esse efeito não influencia a viabilidade das fases imaturas

Oxidative and carbon fractions of microbial biomass of soils in sugarcane cultivation systems

A Cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é uma cultura de grande importância no cenário brasileiro, o seu manejo influencia diretamente nos atributos do solo, independente do sistema de cultivo, seja ele convencional ou orgânico. O sistema, bem como o cultivo podem alterar as frações de carbono no solo, que pode ser avaliada e monitorada através do acumulo de carbono ou de suas frações contidas na matéria orgânica, uma vez que diversas funções e processos físicos, químicos e biológicos que acontecem no solo têm relação direta com a matéria orgânica. Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar os teores do carbono orgânico total (COT), das frações oxidáveis e do carbono da biomassa microbiana presentes nos solos manejados com diferentes sistemas de cultivo em Goianésia. Avaliou-se os sistemas convencional e orgânico, com e sem aplicação de vinhaça em três idades de corte (2º, 4º e 6º cortes). O manejo do cultivo de cana-de-açúcar em sistema orgânico contribui para o incremento dos teores de carbono orgânico total do solo e o carbono da biomassa microbiana. O uso de vinhaça é uma prática que incrementa carbono orgânico nos solos sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. A idade de corte não apresenta relação linear nos teores de carbono total e das frações analisadasSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great importance in the Brazilian scenario, its management directly influences the attributes of the soil, independent of the cultivation system, be it conventional or organic. The system as well as cultivation can alter the fractions of carbon in the soil, which can be evaluated and monitored through the accumulation of carbon or its fractions contained in organic matter, since various physical, chemical and biological functions and processes occur in the soil are directly related to organic matter. The objective of this work was to verify the levels of total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable fractions and microbial biomass carbon present in soils managed with different cropping systems in Goianésia. It was evaluated the conventional and organic systems, with and without vinasse application in three cutting ages (2nd, 4th and 6th cuts). The management of sugarcane cultivation in the organic system contributes to the increase of the total organic carbon content of the soil and the carbon of the microbial biomass. The use of vinasse is a practice that increases organic carbon in soils under sugarcane cultivation. The cut age does not present a linear relationship in the total carbon contents and the fractions analyzed

Cytonuclear interactions remain stable during allopolyploid evolution despite repeated whole-genome duplications in Brassica

Several plastid macromolecular protein complexes are encoded by both nuclear and plastid genes. Therefore, cytonuclear interactions are held in place to prevent genomic conflicts that may lead to incompatibilities. Allopolyploidy resulting from hybridization and genome doubling of two divergent species can disrupt these fine-tuned interactions, as newly formed allopolyploid species confront biparental nuclear chromosomes with a uniparentally inherited plastid genome. To avoid any deleterious effects of unequal genome inheritance, preferential transcription of the plastid donor over the other donor has been hypothesized to occur in allopolyploids. We used Brassica as a model to study the effects of paleopolyploidy in diploid parental species, as well as the effects of recent and ancient allopolyploidy in Brassica napus, on genes implicated in plastid protein complexes. We first identified redundant nuclear copies involved in those complexes. Compared with cytosolic protein complexes and with genome-wide retention rates, genes involved in plastid protein complexes show a higher retention of genes in duplicated and triplicated copies. Those redundant copies are functional and are undergoing strong purifying selection. We then compared transcription patterns and sequences of those redundant gene copies between resynthesized allopolyploids and their diploid parents. The neopolyploids showed no biased subgenome expression or maternal homogenization via gene conversion, despite the presence of some non-synonymous substitutions between plastid genomes of parental progenitors. Instead, subgenome dominance was observed regardless of the maternal progenitor. Our results provide new insights on the evolution of plastid protein complexes that could be tested and generalized in other allopolyploid species

Spectrochemical analysis in blood plasma combined with subsequent chemometrics for fibromyalgia detection

Fibromyalgia is a rheumatologic condition characterized by multiple and chronic body pain, and other typical symptoms such as intense fatigue, anxiety and depression. It is a very complex disease where treatment is often made by non-medicated alternatives in order to alleviate symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life. Herein, we propose a method to detect patients with fibromyalgia (n = 252, 126 controls and 126 patients with fibromyalgia) through the analysis of their blood plasma using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric techniques, hence, providing a low-cost, fast and accurate diagnostic approach. Different chemometric algorithms were tested to classify the spectral data; genetic algorithm with linear discriminant analysis (GA-LDA) achieved the best diagnostic results with a sensitivity of 89.5% in an external test set. The GA-LDA model identified 24 spectral wavenumbers responsible for class separation; amongst these, the Amide II (1,545 cm−1) and proteins (1,425 cm−1) were identified to be discriminant features. These results reinforce the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis as a new tool to screen and detect patients with fibromyalgia in a fast, low-cost, non-destructive and minimally invasive fashion

Prevenção de alto índice de massa corporal e transtornos alimentares: meta-análise

Transtornos alimentares (TA) e o alto Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) são dois problemas de saúde pública com impactos significativos na saúde e nos custos. Estudos anteriores foram realizados para estabelecimento de intervenções eficazes na prevenção desses problemas. Este artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer as intervenções na prevenção de transtornos alimentares e do alto índice de massa corporal através de ensaios controlados randomizados ou quase randomizados. As bases de dados eletrônicas foram pesquisadas em outubro de 2022, cujos critérios de inclusão foram artigos que constituíram ensaios randomizados ou quase randomizados que avaliaram alguma intervenção preventiva e relataram transtornos alimentares relacionados aos resultados de IMC. A síntese narrativa quanto a meta-análise foram utilizadas para sintetizar os resultados. O viés de publicação também foi investigado. Dos estudos incluídos nesta análise (figura 01) o principal objetivo deles foi a prevenção de transtornos alimentares (n=23), prevenção de IMC alto (n=21) e prevenção de TA e IMC alto (n=10). Os resultados da meta-análise indicaram que as intervenções preventivas tiveram um efeito significativo em vários resultados como preocupações com a forma e peso, insatisfação corporal, afeto negativo, sintomas de transtorno alimentar e internalização, com tamanhos de efeito variando de -0,16 (IC 95% - 0,27, - 0,06) a – 0,61 (IC 95% - 0,29, - 0,04). Apesar de vários estudos que demonstraram impactos positivos no IMC, não houve efeito significativo nas medidas relacionadas ao IMC na meta-análise. O risco de viés de publicação foi baixo para a maioria dos resultados de efeito agrupado. As intervenções preventivas foram eficazes para IMC alto ou TAs. Contudo, as evidências são limitadas para mostrar que as atuais intervenções preventivas foram eficazes na redução de ambos os resultados. Mais pesquisas são necessárias para explorar os fatores de risco que são compartilhados por esses distúrbios relacionados ao peso, bem como intervenções de prevenção eficazes

Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red PBM as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 from a zebrafish model. RT-PCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that rSpike was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a, coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern like those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment decreased the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike-treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipids metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19, and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials.publishedVersio

Os mártires e a cristianização do território na América portuguesa, séculos XVI e XVII

O artigo investiga um grupo de atores sociais bastante relevante para viabilizar a cristianização na América portuguesa: os mártires cristãos, indivíduos muito especiais, dispostos a regar a terra com seu próprio sangue, de forma a tornar definitiva e irreversível a ocupação cristã do território. Os mártires - e principalmente a narrativa em torno deles - parecem ter sido bastante acionados para integrar a América portuguesa e seus habitantes nativos à temporalidade e territorialidade cristã. Os mártires dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente missionários, reeditavam os martírios do início da cristandade, que espalharam o cristianismo rumo a diversas partes do mundo na antiguidade. Dessa forma, viabilizaram a cristianização das novas fronteiras, consagrando o solo com seu sangue divino e viabilizando posteriores processos de urbanização. Além da função estratégica dos mártires para os cristãos, o texto mostra que eles também tiveram significado peculiar na interlocução com as culturas ameríndias, que tinha como um de seus principais personagens o grande guerreiro, disposto a perder seu sangue em prol de seu grupo.This paper looks into a group of social agents who played a significant role in the Christianization of Portuguese America, namely, the Christian martyrs - very special individuals who were ready to wet the land with their own blood in order to make possible a definitive and irreversible occupation of the territory by Christian settlers. The martyrs, and above all the stories told about them, seem to have been called upon to integrate Portuguese America and its native inhabitants into the temporalities and territory of Christendom. Mostly made up of missionaries, this group of 16th and 17th-century martyrs reedited the martyrdom of early Christians, who spread their creed across numerous parts of the Ancient World. They enabled the Christianization of new frontiers by consecrating the soil with their divine blood and paving the way for subsequent processes of urban development. In addition to their strategic significance for Christianity, the text also shows that their martyrdom played a specific role in the Christian settlers' interaction with Amerindian culture, whose main cults included the figure of the great warrior, ever ready to shed his own blood for his group

A TECNOLOGIA COMO DISPOSITIVO DO ATENDIMENTO HUMANIZADO NA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA À SAÚDE

Over the years, it has been observed that technology has been advancing more and more and has contributed significantly to people's lives, as well as to important areas such as health, because, based on these tools, it becomes possible to develop care faster and more humanized to patients who seek primary health care to obtain medical assistance. Thus, the research aims to explain the relevance of technology as a device for humanized care in primary health care. The methodology used consisted of the literature review method in order to obtain concise information about the objective of the work, with articles published from 2019 to 2022 available on Scielo, Lilacs and PubMed. Researches that were lower than 2019 were excluded, as well as those whose content was not in Portuguese, which would make the researchers' verification and analysis process difficult. In this way, the results pointed to the benefits caused by technology, enabling better care in terms of medical consultations, exams and guidance to patients, making humanized care in primary health care an essential factor. Concluding on the need to expand technology as a humanized device in all primary health care units, considering that some locations do not have these tools, because, in addition to promoting effectiveness in terms of faster assistance, it enables the minimization queue for appointments and exams.Com o passar dos anos, observa-se que a tecnologia vem avançando cada vez mais e contribuído de forma significativa na vida das pessoas, como também para áreas importantes como a da saúde, pois, a partir dessas ferramentas que torna-se possível desenvolver atendimento mais rápidos e humanizado aos pacientes que buscam atenção básica de saúde para obter assistência médica. Assim, a pesquisa objetiva explicar sobre a relevância da tecnologia como dispositivo do atendimento humanizado na atenção básica à saúde. A metodologia utilizada consistiu no método revisão de literatura com o intuito de obter informações concisas a respeito do objetivo do trabalho, sendo inserido artigos publicados no período de 2019 a 2022 disponíveis na Scielo, Lilacs e PubMed. Sendo excluídas pesquisas que estavam inferior a 2019, bem como aquelas cujo conteúdo não era língua portuguesa, o que dificultaria o processo de verificação e análise dos pesquisadores. Dessa forma, os resultados apontaram sobre os benefícios ocasionados pela tecnologia, possibilitando melhores atendimentos em termos de consultas médicas, exames e orientações aos pacientes, tornando o atendimento humanizado na atenção básica à saúde como um fator imprescindível. Concluindo-se sobre a necessidade de ampliar a tecnologia como dispositivo humanizado em todas as unidades de atenção básica à saúde, tendo em vista que algumas localidades não dispõem dessas ferramentas, pois, além de promover eficácia em termos de assistência mais rápida, possibilita a minimização da fila de espera por atendimentos e exames

In Vitro Evaluation of a Soluble Leishmania Promastigote Surface Antigen as a Potential Vaccine Candidate against Human Leishmaniasis

International audiencePSA (Promastigote Surface Antigen) belongs to a family of membrane-bound and secreted proteins present in severalLeishmania (L.) species. PSA is recognized by human Th1 cells and provides a high degree of protection in vaccinated mice.We evaluated humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a L. amazonensis PSA protein (LaPSA-38S) produced in aL. tarentolae expression system. This was done in individuals cured of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. major (CCLm) or L.braziliensis (CCLb) or visceral leishmaniasis due to L. donovani (CVLd) and in healthy individuals. Healthy individuals weresubdivided into immune (HHR-Lm and HHR-Li: Healthy High Responders living in an endemic area for L. major or L. infantuminfection) or non immune/naive individuals (HLR: Healthy Low Responders), depending on whether they produce high orlow levels of IFN-c in response to Leishmania soluble antigen. Low levels of total IgG antibodies to LaPSA-38S were detectedin sera from the studied groups. Interestingly, LaPSA-38S induced specific and significant levels of IFN-c, granzyme B and IL-10 in CCLm, HHR-Lm and HHR-Li groups, with HHR-Li group producing TNF-a in more. No significant cytokine response wasobserved in individuals immune to L. braziliensis or L. donovani infection. Phenotypic analysis showed a significant increasein CD4+ T cells producing IFN-c after LaPSA-38S stimulation, in CCLm. A high positive correlation was observed between thepercentage of IFN-c-producing CD4+ T cells and the released IFN-c. We showed that the LaPSA-38S protein was able toinduce a mixed Th1 and Th2/Treg cytokine response in individuals with immunity to L. major or L. infantum infectionindicating that it may be exploited as a vaccine candidate. We also showed, to our knowledge for the first time, the capacityof Leishmania PSA protein to induce granzyme B production in humans with immunity to L. major and L. infantum infectio