Diseño, implementación y simulación de un proceso de ensamblaje por prensado controlado con músculo neumático y monitoreado con sistema SCADA

Diseño, implementación y simulación de un proceso de ensamblaje por prensado controlado con músculo neumático y monitoreado con sistema SCADA, realizado en la Facultad de Informática y Electrónica, escuela de Ingeniería Electrónica en Control y Redes Industriales de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. El objetivo es obtener un sistema de control adecuado para aplicar una determinada fuerza sobre un área específica mediante un músculo neumático para que la pieza sea ensamblada correctamente. Para la optimización del proceso se usó métodos experimentales, lógicos y de medición por medio del software Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) Portal v10.5 con la finalidad de linealizar las señales del sistema. Las herramientas para implementar el sistema son principalmente el software Scada Industrial WinCC 2008, Controlador Lógico Programable (PLC) s7-1200 que controla el automatismo, instrumentación y sensores, HMI KTP 600 conectados mediante una red Industrial Ethernet por medio de un router, un completo Sistema de Adquisición de Datos y Control Supervisor (SCADA), actuadores como motores, cilindros y el músculo neumático. Los resultados numéricos principales obtenidos en el transcurso de la simulación e implementación del proyecto son curvas estables con variaciones de ±0.5 psi respecto al valor de consigna, entradas y salidas analógicas al PLC entre 0 y 10 Voltios, valores lógicos de 0 y 24 Voltios. Concluimos que las pruebas para dotar de mayor precisión al control del músculo neumático fueron satisfactorias, se monitorea dinámicamente el proceso, además se logra fortalecer los laboratorios con nuevas tecnologías para el desarrollo en el aprendizaje del estudiante. Se recomienda incursionar en el uso de controles modernos para lograr mejor aprovechamiento de las capacidades del Músculo Neumático en ámbito industrial

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research