Fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine during second trimester of pregnancy: case report and literature review

Spinal fractures associated with spinal cord injury rarely affect pregnant patients. The authors present the case of a 20-year-old woman in her 20th week of pregnancy, who suffered fracture-dislocation of the thoracic spine (T4-T5) and underwent decompression, reduction and posterior fusion with pedicle screws. Despite the complete spinal cord injury presented, the pregnancy progressed uneventfully and resulted in birth via normal delivery of a healthy newborn at term. Some particular features of this case, like the care needed in using ionizing radiation, the surgical approach and delivery, use of steroids and pregnancy complications in such patients are discussed here. Only a multidisciplinary team composed by physicians from different specialties (spinal surgeons, obstetricians and physiatrists), nurses and physiotherapists is capable of assisting pregnant patients with spinal cord injuries satisfactorily.Fraturas da coluna vertebral associadas à lesão medular raramente acometem pacientes gestantes. Os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher de 20 anos de idade, com gestação de 20 semanas, que sofreu fratura-luxação da coluna torácica (T4-T5) e foi submetida a descompressão, redução e artrodese posterior com parafusos pediculares. Apesar de apresentar lesão medular completa, a gestação evoluiu sem intercorrências e resultou no nascimento, por parto normal, de uma criança saudável a termo. Algumas particularidades, como o cuidado com o uso de radiação ionizante, via de acesso cirúrgico e de parto, corticoterapia e complicações gestacionais em pacientes nessas condições são discutidas neste artigo. Somente uma equipe multidisciplinar, formada por médicos de diferentes especialidades (cirurgiões de coluna, obstetras e fisiatras), enfermeiras e fisioterapeutas é capaz de assistir a essas pacientes de modo satisfatório.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Metropolitana de SantosUNIFESPSciEL

Estudo demográfico de pacientes portadores de deformidades de coluna vertebral que aguardam cirurgia em hospital terciário de alta complexidade Estudio demográfico de pacientes con deformidades de la columna en espera de cirugía en hospital de tercer nivel de alta complejidad Demographic study of patients with spinal deformities who are awaiting surgery in a tertiary hospital of high complexity

OBJETIVO: Definir as características demográficas dos pacientes portadores de deformidades secundárias da coluna vertebral que aguardam em fila de espera para tratamento cirúrgico em hospital terciário de alta complexidade. MÉTODOS: As informações foram obtidas através dos prontuários dos pacientes no período previamente definido. Os dados foram selecionados conforme os critérios já apresentados e manipulados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: O estudo incluiu um total de 170 pacientes, dos quais 94 eram do sexo feminino com idades entre 1 e 58 anos, e 76 do sexo masculino com idade entre 1 e 26 anos. Entre as deformidades encontradas foram identificadas: escolioses congênitas por segmentação (6 ou 3,5%), formação (39 ou 22,9%), mistas (34 ou 20,0%) e complexas (14 ou 8,2%), escolioses neuromusculares por paralisia cerebral (PC) (54 ou 31,8%), miopatia (11 ou 6,5%), artrogripose (2 ou 1,2%) e escolioses por neurofibromatose (10 ou 5,9%). CONCLUSÃO: Existe uma considerável lista de pacientes portadores de deformidades de coluna vertebral que aguardam em fila de espera para tratamento cirúrgico por um período muitas vezes bastante prolongado. Este fato acarreta um problema social de difícil manuseio e quando somadas, escoliose neuromuscular e escoliose congênita são responsáveis pela grande maioria dos casos que aguardam cirurgia.<br>OBJETIVO: Definir las características demográficas de los pacientes con deformidades secundarias de la columna vertebral en la lista de espera para el tratamiento quirúrgico en un hospital de tercer nivel de complejidad alta. MÉTODOS: Las informaciones fueron obtenidas de los archivos de pacientes en período predefinido. Los datos fueron seleccionados de acuerdo con los criterios ya presentados y manipulados estadísticamente. RESULTADOS: En el estudio participaron un total de 170 pacientes, de los cuales 94 eran mujeres de edades comprendidas entre 1 y 58, y 76 varones de edades comprendidas entre 1 y 26 años. Entre las malformaciones encontradas fueron identificadas: escoliosis congénita por segmentación (6 o 3,5%), formación (39 o 22,9%), mixta (34 o 20,0%) y compleja (14 o 8.2%), escoliosis neuromuscular en la parálisis cerebral (PC) (54 o 31,8%), miopatía (11 o 6,5%), artrogriposis (2 o 1,2%) y escoliosis por neurofibromatosis (10 o 5,9%). CONCLUSIÓN: Hay una lista considerable de pacientes con deformidades de la columna que aguardan en lista de espera por el tratamiento quirúrgico a menudo durante un período bastante prolongado. Este hecho produce un problema social difícil de manejar cuando se añaden escoliosis neuromuscular y escoliosis congénita, es responsable de la gran mayoría de los casos en la espera de la cirugía.<br>OBJECTIVE: Set the demographic characteristics of patients with secondary deformities of the spine waiting for surgical treatment in a tertiary hospital of high complexity. METHODS: Information was obtained from patient charts in the predefined period. The data were selected according to the criteria already presented and manipulated statistically. RESULTS: The study included a total of 170 patients, of which 94 were female aged between 1 and 58 years, and 76 males aged between 1 and 26 years. Among the deformities found the following were identified: congenital scoliosis were identified by segmentation (6 or 3.5%), formation (39 or 22.9%), mixed (34 or 20.0%) and complex (14 or 8.2%), neuromuscular scoliosis in cerebral palsy (PC) (54 or 31.8%), myopathy (11 or 6.5%), arthrogryposis (2 or 1.2%) and scoliosis in neurofibromatosis (10 or 5.9%). CONCLUSION: There is a considerable list of patients with spinal deformities waiting for surgical treatment for a period of time often quite prolonged. This fact leads to a social problem difficult to handle and when added together, neuromuscular scoliosis and congenital scoliosis are responsible for the vast majority of cases awaiting surgery

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals