Um “retrato” das características limnológicas das lagoas de uma planície de inundação tropical : influência relativa do clima e do uso da terra

Aim This study aimed to investigate the relative influence of climate (temperature and precipitation) and land use on limnological features of 30 floodplain lakes in the Araguaia River, in Central Brazil, an important river that drains in the Brazilian Cerrado. Methods The lakes were sampled in one same period, at a large spatial scale (900 km along the river) covering climate and landscape variability. For decomposing the relative importance of land use and climate, we used the RDA and partitioning variance techniques. Results The lakes presented limnological gradient along the floodplain; in general, the lakes presented low transparency, nutrients concentrations ​​(total nitrogen and total phosphorus) and oxygen saturation. The water pH was considered weakly acidic. Considering land use in Araguaia river basin, lakes in downstream presented more remnant vegetation and lakes in upstream presented more livestock and agriculture soil use. The climate conditions were the most important in explaining the variation in limnological characteristics of the lakes, while the individual analysis of limnological variables showed that land use was important to explain to the pH and transparency of the water. Conclusions Finally, this study showed the importance of investigating regional climatic attributes and land use information to explain the limnological characterization of floodplain lakes. Thus, it highlights the importance of the possible impacts of global climate change on limnological conditions.Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a influência relativa do clima (temperatura e precipitação) e do uso da terra nas características limnológicas de 30 lagoas da planície de inundação do Rio Araguaia, no Brasil Central, um importante rio que drena no Cerrado brasileiro. Métodos As lagoas foram amostradas em um mesmo período, em uma grande extensão espacial (900 km ao longo do rio) cobrindo uma variabilidade climática e de paisagem. Para decompor o efeito relativo do clima e do uso do solo foi utilizada uma RDA seguida da partição da variância. Resultados As lagoas apresentaram um gradiente limnológico ao longo da planície de inundação. Em geral, as lagoas possuem baixa transparência, concentração de nutrientes (nitrogênio total e fósforo total) e saturação de oxigênio. O pH da água pode ser considerado fracamente ácido. Considerando o uso do solo na bacia do Rio Araguaia, as lagoas a jusante da planície apresentaram maior percentual de vegetação remanescente, ao passo que lagoas a montante da planície apresentaram maior uso do solo em pastagem em agricultura. As características climáticas foram o principal fator para explicar a variação das características limnológicas das lagoas estudadas, enquanto que análises individuais das variáveis limnológicas evidenciaram que o uso do solo foi importante para explicar a variação no pH e transparência da água. Conclusões O presente estudo evidenciou a importância de investigar os atributos climáticos regionais e o uso do solo para explicar as características limnológicas de lagoas na planície de inundação. Portanto, destacamos a importância de possíveis impactos das mudanças climáticas globais sobre as características limnológicas

Electrochemotherapy Associated with Calcium Electroporation in Metastatic Feline Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

Background: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is a novel therapeutic treatment that has been studied for cancer due to its selective killing cancer cells by necrosis and danger signals. Besides that, electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment that involves the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs followed by delivery of electrical pulses to the tumor. The combination with ECT and CaEP has been reported in literature suggesting that additional response of immune system could have been enhanced by electroporation with calcium. This case, report on the successful treatment with CaEP combined with ECT for treatment of a regional metastasis in a feline model of malignant melanoma.Case: A 9-year-old, mixed breed cat was referred to the veterinary clinic with a 2-month history of cutaneous peripalpebral plaque lesion (0.19 cm³) and a submandibular lymph node enlargement (0.5 cm³). Incisional biopsy of the cutaneous lesion and fine-needle aspiration of submandibular lymph node confirmed a cutaneous melanoma with submandibular lymph node metastasis. Tumor staging was set in T1N1M0 according to WHO staging criteria. ECT for the primary lesion and lymph node metastasis was proposed. For the ECT, bleomycin (15,000 UI/m²) application was performed intravenous followed by electroporation (8 pulses of 100 μs at 1000 V/cm, and 1 Hz) using a needle array electrode consisted of two parallel rows with six needles in each row. At 28-day post-ECT complete remission of the primary tumor and metastatic foci was achieved. However, 120 days after ECT, recurrence was observed in submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes. A second ECT approach was performed adding to bleomycin the intra lymph nodal application of calcium gluconate. The dose of calcium gluconate was diluted in an isotonic 0.9% NaCl solution resulting in a low concentration at 9 mM, injected in both metastatic lymph nodes (submandibular total volume: 1.4 ml; retropharyngeal total volume: 0.5 mL) and pulses were delivered immediately after drug administration. No systemic adverse effects were observed. Local adverse effects were considered mild as transitory edema and ulceration post procedure. One-week post-ECT+CaEP, complete remission of local metastasis occurred. However, the patient achieved five months disease free interval, and died during a surgical approach, achieving nine months of survival time.Discussion: Feline cutaneous malignant melanoma is an aggressive disease with a short survival time for the patients with mean of 4.5 months. CaEP is a novel anticancer treatment that has been study in the past years due to its selective killing cancer cells by necrosis and danger signals. The CaEP induces supraphysiological calcium influx into neoplastic cells leading to acute ATP depletion and necrosis of tumor cells. This use could be an interesting therapeutic choice for both human and veterinary medicine. In this patient, it was demonstrated a good clinical response with its use, showing temporarily tumor remission from the case presented with disease free interval of five months when compared to other report of two months. This description showed that ECT associated with CaEP improved outcome of regional melanoma lymph node metastasis in a cat. However, further investigations are needed to understand the use of CaEP in patients for local control metastasis as well as evaluate the use of both modalities to determine its synergistic effect

Dependência micorrízica de mangabeira em doses crescentes de fósforo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mycorrhizal dependency of mangaba tree (Hancornia speciosa) plantlets, under increasing levels of phosphorus fertilization. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4´5 factorial arrangement with three mycorrhizal fungi inocula – Gigaspora margarita, Glomus etunicatum, or a pool of native mycorrhizal fungi (Acaulospora longula, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora albida, Paraglomus sp.) –, and a nonmycorrhizal control, in combination with five levels of phosphorus applied to the substrate: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg kg-1. After 180 days of growth, plantlets with inoculation of native mycorrhizal pool produced more shoot and root dry biomass and had higher shoot phosphorus content and accumulation. The noninoculated control showed the lowest values, independently of the phosphorus level. The highest relative mycorrhizal dependency occurred with the inoculation of native mycorrhizal fungi. Plants with mycorrhizal fungi did not respond to phosphorus addition above 50 mg kg-1. Mangaba tree is highly dependent on mycorrhiza, but the degree of dependency varies according to phosphorus levels and fungal inocula. In general, mangaba tree is more responsive to mycorrhizal fungi inoculation than to phosphorus addition.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dependência micorrízica de mudas de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa), em doses crescentes de fósforo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4´5 com três inóculos de fungos micorrízicos – Gigaspora margarita, Glomus etunicatum, ou uma mistura de espécies de fungos micorrízicos nativos (Acaulospora longula, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora albida e Paraglomus sp.) –, e um controle não micorrízico, combinados a cinco doses de fósforo no substrato: 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 mg kg-1. Após 180 dias, as mudas com inoculação dos fungos micorrízicos nativos produziram mais biomassa seca de parte aérea e raízes e apresentaram maior concentração e acúmulo de fósforo na parte aérea. O controle sem inóculo apresentou os menores valores, independentemente da dose de fósforo. A maior dependência micorrízica relativa ocorreu com a inoculação de fungos micorrízicos nativos. Plantas com inoculação micorrízica não responderam à adição de fósforo, em doses acima de 50 mg kg-1. A mangabeira é altamente dependente de micorrizas, mas o grau de dependência varia de acordo com os níveis de fósforo e com os inóculos fúngicos. Em geral, a mangabeira é mais responsiva à inoculação com fungos micorrízicos do que à adição de fósforo

Epigenetic regulation of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in rotator cuff tears

Rotator cuff tear is a common orthopedic condition. Metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (TIMP) seem to play a role in the development of joint injuries and in the failure of tissue healing. However, the mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in tendons are still unknown. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs regulation, are involved in the dynamic control of gene expression. Here, the mRNA expression and DNA methylation status of MMPs (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, and MMP14) and TIMPs (TIMP1-3) and the expression of miR-29 family members in ruptured supraspinatus tendons were compared with non-injured tendons of individuals without this lesion. Additionally, the gene expression and methylation status at the edge of the ruptured tendon were compared with macroscopically non-injured rotator cuff tendon samples from the anterior and posterior regions of patients with tendon tears. Moreover, the possible associations between the molecular alterations and the clinical and histologic characteristics were investigated. Dysregulated expression and DNA methylation of MMP and TIMP genes were found across the rotator cuff tendon samples of patients with supraspinatus tears. These alterations were influenced at least in part by age at surgery, sex, smoking habit, tear size, and duration of symptoms. Alterations in the studied MMP and TIMP genes may contribute to the presence of microcysts, fissures, necrosis, and neovascularization in tendons and may thus be involved in the tendon healing process. In conclusion, MMPs and their inhibitors are regulated by epigenetic modifications and may play a role in rotator cuff tears.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ortopedia & Traumatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Genet, Dept Morfol & Genet, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Patol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ortopedia & Traumatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Genet, Dept Morfol & Genet, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Patol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/22548-2FAPESP: 2012/14768-5FAPESP: 2016/01392-8FAPESP: 2016/15785-1FAPESP: 2013/10691-0FAPESP: 2013/10791-5Web of Scienc

The Bom Santo Cave (Lisbon, Portugal): catchment, diet, and patterns of mobility of a Middle Neolithic population

The study of the Bom Santo Cave (central Portugal), a Neolithic cemetery, indicates a complex social, palaeoeconomic, and population scenario. With isotope, aDNA, and provenance, analyses of raw materials coupled with stylistic variability of material culture items and palaeogeographical data, light is shed on the territory and social organization of a population dated to 3800-3400 cal BC, i.e. the Middle Neolithic. Results indicate an itinerant farming, segmentary society, where exogamic practices were the norm. Its lifeway may be that of the earliest megalithic builders of the region, but further research is needed to correctly evaluate the degree of this community's participation in such a phenomenon

AVALIAÇÃO DA DEGRADAÇÃO PROTEICA DA FIBRA CAPILAR POR AÇÃO DE XAMPUS

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/223658348468Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o potencial de degradação proteica da fibra capilar de um xampu magistral frente a um produto comercial. Como amostra, utilizou-se mechas de cabelo castanho adulto isento de procedimento químico. As mechas foram limpas com solvente orgânico para remover a gordura e realizaram-se ensaios de fricção em duplicata para cada xampu, simulando o processo de lavagem dos cabelos. Retiraram-se alíquotas de 0,1 mL da água de lavagem a cada 2 ciclos de lavagens até o total de 14 ciclos e quantificou-se a perda proteica pelo método do ácido bicinconínico (BCA). A detecção foi realizada por espectrofotometria em 562 nm. Considerando a lavagem diária dos cabelos, houve uma perda proteica anual de 6,4824 mg/g de cabelo lavado com o xampu magistral e de 5,9605 mg/g utilizando o xampu comercial. Observou-se que a diferença da perda proteica do cabelo lavado com os dois xampus não foi significativa

Effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors in real-world patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil: a multicenter study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus-infected patients at Brazilian reference centers. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study included hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfected patients treated with Peg-interferon, ribavirin, and either boceprevir (n=158) or telaprevir (n=557) between July 2013 and April 2014 at 15 reference centers in Brazil. Demographic, clinical, virological, and adverse events data were collected during treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 715 patients, 59% had cirrhosis and 67.1% were treatment-experienced. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the overall sustained viral response was 56.6%, with similar effectiveness in both groups (51.9% for boceprevir and 58% for telaprevir, p=0.190). Serious adverse events occurred in 44.2% of patients, and six deaths (0.8%) were recorded. Cirrhotic patients had lower sustained viral response rates than non-cirrhotic patients (46.9% vs. 70.6%, p 465 years, diagnosis of cirrhosis, and abnormal hemoglobin levels/platelet counts prior to treatment were associated with serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Although serious adverse events rates were higher in this infected population, sustained viral response rates were similar to those reported for other patient cohorts.Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Molestias Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilCtr Referencia & Treinamento DST Aids, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCDH, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilHosp Fed Servidores Estado Rio de Janeiro HFSE, Setor Gastrohepatol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Disciplina Gastroenterol, EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina Infectol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, FMRP, Dept Clin Med, Div Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil| Univ Fed do Maranhao UFMA, HUPD, Ctr Pesquisa Clin, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilUniv Fed Estado Rio de Janeiro UNIRIO, Disciplina Clin Med & Gastroenterol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Rio do Grande Sul UFRGS, Dept Med Interna, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Ambulatorio HIV AIDS Hepatites Virais, Vitoria, ES, BrazilSMS, Ctr Orientacao & Aconselhamento, Foz Do Iguacu, PR, BrazilUniv Estado Rio de Janeiro UERJ, Serv Gastroenterol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilIMT, Lab Virol LIM 52, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Disciplina Gastroenterol, EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina Infectol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors in real-world patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Brazil: a multicenter study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors for the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C virus-infected patients at Brazilian reference centers. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study included hepatitis C virus genotype 1 monoinfected patients treated with Peg-interferon, ribavirin, and either boceprevir (n=158) or telaprevir (n=557) between July 2013 and April 2014 at 15 reference centers in Brazil. Demographic, clinical, virological, and adverse events data were collected during treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 715 patients, 59% had cirrhosis and 67.1% were treatment-experienced. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the overall sustained viral response was 56.6%, with similar effectiveness in both groups (51.9% for boceprevir and 58% for telaprevir, p=0.190). Serious adverse events occurred in 44.2% of patients, and six deaths (0.8%) were recorded. Cirrhotic patients had lower sustained viral response rates than non-cirrhotic patients (46.9% vs. 70.6%,