Efeito do potencial hídrico sobre a embebição, a respiração e a germinação da leguminosa Cratylia floribunda

Green and brown seeds of the leguminous Cratylia floribunda, with and without scarification, were used to study the effect of decreasing water potential on their respiration, imbibition and germination. The water potential was determined in a solution of mannitol. It was also studied the effect of different levels of dehydration (induced in a dessicator with silica gel) and of rehydration on the respiration of scarified and imbibed green seeds of C. floribunda. In the non scarified green seeds, imbibition, respiratory activity and germination were not observed for any of the osmotic conditions used. Lower water potential affected the imbibition rate of the scarified green seeds. However it did not affect the final amount of water absorbed, respiration or the percent of germination. Concerning the respiration and the germination, it was concluded that the imbibition effect of mannitol is superior than the water potentials themselves. Germination was not detected with brown seeds. A problem of dormancy or internal damage is concluded for this case. The respiratory pattern of the scarified brown seeds was different from the scarified green seeds in spite of a similar imbibition. However, an accumulation of water for the highest potential and a depression effect of the lower potentials for the brown seed without scarification were observed, probably due to an inhibitory effect of mannitol. During the dehydration, the respiratory intensity variation was related to the remaining water content of the seed: high respiratory rates with low loss of water, and low respiratory rates with severe loss of water were observed. Related to the control, the variations of respiratory intensities were not markedly different from the rehydration. The high percentage of germination obtained after the rehydration suggests that dehydration had only a slight effect.Foram empregadas sementes da leguminosa Cratylia floribunda, de cores verde e marrom, com e sem escarificação, para estudar o efeito de potenciais hídricos decrescentes, obtidos a partir de uma solução de manitol, sobre a respiração, a embebição e a germinação. Estudou-se também o efeito de diferentes níveis de desidratação, induzidos em dessecador contendo sílica-gel, e da reidratação sobre a respiração das sementes de C. floribunda de cor verde, escarificadas e embebidas. Nas sementes verdes não escarificadas, não foi detectada embebição, atividade respiratória e germinação sob qualquer condição osmótica empregada. Nas sementes verdes escarificadas, os potenciais hídricos mais baixos afetaram a velocidade de embebição, mas não a quantidade final de água absorvida, a respiração e a percentagem de germinação. Nos casos de respiração e de germinação, conclui-se um efeito inibitório do manitol mais que dos potenciais hídricos em si. Nas sementes marrons, não foi detectada germinação. Neste caso, conclui-se um problema de dormência ou dano interno. O padrão respiratório das sementes marrons escarificadas diferiu das sementes verdes escarificadas, enquanto que a embebição foi similar, embora tenha sido observado nas marrons não escarificadas um acúmulo de água nos potenciais mais altos e um efeito depressivo da respiração nos potenciais mais baixos, talvez por uma ação inibitória do manitol. As variações na intensidade respiratória durante a desidratação estiveram relacionadas com o teor de água remanescente nas sementes: altas taxas respiratórias foram observadas com perdas moderadas de água, e baixas taxas com perdas mais severas. Na reidratação, as variações na intensidade respiratória não foram muito marcantes em relação ao controle. As altas percentagens de germinação alcançadas após a reidratação sugerem um efeito pouco profundo da desidratação

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved