Timing of Fluoride Intake and Dental Fluorosis On Late-Erupting Permanent Teeth

Objective: Very few studies have examined the relationship between timing of fluoride intake and development of dental fluorosis on late-erupting permanent teeth using period-specific fluoride intake information. This study examined this relationship using longitudinal fluoride intake information from the Iowa Fluoride Study. Methods: Participants’ fluoride exposure and intake (birth to 10 years of age) from water, beverages, selected food products, dietary fluoride supplements, and fluoride toothpaste was collected using questionnaires sent to parents at 3- and 4- month intervals from birth to 48 months of age and every 6 months thereafter. Three trained and calibrated examiners used the Fluorosis Risk Index (FRI) categories to assess 16 late-erupting teeth among 465 study participants. A tooth was defined as having definitive fluorosis if any of the zones on that tooth had an FRI score of 2 or 3. Participants with questionable fluorosis were excluded from analyses. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the importance of fluoride intake during different time periods. Results: Most dental fluorosis in the study population was mild, with only four subjects (1%) having severe fluorosis (FRI Score 3). The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis was 27.8%. Logistic regression analyses showed that fluoride intake from each of the individual years from age 2 to 8 plays an important role in determining the risk of dental fluorosis for most late-erupting permanent teeth. The strongest association for fluorosis on the late-erupting permanent teeth was with fluoride intake during the sixth year of life. Conclusion: Late-erupting teeth may be susceptible to fluorosis for an extended period from about age 2 to 8. Although not as visually prominent as the maxillary central incisors, some of the late-erupting teeth are esthetically important and this should be taken into consideration when making recommendations about dosing of fluoride intake

Scaling relations, virial theorem and energy densities for long-range and short-range density functionals

We analyze a decomposition of the Coulomb electron-electron interaction into a long-range and a short-range part in the framework of density functional theory, deriving some scaling relations and the corresponding virial theorem. We study the behavior of the local density approximation in the high-density limit for the long-range and the short-range functionals by carrying out a detailed analysis of the correlation energy of a uniform electron gas interacting via a long-range only electron-electron repulsion. Possible definitions of exchange and correlation energy densities are discussed and clarified with some examples.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

The Relationships Between Fluoride Intake Levels and Fluorosis of Late‐Erupting Permanent Teeth

Objectives To examine the relationships between fluoride intake levels and fluorosis of late‐erupting permanent teeth. Methods The current study used information collected from 437 children in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study. Participants\u27 fluoride intake information was collected using questionnaires from birth to age 10 years. Estimated mean daily fluoride intake was categorized into low, moderate, and high intake tertiles for each age interval (2‐5, 5‐8, and 2‐8 years). Bivariate analyses were performed to study the relationships between self‐reported fluoride intake levels during three age intervals and dental fluorosis. Results For canines and second molars, the prevalence of mostly mild fluorosis was less than 10% in the lowest fluoride intake tertile and more than 25% in the highest intake tertile. For both first and second premolars, the prevalence in the low and high intake tertiles was approximately 10‐15% and 25‐40%, respectively. When estimated total daily fluoride intake was 0.04 mg/kg BW during ages 2‐8 years, the predicted probability of fluorosis was 16.0%, 20.5%, 21.8%, and 15.4% for canines, 1st and 2nd and premolars and 2nd molars, respectively. We found that an incremental increase in fluoride intake during the age 5‐ to 8‐year interval led to greater odds for development of mostly mild dental fluorosis in late‐erupting teeth compared to increases in fluoride intake during other age intervals. Conclusions Our results clearly show that dental fluorosis prevalence is closely related to fluoride intake levels and that teeth have greater susceptibility to fluoride intake during certain age intervals

Quantum mechanical description of Stern-Gerlach experiments

The motion of neutral particles with magnetic moments in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is described in a quantum mechanical framework. The validity of the semi-classical approximations which are generally used to describe these phenomena is discussed. Approximate expressions for the evolution operator are derived and compared to the exact calculations. Focusing and spin-flip phenomena are predicted. The reliability of Stern-Gerlach experiments to measure spin projections is assessed in this framework.Comment: 12 pages, 7 eps figures included, revtex, submitted to PR

Quisto do Ligamento Amarelo

Doente do sexo feminino de 72 anos de idade, observada por quadro de dor irradiada ao longo do membro inferior esquerdo no trajeto correspondente aos dermátomos de L5 e S1. A observação neurológica evidenciava abolição do reflexo aquiliano à esquerda sem defeito motor radicular

Ultrasonographic evaluation of optic nerve avulsion with 10 and 20 MHZ probes: case report

A avulsão traumática do nervo óptico é evento raro. É relatado um caso de avulsão completa do nervo óptico unilateral após trauma contuso do bulbo ocular sem afetar a integridade de outras estruturas. Ultra-sonografia com sondas B de 10 e 20 MHz se mostrou útil no diagnóstico da lesão, ao passo que a tomografia de órbita não foi conclusiva. O prognóstico visual é reservado, dependente da acuidade visual inicial, que no presente caso foi ausência de percepção luminosa. Não existe tratamento eficaz para lesões completas do nervo óptico, sendo que nenhum tratamento específico foi utilizado neste caso.Traumatic optic nerve avulsion is a rare event. A case of complete unilateral optic nerve avulsion after blunt ocular trauma without major damage to other ocular structures is reported. B-scan ultrasonography with 10 and 20 MHz probes proved to be helpful in diagnosing the optic nerve lesion, whereas orbital computed tomography was inconclusive. The prognosis is ominous and it is dependent on the initial visual acuity, which was no light perception in this case. There is no efficient treatment for complete optic nerve avulsion, and no specific treatment was performed in this case

Percepción sobre los medios de comunicación de la Universidad de Antioquia 2009

ABSTRACT: The objective of the research on mass media of the University of Antioch is to investigate about the receptivity, acceptability, motivation and expectations of the users of the communicational products that take place in the University, in three fields: it presses, television and radio.RESUMEN: El Estudio de Percepción de Medios de Comunicación de la Universidad de Antioquia representa una inversión de carácter social, para descubrir las percepciones de los ciudadanos en forma sistemática y representativa con el ánimo de que los agentes vinculados al Sistema de Comunicaciones de la Universidad de Antioquia se planteen otras perspectivas y proyecten nuevas acciones para satisfacer las necesidades comunicacionales que surgen en la cultura del presente siglo. Para ello, en los primeros planteamientos de este Estudio se reconoce el apoyo que puede prestar la labor histórica realizada hasta el presente y que habrá de cruzarse con el conocimiento del grado de favorabilidad que cada uno de los Medios de Comunicación de la Universidad de Antioquia ha logrado entre su público. Por la misma razón, se contempla una etapa prospectiva que va más allá de la vivencia ordinaria, para indagar sobre lo ideal; es decir, sobre lo que se nos plantea como el devenir en el uso de los medios de comunicación para una la sociedad contemporánea; de tal manera que mire hacia el futuro, desde la realidad del presente; esto es, que ausculta las expectativas que tienen los usuarios en torno al Sistema de Comunicacione

Abnormalities of erythrocyte filtrability in diabetic microangiopathy

In 30 ambulatory patients (14 men and 16 women), with diabetes mellitus (7 of type I and 23 of type II) of variable duration and with ages averaging 52.2 years, the degree of retinal microangiopathy was assessed along with the erythrocyte filtration rate (FR) and the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA,). The FR was significantly (p < 0.001) lower among the diabetics (12.09 ± 2.71 JAI sec-I) than in the controls (15.80 ± 1.75). On the other hand, the level of HbA1 was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the diabetics (12.26 ± 3.83) than in the control group (7.97 ± 1.47). The severity of the diabetic retinopathy was estimated as follows: degree Tin 10 patients, degree II in 10 patients also, degree III in 4 patients and no abnormalities in 6 individuals. Among the patients the retinal lesions were significantly correlated (r = -0.46, p < 0.01) with the value of FR but were not affected by the level of HbA,. No significant correlation was detected between FR and HbA1. Our results suggest that, as a consequence of the metabolic abnormalities present in the diabetics, the non-enzymatic glycosylation of hemoglobin A is increased. The rise of erythrocyte rigidity, while hampering blood-flow through already injured microvessels, could contribute to the development of retinal abnormalities irrespective of the HbA, level. Consequently, the abnormalities in the retinal microcirculation could, directly or indirectly, influence red cell filtrability, worsening the rheologic behaviour in the local microvessels.This study was supported by a grant from INIC (MbL2)

Três décadas da disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos segundo a NOVA – Brasil, 1987–2018

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the trend of household food acquisition according to the NOVA classification in Brazil between 1987–1988 and 2017–2018. METHODS We used household food acquisition data from five editions of the Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (Household Budget Surveys), conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), in the years 1987–1988, 1995–1996, 2002–2003, 2008–2009, and 2017–2018. All reported foods were categorized according to the NOVA classification. The household availability of food groups and subgroups was expressed through their share (%) in total calories, for all Brazilian families, by household situation (urban or rural), for each of the five geographic regions of the country, by fifths of the household income per capita distribution (2002–2003, 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 surveys), and for the 11 main urban regions of the country (1987–1988, 1995–1996, 2002–2003, 2008–2009 and 2017–2018 surveys). Linear regression models were used to assess the trend of increasing or decreasing food purchases. RESULTS The diet of the Brazilian population is still composed predominantly of foods in natura or minimally processed and processed culinary ingredients. However, our findings point to trends of increasing share of ultra-processed foods in the diet. This increase of 0.4 percentage points per year between 2002 and 2009 slowed down to 0.2 percentage points between 2008 and 2018. The consumption of ultra-processed food was higher among households with higher income, in the South and Southeast regions, in urban areas, and in metropolitan regions. CONCLUSION Our results indicate an increase in the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet of Brazilians. This is a worrisome scenario, since the consumption of such foods is associated with the development of diseases and the loss of nutritional quality of the diet.OBJETIVO Avaliar a tendência da aquisição domiciliar de alimentos de acordo com a classificação NOVA no Brasil entre 1987–1988 e 2017–2018. MÉTODOS Foram utilizados dados de aquisição domiciliar de alimentos provenientes de cinco edições da Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares, realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, nos anos 1987–1988, 1995–1996, 2002–2003, 2008–2009 e 2017–2018. Todos os alimentos reportados foram categorizados segundo a classificação NOVA. A disponibilidade domiciliar dos grupos e subgrupos de alimentos foi expressa por meio de sua participação (%) nas calorias totais, para o conjunto das famílias brasileiras, por situação do domicílio (urbana ou rural), para cada uma das cinco regiões geográficas do país, por quintos da distribuição de renda domiciliar per capita (inquéritos de 2002–2003, 2008–2009 e 2017–2018); e para as 11 principais regiões urbanas do país (inquéritos de 1987–1988, 1995–1996, 2002–2003, 2008–2009 e 2017–2018). Modelos de regressão linear foram utilizados para avaliar a tendência de aumento ou diminuição na aquisição dos alimentos. RESULTADOS A dieta da população brasileira ainda é composta predominantemente por alimentos in natura e minimamente processados e ingredientes culinários processados. No entanto, nossos achados apontam tendências de aumento da participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta. Esse aumento que foi de 0,4 pontos percentuais ao ano na primeira porção do período estudado, entre 2002 e 2009, e desacelerou para 0,2 pontos percentuais entre 2008 e 2018. O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi maior entres os domicílios de maior renda, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, na área urbana, e nas regiões metropolitanas. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados do presente estudo apontam um aumento na participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta dos brasileiros. Cenário preocupante, uma vez que o consumo de tais alimentos está associado ao desenvolvimento de doenças e à perda da qualidade nutricional da dieta