Análise das affordances do ambiente domiciliar de crianças pré-escolares: um estudo em função da renda familiar

This study aimed to investigate the affordances of the home environment of preschool children aged between 36 and 42 months according to the family income. The subjects were 83 preschoolers enrolled in four Early Childhood Centers of the Maringá city, in the state of Paraná. Data collection was conducted with the Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development (AHEMD-SR). For data analysis, it was used Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that children with low family income are more motor stimulated (Md=3,5) when compared to children of medium income family (Md=2,5). However, it was observed that children from high-income families have more affordances for the development of fine motor skills when compared to low-income children (p=0,005). It was found that children of medium family income had more favorable environment for the development of gross skills than low-income children (p=0,005). It was concluded that family income might be an intervening element for affordances related to the development of gross and fine motor skills, and that children belonging to families of higher purchasing power have greater opportunities for development. On the other hand, low-income children have more affordances related to motor stimulation

Dissolved Pb and Pb isotopes in the North Atlantic from the GEOVIDE transect (GEOTRACES GA-01) and their decadal evolution

During the 2014 GEOVIDE transect, seawater samples were collected for dissolved Pb and Pb isotope analysis. These samples provide a high-resolution snapshot of the source regions for the present Pb distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. Some of these stations were previously occupied for Pb from as early as 1981, and we compare the 2014 data with these older data, some of which are reported here for the first time. Lead concentrations were highest in subsurface Mediterranean Water (MW) near the coast of Portugal, which agrees well with other recent observations by the US GEOTRACES program (Noble et al., 2015). The recently formed Labrador Sea Water (LSW) between Greenland and Nova Scotia is much lower in Pb concentration than the older LSW found in the West European Basin due to decreases in Pb emissions into the atmosphere during the past 20 years. Comparison of North Atlantic data from 1989 to 2014 shows decreasing Pb concentrations consistent with decreased anthropogenic inputs, active scavenging, and advection/convection. Although the isotopic composition of northern North Atlantic seawater appears more homogenous compared to previous decades, a clear spatiotemporal trend in isotope ratios is evident over the past 15 years and implies that small changes to atmospheric Pb emissions continue. Emissions data indicate that the relative proportions of US and European Pb sources to the ocean have been relatively uniform during the past 2 decades, while aerosol data may suggest a greater relative proportion of natural mineral Pb. Using our measurements in conjunction with emissions inventories, we support the findings of previous atmospheric analyses that a significant portion of the Pb deposited to the ocean in 2014 was natural, although it is obscured by the much greater solubility of anthropogenic aerosols over natural ones.</p

Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise

The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this special issue (https://www.biogeosciences.net/special_issue900.html), results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among 18 articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives, and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue

Aluminium in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Labrador Sea (GEOTRACES GA01 section): roles of continental inputs and biogenic particle removal

The distribution of dissolved aluminium (dAl) in the water column of the North Atlantic and Labrador Sea was studied along GEOTRACES section GA01 to unravel the sources and sinks of this element. Surface water dAl concentrations were low (median of 2.5 nM) due to low aerosol deposition and removal by phytoplankton. However, surface water dAl concentrations were enhanced on the Iberian and Greenland shelves (up to 30.9 nM) due to continental inputs (rivers, glacial flour and ice melt). A negative correlation was observed between dAl in surface waters and primary production, phytoplankton community structure and biogenic opal production. The abundance of diatoms exerted a significant (p  0.76) west of the Iberian Basin, suggesting net release of dAl at depth during remineralization of sinking biogenic opal containing particles. Enrichment of dAl at near-bottom depths was observed due to resuspension of sediments near the sediment-water interface. The highest dAl (up to 38.7 nM) concentrations were observed in Mediterranean Overflow Waters which act as a major source of dAl to mid depth waters of the eastern North Atlantic. This study clearly shows that the vertical and lateral distribution of dAl in the North Atlantic differs when compared to other regions of the North Atlantic and global ocean due to the large spatial differences both in the main source of Al, atmospheric deposition, and the main sink for Al, particle scavenging, between different oceanic regions

Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise

The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this Special Issue, results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among seventeen articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue

Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise

The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this Special Issue, results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among seventeen articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue