Calapídeos do litoral brasileiro (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

This dissertation deals with all crustaceans species under the family CALAPPIDAE, occurring on the Brazilian coast. It consists of the following divisions: introduction, bibliographic revision, material and methods, results, conclusions and bibliographical references. The taxonomic section includes synonymy, diagnoses and keys for identification of each taxon below family. Besides characterization, data on coloration , size and origen of the materia1 examined, type-locality, known geographical distribution and considerations. All species are illustrated photographically (in dorsal, frontal and ventral views). The family CALAPPIDAE is represented in Brazil by two subfamilies, five genera and twelve species, which were grouped as for substrate habitat according to Coelho, Ramos-Porto & Koening criteria: one species occurs in mud, three occur both in fine sand and mud, four occur on hard bottom and four are euriedaphics. From twelve species studied, six had their known distribution area enriched with one or more localities of occurence. From these, only Hepatus scaber, known only from Northern Brazil was recorded for the first time at Rio de Janeiro shores (one specimen).CAPESA presente dissertação enfoca todas as espécies de crustáceos da família CALAPPIDAE, que ocorrem em nosso litoral, e consta das seguintes divisões: introdução, revisão bibliográfica, material e métodos, resultados, conclusões e bibliografia. Os taxa superiores à espécie foram abordados nos tópicos: sinonímia, diagnose, chave de identificação e considerações. As espécies, além da sinonímia e considerações, em outros aspectos: caracterização, localidade-tipo, tamanho, coloração e procedência dos exemplares examinados, notas ecológicas, distribuição geográfica e ilustrações fotográficas em vistas dorsal, frontal e ventral. Do estudo realizado concluiu-se que a família CALAPPIDAE está representada no Brasil por duas subfamílias, cinco gêneros e doze espécies, que foram agrupadas quanto a natureza do fundo, de acordo com os critérios propostos por Coelho, Ramos-Porto & Koening (1980) em: vasícola (uma), minutícola (três), de fundo duro (quatro) e euriedáfica (quatro). Das doze espécies estudadas seis tiveram sua distribuição enriquecida de uma ou mais localidades. Destas, apenas Hepatus scaber, antes conhecida apenas no norte do Brasil, foi encontrada como procedente do Rio de Janeiro (um único exemplar)

Leishmania infantum AS A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRAZIL

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by different species of theLeishmania genus. Leishmania(Leishmania) infantum, causing cutaneous leishmaniasis, has been described in patients living in areas where visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. In this study, it was possible to characterize this species in seven slides from cutaneous tissue imprints from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

A correlação entre índice de avaliação global da gagueira OASES- a e os índices de ansiedade, de esquiva e desconforto social / The correlation between global global assessment index OASES- a and the anxiety, distance and social disorder indexes

Introdução: A Gagueira tem grande impacto na vida das pessoas que gaguejam. Objetivo: A investigação apresentada teve o objetivo identificar se existe correlação entre o escore de avaliação global da experiência de gaguejar e os índices de  ansiedade, de esquiva, de desconforto e de ansiedade social em adultos com gagueira. Métodos: trata-se de estudo observacional e de delineamento transversal, em que foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: o questionário autoaplicado do inventário de ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Escala de Esquiva e Desconforto Social (SADS), Escala de Medo de Avaliação Negativa (FNE) e Escala de Ansiedade Social de Liebowitz (LSEA), Escala SSI-3 Stuttering Severity Instrument e a versão brasileira do instrumento Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering – Adults (OASES-A). Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 59 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, sendo 44 homens e 15 mulheres. Os dados indicam que houve correlação positiva fraca entre OASES-A e BAI; houve correlação positiva fraca entre OASES-A e FNE; houve correlação positiva moderada entre OASES-A e SADS; houve também correlação positiva OASES-A e LSAS-SR. Conclusão: os achados de dois dos quatro instrumentos demonstram correlação positiva moderada entre gagueira e ansiedade social.

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio