Inconstitucionalidad del recargo tributario en España

Ha señalado el Tribunal Constitucional español que, por la aplicación directa del recargo sobre la base de normas administrativas, cuando en su esencia se trataba de una sanción, implica la violación de una serie de derechos constitucionalesHa señalado el Tribunal Constitucional español que, por la aplicación directa del recargo sobre la base de normas administrativas, cuando en su esencia se trataba de una sanción, implica la violación de una serie de derechos constitucionale

Calcified Neurocysticercosis: Risk factors for calcification and associated factors for seizure relapse

Objective: Neurocysticerosis (NCC) is the leading cause of epilepsy in endemic areas. In the final stage of NCC, the viable intraparenchymal cysts die, either resolving completely or leaving calcified scars. In a proportion of patients they are accountable for the subsequent morbidity, mainly manifesting as epilepsy. These patients experience breakthrough seizures during their antiepileptic treatment and can later present with seizure relapse after their medication is withdrawn. This doctoral dissertation is intended to evaluate the proportion of calcification and its risk factors in patients with viable cysts who receive antiparasitic drugs (study 1) and the incidence and associated factors to seizure events in patients with already calcified NCC lesions during their antiepileptic treatment (study 2), and after the antiepileptic drug treatment is withdrawn (study 3). Methods: For the first study we evaluated the data of 220 adult patients with viable parenchymal NCC in a multilevel study from three previous clinical trials where patients received standard Albendazole (15 mg/kg/d), increased ABZ (22.5 mg/kg/d), or standard ABZ plus Praziquantel (PZQ, 50 mg/kg/d), and corticosteroids. Patients had MRI exams at baseline and at day 180 to assess cyst resolution and a CT scan at day 360 to assess calcification. For the second and third study we took advantage of a big cohort of patients with calcified NCC and neurological symptoms in Lima, Peru and developed a time-to-event study. For study two we selected patients with diagnoses of epilepsy who were under AED treatment (n=210) and for study three we included those patients from the cohort of 210 patient in whom their antiepileptic drug (AED) was withdrawn (n=62). In both studies we followed the participants for breakthrough seizure (study two) or seizure relapse (study three) from the time of enrollment until event, loss to follow-up, administrative censoring (36 months of follow-up or until November 2017) or withdrawal of AED (in case of study 2). During the follow-up in both studies, patients had a clinical evaluation every three months and were contacted by the study team by phone every two weeks. All seizure events were classified according the ILAE guideline. Results: The first study included 147 patients with a total of 497 cysts, with an overall percentage of calcification at one year after antiparasitic treatment of 37.8% (188/497). In the multilevel model, we found in seven predictors of calcification, two at cyst level: cysts larger than 14 mm and cysts with surrounding edema, and five at patient level: patients with more than 2 years of seizures, having mild antibody responses on EITB, an increased dose of ABZ alone, receiving low dose of dexamethasone, and no early re-treatment with antiparasitic drug. Study two involved 210 patients and 103 of those (49.1%) presented breakthrough seizure during the follow-up. In the time-to-event analysis the Kaplan-Meier method showed that only 36.0% remains free of epilepsy during the study time (36 months). The risk factors in the multivariate Cox analysis were having a seizure event in the year previous to the enrollment and a history of 10 or more seizure events. In the subsequent cohort (Study 3) 62 participants who withdrew AED were included, from them 17 (27.4%) presented with seizure relapses. The Kaplan-Meier estimator showed that the probability of being free of seizures after 3 years of AED withdrawal was 58.7%. The Cox model showed that the main risk factors were having seizures in the last two years before AED withdrawal which was observed in 31 participants; these participants had 9.2 times greater chances of having a seizure relapse. Because of that we perform a sub-analysis in this group and found that having a history of 10 or more seizures before AED withdrawal and a history of partial seizures with generalization or generalized seizures had a higher risk of having a seizure relapse, but without statistical significance. Conclusions: Residual calcified lesions after antiparasitic treatment in NCC represent less than half of cases and may be a preventable outcome. Some patients who present with remaining calcified scars developed breakthrough seizures under AED treatment and their management should be individualized. Finally, withdrawal of antiepileptic treatment should only be considered after at least two years since last seizure event

Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework

[EN] For the first time in the scientific literature, this research shows an analysis of the implementation of circular economy techniques under sustainable development framework in six municipalities with a depressed economy in Colombia. The analysis is based on solid waste data production at a local scale, the valuation of the waste for subsequent recycling, and the identification and quantification of the variables associated with the treatment and final disposal of waste, in accordance with the Colombian regulatory framework. Waste generation data are obtained considering three different scenarios, in which a comparison between the simulated values and those established in the management plans are compared. Important differences have been identified between the waste management programs of each municipality, specifically regarding the components of waste collection, transportation and disposal, participation of environmental reclaimers, and potential use of materials. These differences are fundamentally associated with the different administrative processes considered for each individual municipality. This research is a good starting point for the development of waste management models based on circular economy techniques, through the subsequent implementation of an office tool in depressed regions such as those studied.Rodrigo-Ilarri, J.; Vargas-Terranova, C.; Rodrigo-Clavero, M.; Bustos-Castro, P. (2021). Advances on the Implementation of Circular Economy Techniques in Rural Areas in Colombia under a Sustainable Development Framework. Sustainability. 13(7):1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073816S121137J. Padilla, A., & Trujillo, J. C. (2018). Waste disposal and households’ heterogeneity. Identifying factors shaping attitudes towards source-separated recycling in Bogotá, Colombia. Waste Management, 74, 16-33. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.052Valenzuela‐Levi, N. (2020). Waste Political Settlements in Colombia and Chile: Power, Inequality and Informality in Recycling. Development and Change, 51(4), 1098-1122. doi:10.1111/dech.12591Borowski, P. F. (2021). Innovation strategy on the example of companies using bamboo. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1). doi:10.1186/s13731-020-00144-2Khandelwal, H., Dhar, H., Thalla, A. K., & Kumar, S. (2019). Application of life cycle assessment in municipal solid waste management: A worldwide critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 209, 630-654. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.233Turcott Cervantes, D. E., López Martínez, A., Cuartas Hernández, M., & Lobo García de Cortázar, A. (2018). Using indicators as a tool to evaluate municipal solid waste management: A critical review. Waste Management, 80, 51-63. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.046Zhang, D. Q., Tan, S. K., & Gersberg, R. M. (2010). Municipal solid waste management in China: Status, problems and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(8), 1623-1633. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.03.012Kuehr, R. (2007). Towards a sustainable society: United Nations University’s Zero Emissions Approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(13-14), 1198-1204. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.07.020Wagner, T., & Arnold, P. (2008). A new model for solid waste management: an analysis of the Nova Scotia MSW strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(4), 410-421. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.08.016Margallo, M., Ziegler-Rodriguez, K., Vázquez-Rowe, I., Aldaco, R., Irabien, Á., & Kahhat, R. (2019). Enhancing waste management strategies in Latin America under a holistic environmental assessment perspective: A review for policy support. Science of The Total Environment, 689, 1255-1275. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.393Cobo, S., Dominguez-Ramos, A., & Irabien, A. (2018). From linear to circular integrated waste management systems: A review of methodological approaches. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 135, 279-295. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.003Arena, U., & Di Gregorio, F. (2014). A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 85, 54-66. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.05.008Żelaziński, T. (2021). Properties of Biocomposites from Rapeseed Meal, Fruit Pomace and Microcrystalline Cellulose Made by Press Pressing: Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics. Materials, 14(4), 890. doi:10.3390/ma14040890Laurent, A., Bakas, I., Clavreul, J., Bernstad, A., Niero, M., Gentil, E., … Christensen, T. H. (2014). Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems – Part I: Lessons learned and perspectives. Waste Management, 34(3), 573-588. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.045Ferronato, N., Rada, E. C., Gorritty Portillo, M. A., Cioca, L. I., Ragazzi, M., & Torretta, V. (2019). Introduction of the circular economy within developing regions: A comparative analysis of advantages and opportunities for waste valorization. Journal of Environmental Management, 230, 366-378. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.095Vaccari, M., Torretta, V., & Collivignarelli, C. (2012). Effect of Improving Environmental Sustainability in Developing Countries by Upgrading Solid Waste Management Techniques: A Case Study. Sustainability, 4(11), 2852-2861. doi:10.3390/su4112852Zurbrügg, C., Caniato, M., & Vaccari, M. (2014). How Assessment Methods Can Support Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries—A Critical Review. Sustainability, 6(2), 545-570. doi:10.3390/su6020545Borowski, P. F. (2017). Environmental pollution as a threats to the ecology and development in Guinea Conakry. Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych, 28(4), 27-32. doi:10.1515/oszn-2017-0026Vaccari, M., Tudor, T., & Vinti, G. (2019). Characteristics of leachate from landfills and dumpsites in Asia, Africa and Latin America: an overview. Waste Management, 95, 416-431. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.032Idowu, I. A., Atherton, W., Hashim, K., Kot, P., Alkhaddar, R., Alo, B. I., & Shaw, A. (2019). An analyses of the status of landfill classification systems in developing countries: Sub Saharan Africa landfill experiences. Waste Management, 87, 761-771. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.011Wang, F., Cheng, Z., Reisner, A., & Liu, Y. (2018). Compliance with household solid waste management in rural villages in developing countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 202, 293-298. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.135De S. Pereira, T., & Fernandino, G. (2019). Evaluation of solid waste management sustainability of a coastal municipality from northeastern Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management, 179, 104839. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.104839Costa, I. M., & Ferreira Dias, M. (2020). Evolution on the solid urban waste management in Brazil: A portrait of the Northeast Region. Energy Reports, 6, 878-884. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.033Manfredi, S., & Christensen, T. H. (2009). Environmental assessment of solid waste landfilling technologies by means of LCA-modeling. Waste Management, 29(1), 32-43. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.021Guerrero, L. A., Maas, G., & Hogland, W. (2013). Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste Management, 33(1), 220-232. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.09.008Botello-Álvarez, J. E., Rivas-García, P., Fausto-Castro, L., Estrada-Baltazar, A., & Gomez-Gonzalez, R. (2018). Informal collection, recycling and export of valuable waste as transcendent factor in the municipal solid waste management: A Latin-American reality. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 485-495. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.065Aparcana, S. (2017). Approaches to formalization of the informal waste sector into municipal solid waste management systems in low- and middle-income countries: Review of barriers and success factors. Waste Management, 61, 593-607. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.028Wilson, D. C., Rodic, L., Scheinberg, A., Velis, C. A., & Alabaster, G. (2012). Comparative analysis of solid waste management in 20 cities. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 30(3), 237-254. doi:10.1177/0734242x12437569Medina, M. (2000). Scavenger cooperatives in Asia and Latin America. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 31(1), 51-69. doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(00)00071-9Wilson, D. C., Velis, C., & Cheeseman, C. (2006). Role of informal sector recycling in waste management in developing countries. Habitat International, 30(4), 797-808. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.09.005Gutberlet, J. (2015). Cooperative urban mining in Brazil: Collective practices in selective household waste collection and recycling. Waste Management, 45, 22-31. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.023Anwar, S., Elagroudy, S., Abdel Razik, M., Gaber, A., Bong, C. P. C., & Ho, W. S. (2018). Optimization of solid waste management in rural villages of developing countries. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 20(3), 489-502. doi:10.1007/s10098-018-1485-7Patwa, A., Parde, D., Dohare, D., Vijay, R., & Kumar, R. (2020). Solid waste characterization and treatment technologies in rural areas: An Indian and international review. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 20, 101066. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101066Elgie, A. R., Singh, S. J., & Telesford, J. N. (2021). You can’t manage what you can’t measure: The potential for circularity in Grenada’s waste management system. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105170. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105170Yıldız-Geyhan, E., Yılan, G., Altun-Çiftçioğlu, G. A., & Kadırgan, M. A. N. (2019). Environmental and social life cycle sustainability assessment of different packaging waste collection systems. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 143, 119-132. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.12.028Solano Meza, J. K., Orjuela Yepes, D., Rodrigo-Ilarri, J., & Cassiraga, E. (2019). Predictive analysis of urban waste generation for the city of Bogotá, Colombia, through the implementation of decision trees-based machine learning, support vector machines and artificial neural networks. Heliyon, 5(11), e02810. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02810Calderón Márquez, A. J., & Rutkowski, E. W. (2020). Waste management drivers towards a circular economy in the global south – The Colombian case. Waste Management, 110, 53-65. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.016Ezeah, C., Fazakerley, J. A., & Roberts, C. L. (2013). Emerging trends in informal sector recycling in developing and transition countries. Waste Management, 33(11), 2509-2519. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2013.06.020Hettiarachchi, H., Ryu, S., Caucci, S., & Silva, R. (2018). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues and Potential Solutions from the Governance Perspective. Recycling, 3(2), 19. doi:10.3390/recycling3020019Velis, C. (2017). Waste pickers in Global South: Informal recycling sector in a circular economy era. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 35(4), 329-331. doi:10.1177/0734242x17702024Molano Camargo, F. (2019). El relleno sanitario Doña Juana en Bogotá: la producción política de un paisaje tóxico, 1988-2019. Historia Crítica, (74), 127-149. doi:10.7440/histcrit74.2019.06https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/view/4927Colorado-Lopera, H. A., & Echeverri-Lopera, G. I. (2020). The solid waste in Colombia analyzed via gross domestic product: towards a sustainable economy. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, (96), 51-63. doi:10.17533/udea.redin.20191046Hernández-Berriel, M. del C., Aguilar-Virgen, Q., Taboada-González, P., Lima-Morra, R., … Eljaiek-Urzola, M. (2016). GENERACIÓN Y COMPOSICIÓN DE LOS RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, 32(Residuos sólidos), 11-22. doi:10.20937/rica.2016.32.05.02Pardo Martínez, C. I., & Piña, W. A. (2016). Solid waste management in Bogotá: the role of recycling associations as investigated through SWOT analysis. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 19(3), 1067-1086. doi:10.1007/s10668-016-9782-

La función indemnizatoria y resarcitoria del recargo tributario

The Constitutional Court by decision No. 008-12-SIN-CC resolves to declare the constitutionality of the tax surcharge, figure by which ipso jure the Tax Administration determines a value payable by the taxpayer, it automatically applies an additional 20% on the principal, by way of penalty. What are the powers of the tax authority? How does the surcharge can be justified as a damage done by the fact of tax determination?Mediante sentencia 008-12-SIN-CC dictada por la Corte Constitucional resuelve declarar la constitucionalidad de la figura del recargo tributario; figura mediante la cual de "ipso jure" cuando la Administración Tributaria determina un valor por pagar a cargo del contribuyente, aplica automáticamente un adicional -además de los intereses y multas- de un 20% sobre el principal, a título de recargo. ¿Cuáles son las atribuciones de la autoridad tributaria y cómo justificar el recargo como daño por el hecho de realizarse la determinación tributaria

Feeding ecology of fish larvae from Chilean Patagonia during austral winter

Feeding habits of the ichthyoplankton from Chilean Patagonia (44-46°30’S) were studied during June-July 2012 (austral winter). Ichthyoplankton assemblage was composed by 10 species, with low abundance (3.8 to 16.73 ind. 1000 m-3). Most abundant larvae were Maurolicus parvipinnis, Leptonotus blainvilleanus and Sprattus fuegensis. These three species fed mainly on calanoid copepodites, Paracalanus indicus and Calanus sp. copepodites, and cyphonautes. Trophic overlap among dominant fish larvae was high (Schoener’s D > 0.69) and no significant differences were detected in prey composition and size. Therefore, no resource partitioning occurred in planktonic fish larvae during winter 2012 in Chilean Patagonia

Reducción de imágenes del CFHT

Presentamos resultados preliminares de las reducciones astrométrica y fotométrica de imágenes obtenidas con la Cámara MegaCam del CFHT (Mauna Kea, Hawaii). El objetivo final es confeccionar un catálogo profundo de la zona alrededor de la eclíptica por su particular interés para el estudio de objetos del Sistema Solar. Dicho catálogo contendrá posiciones astrométricas de alta precisión y fotometría multibanda. Los resultados muestran que los procedimientos desarrollados son apropiados para la construcción de un catálogo de estas características.We present preliminary results of astrometric and photometric reductions of images taken with the MegaCam at CFHT (Mauna Kea, Hawaii). The final purpose of the work is to build a deep catalog of the ecliptical zone, which will be particularly useful for studies of the Solar System. This catalog will provide high precision astrometry and multiband photometry. The results show that the adopted criteria and procedures are suitable for this purpose.http://www.astronomiaargentina.org.ar/uploads/docs/baaa57.pdfpublishedVersionFil: Bustos Fierro, Iván H. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Calderón, Jesús H. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Ahumada, Javier A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Calderón, Jesús H. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina.Astronomía (incluye Astrofísica y Ciencias del Espacio

Complejidad y transdisciplinariedad: el desafío de los métodos centrados en la identidad

 The disciplinary separation resulting from the advancement of science and knowledge has generated biases regarding contact, understanding and action in the complexity and levels of reality. Transdisciplinarity, when calling for an examination of the real problems of the world, requires a methodological elaboration of dialogue. The epistemological level of the general methodology is not enough to direct actions of transformation, it requires the elaboration of methodologies that take into account the epistemological assumptions, the specific contexts and put actors and knowledge involved to dialogue. VETAS® Method systematizes a transdisciplinary dialogic methodology, operates as a method focused on identity, and allows applications in complex health situations, organizations and education.La separación disciplinaria resultante del avance de las ciencias y los saberes ha generado sesgos respecto del contacto, la comprensión y la acción en la complejidad y los niveles de la realidad. La transdisciplinariedad, al convocar el examen de los problemas reales del mundo, precisa una elaboración metodológica de diálogo. El nivel epistemológico de la metodología general no basta para encauzar acciones de transformación, se requiere la elaboración de metodologías que tomen en consideración los presupuestos epistemológicos, los contextos específicos y pongan a dialogar actores y saberes involucrados. El Método VETAS® sistematiza una metodología dialógica transdisciplinaria, opera como método centrado en la identidad, y permite aplicaciones en situaciones complejas de salud, las organizaciones y la educación

Disposición al estudio, autoeficacia y atribuciones causales en estudiantes universitarios chilenos

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between (1) willingness to study strategies, (2) causal attributions (to effort, ability and external causes) and (3) student´s perception of self-efficacy about their ability to self-regulate their processes of willingness to study. Method: An instrument built by the researchers called Willingness to the Study Self-Regulation Questionnaire was applied to a non probabilistic convenience sample of 695 Chilean university students from 5 universities of the Province of Concepción. Outcomes: Strong correlations were found between selfefficacy for the willingness to study self-regulation and the willingness to study strategies (r=0.54 to r =0.55). the willingness to study strategies had positive and moderate correlations (r=0.38 to r=0.42) with causal attributions for success to effort, weak correlations (r=0.15 to r=0.28) with causal attributions for success to ability and to external factors, and negative weak to moderate correlations (r=-0.19 to r =-0.38) with causal attributions for failure to effort, ability, and external factors. Conclusions: Students with high levels of willingness to study strategies show positive beliefs about their own ability to self-regulate their processes of willingness to study, they make causal attributions for their success mainly to effort, and they attribute their academic failure less and less to ability and external factors.The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between (1) willingness to study strategies, (2) causal attributions (to effort, ability and external causes) and (3) student´s perception of self-efficacy about their ability to self-regulate their processes of willingness to study. Method: An instrument built by the researchers called Willingness to the Study Self-Regulation Questionnaire was applied to a non probabilistic convenience sample of 695 Chilean university students from 5 universities of the Province of Concepción. Outcomes: Strong correlations were found between selfefficacy for the willingness to study self-regulation and the willingness to study strategies (r=0.54 to r =0.55). the willingness to study strategies had positive and moderate correlations (r=0.38 to r=0.42) with causal attributions for success to effort, weak correlations (r=0.15 to r=0.28) with causal attributions for success to ability and to external factors, and negative weak to moderate correlations (r=-0.19 to r =-0.38) with causal attributions for failure to effort, ability, and external factors. Conclusions: Students with high levels of willingness to study strategies show positive beliefs about their own ability to self-regulate their processes of willingness to study, they make causal attributions for their success mainly to effort, and they attribute their academic failure less and less to ability and external factors.El objetivo de este estudio es: analizar la relación entre (1) Las estrategias disposición al estudio, (2) atribuciones causales (al esfuerzo, capacidad y causas externas) y (3) la percepción de autoeficacia que tienen los estudiantes sobre su capacidad de autorregular sus procesos de disposición al estudio. Método: Se aplicó un instrumento construido por los investigadores denominado Cuestionario de Autorregulación de la Disposición al Estudio a una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 695 estudiantes universitarios chilenos de 5 universidades de la provincia de Concepción. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones fuertes entre la autoeficacia para la autorregulación de la disposición al estudio y las estrategias de disposición al estudio (r=0.54 a r=0.55). Las estrategias de disposición al estudio presentan correlaciones positivas y moderadas (r=0.38 a r= 0.42) con las atribuciones causales de éxito al esfuerzo, débiles (r=0.15 a r= 0.28) con las atribuciones causales de éxito a la habilidad como a las atribuciones causales de éxito a causas externas, y correlaciones negativas, de débiles a moderadas (r=-0.19 a  r= -0.38), con las atribuciones causales de fracaso al esfuerzo, a la habilidad y a causas externas. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes con altos niveles de estrategias de disposición al estudio presentan creencias positivas acerca de la propia capacidad para autorregular sus procesos de disposición al estudio, realizan atribuciones causales de sus éxitos principalmente al esfuerzo y disminuyen las explicaciones de fracasos académicos a su esfuerzo, su capacidad y a causas externas.

Modelo de los determinantes de la actitud hacia la rehidratación

Las políticas de salud suponen que el factor clave de sus programas preventivos está en la participación de la gente respecto a su rehidratación, porque esta se considera un instrumento de prevención de las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas, que han incrementado su tasa de morbilidad recientemente. En tal sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer un modelo de las relaciones causales entre factores sociodemográficos y cognitivos relativos al consumo de bebidas. Para tal propósito, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y correlacional con una muestra de 100 afiliados a un hospital público. A partir de un modelo estructural (X2 = 163.873, 28 gl, p = .000; GFI = .875; AGFI = .840; PGF = .681; RMSEA = .027; RMR = .066), se estableció que la edad determinó negativamente la actitud hacia la rehidratación (β = -.22) mientras que las creencias de rehidratación grupal (CRG) incidieron de manera positiva (β= ,47.). En el marco de las teorías actitudinales, se discutió la inclusión de las normas y percepciones como sus determinantes

Técnicas de apicodentometría : ¿Cuál elegir?

Se define a la apicodentometría como el procedimiento por el cual se determina la longitud de la pieza dentaria mediante el uso de instrumentos colocados dentro del conducto, tomando como punto de referencia el borde incisal o la cúspide (según sea una pieza dentaria anterior o posterior) por un extremo y por el otro el CDC. En este trabajo se busca establecer la comparación de los resultados de las técnicas utilizadas, analizar la efectividad de las técnicas de apicodentometría planteadas para facilitar la terapéutica y acortar los tiempos de trabajo. Comparar las diferentes técnicas para determinar cuál es la más adecuada en cuanto exactitud (Teniendo en cuenta que el límite CDC es un límite histológico y no anatómico) y también en cuanto a facilidad de trabajo.Facultad de Odontologí