Statement of Foliar Fertilization Impact on Yield, Composition, and Oxidative Biomarkers in Rice

In rice crops, fertilization is a naturalized practice, although inefficient, that could be improved by applying foliar fertilization. Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are products of α-linolenic acid peroxidation, useful as biomarkers of oxidative degradation in higher plants. The objective was to determine the effect of the foliar fertilization on the concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs and its relationships with modifications of yield and quality of rice productions. It was described that the concentration of biomarkers of stress decreased with the application of foliar fertilization, being the response significantly different depending the genotypes and compound monitored. Moreover, fertilization did not modify significantly the parameters of yield (961.2 g m−2), 1000 whole-grain (21.2 g), and protein content (10.7% dry matter). Therefore, this is the first work that describes the effect of fertilization on PhytoPs and PhytoFs in rice genotypes and reinforces the capacity of these compounds as biomarkers to monitor specific abiotic stress, in this case, represented by nutritional stress.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Polymeric nanocapsules prevent oxidation of core-loaded molecules: evidence based on the effects of docosahexaenoic acid and neuroprostane on breast cancer cells proliferation

International audienceBackground:Nanocapsules, as a delivery system, are able to target drugs and other biologically sensitive moleculesto specific cells or organs. This system has been intensively investigated as a way to protect bioactives drugs frominactivation upon interaction with the body and to ensure the release to the target. However, the mechanism ofimproved activity of the nanoencapsulated molecules is far from being understood at the cellular and subcellularlevels. Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce the morbidityand mortality from breast cancer. This influence could be modulated by the oxidative status of the diet and it hasbeen suggested that the anti-proliferative properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are enhanced by pro-oxidantagents Methods:The effect of encapsulation of PUFA on breast cancer cell proliferation in different oxidative mediumwas evaluated in vitro. We compared the proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and ofthe non-cancer human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A in different experimental conditions. Results:DHA possessed anti-proliferative properties that were prevented by alpha-tocopherol (an antioxidant) andenhanced by the pro-oxidant hydrogen peroxide that confirmsthat DHA has to be oxidized to exert its anti-proliferativeproperties. We also evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of the 4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane, a bioactive, non-enzymaticoxygenated metabolite of DHA known to play a major role inthe prevention of cardiovascular diseases. DHA-loadednanocapsules was less potent than non-encapsulated DHA while co-encapsulation of DHA with H2O2maintainedthe inhibition of proliferation. The nanocapsules slightly improves the anti-proliferative effect in the case of4(RS)-4-F4t-neuroprostane that is more hydrophilic than DHA. Conclusion:Overall, our findings suggest that the sensitivity of tumor cell lines to DHA involves oxidized metabolites.They also indicate that neuroprostane is a metabolite participating in the growth reducing effect of DHA, but it is not thesole. These results also suggest that NC seek to enhance the stability against degradation, enhance cellular availability,and control the release of bioactive fatty acids following their lipophilicities

Marine Drugs from Sponge-Microbe Association—A Review

The subject of this review is the biodiversity of marine sponges and associated microbes which have been reported to produce therapeutically important compounds, along with the contextual information on their geographic distribution. Class Demospongiae and the orders Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida and Dictyoceratida are the richest sources of these compounds. Among the microbial associates, members of the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria and fungal division Ascomycota have been identified to be the dominant producers of therapeutics. Though the number of bacterial associates outnumber the fungal associates, the documented potential of fungi to produce clinically active compounds is currently more important than that of bacteria. Interestingly, production of a few identical compounds by entirely different host-microbial associations has been detected in both terrestrial and marine environments. In the Demospongiae, microbial association is highly specific and so to the production of compounds. Besides, persistent production of bioactive compounds has also been encountered in highly specific host-symbiont associations. Though spatial and temporal variations are known to have a marked effect on the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds, only a few studies have covered these dimensions. The need to augment production of these compounds through tissue culture and mariculture has also been stressed. The reviewed database of these compounds is available at www.niobioinformatics.in/drug.php

Non enzymatic metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids: friend or foe

Under condition of oxidative stress, free radical mediated peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids generates in vivo, cyclic metabolites like the isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, dihomo-isoprostanes, isofuranes among a large number of key products which participate in many pathophysiological processes. These metabolites display a wide range of biological actions, and some of them are now the most reliable indicators of oxidative stress in humans. In this review, we will discuss several key points of our understanding of those cyclic polyunsaturated fatty acids derivatives, going from multi-step syntheses, analytical chemistry and biological activities

Non enzymatic metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids: friend or foe

Under condition of oxidative stress, free radical mediated peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids generates in vivo, cyclic metabolites like the isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, dihomo-isoprostanes, isofuranes among a large number of key products which participate in many pathophysiological processes. These metabolites display a wide range of biological actions, and some of them are now the most reliable indicators of oxidative stress in humans. In this review, we will discuss several key points of our understanding of those cyclic polyunsaturated fatty acids derivatives, going from multi-step syntheses, analytical chemistry and biological activities

Total Synthesis of Isoprostanes Derived from Adrenic Acid and EPA

International audienceEnantiomerically enriched F2-dihomo-isoprostanes and F3isoprostanes have been synthesized. Such compounds are derived from the action of reactive oxygen species on the phospholipid-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), adrenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively. Of special interest are the F2-dihomo-isoprostanes because they could represent potential biomarkers for myelin damage as its main PUFA constituent is adrenic acid. Our strategy, based on a pivotal enantiomerically enriched intermediate, has allowed access to F2-dihomo-IsoP and both C5 epimers of 5-F3t-IsoP for the first time