¿Están los marcadores de inflamación asociados con una mayor mortalidad en pacientes con fractura de cadera?

Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto que tiene el tratamiento antiagregante sobre la mortalidad en los ancianos que han sufrido una fractura de cadera, así como de otras variables de riesgo asociadas a los ancianos antiagregados con respecto a los no antiagregados, cuando ingresan por fractura de cadera. Pacientes y método: Sobre 1242 pacientes que ingresaron entre el 1 de enero de 2016 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018 en HCU Lozano Blesa, se recogieron los siguientes datos: edad, sexo, demora quirúrgica, número de comorbilidades, toma de AAS o clopidogrel, y fecha de defunción. Se crearon dos cohortes, pacientes antiagregados y no antiagregados, para el análisis estadístico.Resultados: Los pacientes antiagregados son significativamente más ancianos, sufren de más demora quirúrgica y de mayor número de comorbilidades. Todas estas variables aumentan significativamente la mortalidad post-fractura de cadera, medida al mes y a los 24 meses. Por contra, los pacientes antiagregados no tienen un aumento significativo de la mortalidad, frente a los no antiagregados.Conclusión: La toma de antiagregantes podría ejercer de factor de protección en el estudio de la mortalidad en la fractura de cadera, siendo sus características antinflamatorias una de las posibles causas de este efecto. Aunque este estudio dispone de una muestra grande, se precisa de una investigación más potente para esclarecer definitivamente qué papel ejercen en la evolución de la fractura de cadera.<br /

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research