Computer aided inspection procedures to support smart manufacturing of injection moulded components

This work presents Reverse Engineering and Computer Aided technologies to improve the inspection of injection moulded electro-mechanical parts. Through a strong integration and automation of these methods, tolerance analysis, acquisition tool-path optimization and data management are performed. The core of the procedure concerns the automation of the data measure originally developed through voxel-based segmentation. This paper discusses the overall framework and its integration made according to Smart Manufacturing requirements. The experimental set-up, now in operative conditions at ABB SACE, is composed of a laser scanner installed on a CMM machine able to measure components with lengths in the range of 5÷250 mm, (b) a tool path optimization procedure and (c) a data management both developed as CAD-based applications

Mare Geneticum : Balancing Governance of Marine Genetic Resources in International Waters

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Calibration and prediction assessment of different ductile damage models on Ti6Al4V and 17-4PH additive manufactured alloys

Nowadays, metal additive manufacturing is becoming always more popular, being able to deliver complex shaped high quality products. Though many studies have been conducted on the high cycle fatigue behavior of these materials, yet ductile failure has still not been completely investigated, to identify the failure limits under static complex stress states. In the present study, the calibration of three ductile damage models on two popular additive manufactured alloys was carried out. The selected alloys were Ti6Al4V, processed via Electron Beam Melting, and 17-4PH fabricated with Selective Laser Melting technology; both broadly used in actual industrial applications. For each material a set of samples, was fabricated to perform a thorough static mechanical characterization, involving tensile tests on round smooth bars, notched bars, tests under plane strain conditions and torsion tests. The stress state in the critical points was retrieved relying on FEM simulations, and the data collected via the hybrid experimental-numerical procedure subsequently used to tune the damage models. Specifically, the selected models are the Rice and Tracey, the Modified Mohr-Coulomb by Wierzbicki and the one proposed by Coppola and Cortese. While the former does not take into account the effect of Lode parameter, the latter two consider its influence on fracture onset. A minimization algorithm was used for their calibration, and different optimization strategies were adopted to check the robustness of identified parameters. The resulting strains to fracture as a function of damage parameters were plotted for each formulation. The failure prediction accuracy of all models was assessed and compared to the others

calibration and prediction assessment of different ductile damage models on ti6al4v and 17 4ph additive manufactured alloys

Abstract Nowadays, metal additive manufacturing is becoming always more popular, being able to deliver complex shaped high quality products. Though many studies have been conducted on the high cycle fatigue behavior of these materials, yet ductile failure has still not been completely investigated, to identify the failure limits under static complex stress states. In the present study, the calibration of three ductile damage models on two popular additive manufactured alloys was carried out. The selected alloys were Ti6Al4V, processed via Electron Beam Melting, and 17-4PH fabricated with Selective Laser Melting technology; both broadly used in actual industrial applications. For each material a set of samples, was fabricated to perform a thorough static mechanical characterization, involving tensile tests on round smooth bars, notched bars, tests under plane strain conditions and torsion tests. The stress state in the critical points was retrieved relying on FEM simulations, and the data collected via the hybrid experimental-numerical procedure subsequently used to tune the damage models. Specifically, the selected models are the Rice and Tracey, the Modified Mohr-Coulomb by Wierzbicki and the one proposed by Coppola and Cortese. While the former does not take into account the effect of Lode parameter, the latter two consider its influence on fracture onset. A minimization algorithm was used for their calibration, and different optimization strategies were adopted to check the robustness of identified parameters. The resulting strains to fracture as a function of damage parameters were plotted for each formulation. The failure prediction accuracy of all models was assessed and compared to the others

<i>Mare Geneticum</i>: balancing governance of marine genetic resources in international waters

A fair and effective regime regulating benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources (MGR) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) must consider the inclusion of developing states, support scientific research and safeguard investments of the private sector. The present innovative proposal ensures a delicate balance through an approach based on open access, albeit with limitations. Access to MGR in ABNJ is facilitated, but conditional on the public release of collected samples and raw data. Adoption of the open access principle guarantees a powerful form of non-monetary benefit-sharing. The balance is maintained by the option for an extended embargo period, allowing samples and data to be kept confidential for a certain period, against payment to a biodiversity contribution fund. Monetary benefit-sharing, as a sector-negotiated percentage on revenue, could be imposed at the point of product commercialisation, and would offer a tangible payment system with a low transaction cost

Global scientific research commons under the Nagoya Protocol: Towards a collaborative economy model for the sharing of basic research assets

This paper aims to get a better understanding of the motivational and transaction cost features of building global scientific research commons, with a view to contributing to the debate on the design of appropriate policy measures under the recently adopted Nagoya Protocol. For this purpose, the paper analyses the results of a world-wide survey of managers and users of microbial culture collections, which focused on the role of social and internalized motivations, organizational networks and external incentives in promoting the public availability of upstream research assets. Overall, the study confirms the hypotheses of the social production model of information and shareable goods, but it also shows the need to complete this model. For the sharing of materials, the underlying collaborative economy in excess capacity plays a key role in addition to the social production, while for data, competitive pressures amongst scientists tend to play a bigger role

Justice and conservation: The need to incorporate recognition

In light of the Aichi target to manage protected areas equitably by 2020, we ask how the conservation sector should define justice. We focus in particular on ‘recognition’, because it is the least well understood aspect of environmental justice, and yet highly relevant to conservation because of its concern with respect for local knowledge and cultures. In order to explore the meaning of recognition in the conservation context, we take four main steps. First, we identify four components of recognition to serve as our analytical framework: subjects of justice, the harms that constitute injustice, the mechanisms that produce injustices, and the responses to alleviate these. Secondly, we apply this framework to explore four traditions of thinking about recognition: Hegelian inter-subjectivity, critical theory, southern decolonial theory, and the capabilities approach. Thirdly, we provide three case studies of conservation conflicts highlighting how different theoretical perspectives are illustrated in the claims and practices of real world conservation struggles. Fourthly, we finish the paper by drawing out some key differences between traditions of thinking, but also important areas of convergence. The convergences provide a basis for concluding that conservation should look beyond a distributive model of justice to incorporate concerns for social recognition, including careful attention to ways to pursue equality of status for local conservation stakeholders. This will require reflection on working practices and looking at forms of intercultural engagement that, for example, respect alternative ways of relating to nature and biodiversity

A Heightened Perspective - Regional Assessment of the Policy, Legislative and Institutional Frameworks Implementing the Carpathian Convention

This volume aims at assessing the implementation of the Carpathian Convention in the seven member States, through a detailed analysis of the policy, legislative and administrative frameworks. It compares, article by article, the situation in the different Countries, focusing on best practices and formulating recommendations to improve effective implementation, at a national level and regionally