Saúde e condiçoes socioeconômicas em uma unidade prisional no sudeste do Pará / Health and socioeconomic conditions of prisioners in southeast Pará

Existem diversos obsta?culos que dificultam a ressocializac?a?o e a reeducac?a?o dos presos, como a precariedade nos servic?os de sau?de nos presi?dios. Dessa forma, as condic?o?es sanita?rias das penitencia?rias do Brasil sa?o, por vezes, impro?prias para o bem-estar biopsicossocial dos detentos, os tornando mais vulnera?veis a?s diversas patologias. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o perfil epidemiolo?gico dos reeducandos do Centro de Recuperac?a?o Regional Agri?cola Mariano Antunes, entre os anos de 2011 a 2016, com e?nfase nas patologias que possivelmente apresentem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa ecolo?gica de se?rie histo?rica, com abordagem quantitativa realizada com os prontua?rios dos reeducandos. As varia?veis analisadas foram dados sociodemogra?ficos, socioecono?micos, juri?dicos e a doenc?a que possui?a. Entre os reeducandos observou-se uma maioria parda, entre a faixa eta?ria de 19- 28 anos, solteiros, que na?o possui?am o 2o grau, de poder socioecono?mico baixo, filhos de pais separados, com maior incide?ncia de afecc?o?es de pele e de doenc?as sexualmente transmissi?veis. Conclui-se que que os apenados te?m uma situac?a?o desvantajosa e deteriorada comparada a maioria da populac?a?o, assim, e? necessa?rio a efetivac?a?o das poli?ticas de sau?de especificas para esta populac?a?o, a fim de garantir o direito da sau?de para todos

Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar: estratégias educativas para alunos do ensino médio da rede pública no município de Marabá - Pará / Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: educational strategies for public network high school students in the municipality of Maraba - Para

A Parada Cardiorrespiratória (PCR) permanece como um problema mundial de saúde pública. O reconhecimento da necessidade de realizar a Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar (RCP) em indivíduos em situação de emergência, portar habilidades e segurança para fazer as manobras necessárias, não são conhecidas por grande parte da população brasileira. Quando se fala em escolares, o desconhecimento é demasiadamente grande. Buscou-se avaliar a entrega de treinamento teórico e prático da Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar ministrada por acadêmicos de medicina a estudantes do ensino médio da rede pública no município de Marabá - Pará. A amostra foi composta por escolares com faixa etária entre 13 e 20 anos de idade. A pesquisa ocorreu nas dependências de uma escola pública de ensino fundamental e médio do município. A coleta de dados ocorreu em etapas, sendo estas compostas pela aplicação prévia de questionários sociodemográfico e da RCP, apresentação de um vídeo explicativo da RCP, instrução prática de ventilação e compressão torácica e finalizado com a aplicação do questionário sobre a RCP para avaliar o nível de retenção do conhecimento. Houve ganho em todos os aspectos da RCP ensinado aos alunos, sendo consideralmente maior nos “aspectos técnicos”, no qual foi avaliado as habilidades práticas como a “ventilação” e “compressão torácica” dos manequins utilizados. Atividades práticas e teóricas envolvendo a Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar ministrada por acadêmicos de medicina treinados, são capazes de gerar impactos positivos sobre a população de estudantes do ensino médio

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved