Efeito de Bacillus sp. no desenvolvimento de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivado no planalto catarinense (SC)

Artigo apresentado na forma de "banner" na Primeira Mostra Científica e Tecnológica da UFSC CuritibanosCom a crescente demanda por novas tecnologias para mitigar o uso de fertilizante nitrogenado, busca-se a inserção de rizobatérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal para elevar a produtividade do milho (Zea mays L.). Com esse trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar o potencial de isolados de Bacillus sp., no crescimento e produtividade do milho, comparando à adubação nitrogenada em condições de campo. A hipótese inicial foi que os isolados poderiam induzir o crescimento vegetal, as testemunhas para comparação foram os tratamentos com as doses de 0% de N (T1), 50% de N (T2) e 100% de N (T3). Os demais foram inoculados com isolado EB23 (T4), isolado EB12 (T5), isolado EB02 (T6), isolado EB16 (T7) e com inoculante comercial com a estirpe padrão abV5 de Azospirillum brasiliense (T8). Foram avaliadas a massa da matéria úmida e seca da parte aérea, altura de plantas, diâmetro de colmo, teor de N foliar, número de grãos por fileira, fileiras por espiga e diâmetro por espiga. Foi observado que a inoculação com os isolados EB23, EB12 e abV5 se assemelharam ao tratamento com 50% de N no teor de nitrogênio foliar. Na massa de matéria seca da parte aérea o tratamento com o isolado EB23 foi tão eficiente quanto o tratamento com 100% de N. O isolado EB16 alcançou médias superiores a testemunha no diâmetro de espiga, teor de N foliar, diâmetro de colmo e altura de planta. Portanto, os tratamentos com os isolados EB23, EB12, EB16 e abV5 demonstraram eficiência como promotores de crescimento

Controle biológico de Sclerotium cepivorum mediado por Bacillus sp. na cultura do alho

Artigo apresentado na forma de "banner" na Primeira Mostra Científica e Tecnológica da UFSC CuritibanosO alho (Allium sativum) é a hortaliça que ocupa o quarto lugar em importância econômica no Brasil. A região Sul possui maior relevância quanto à produção e à qualidade de cultivares. Suas características de clima frio e úmido durante a época de produção favorece a maior incidência de doenças. Dentre essas, uma das mais agressivas é a Podridão Branca, causada pelo fungo Sclerotium cepivorum. Esse fungo tem poder destrutivo elevado por formar escleródios, fazendo com que permaneça por muitos anos nas lavouras por serem resistentes a vários fatores edafoclimáticos. O controle usual para a doença é o método químico, qual não possuem resultados satisfatórios em campo e com alto custo. Neste sentido, o controle biológico vem crescendo gradualmente por ser um método com manuseio mais seguro (PAVAN, 2015) e de menor custo. Algumas Rizobactérias Promotoras de Crescimento de Plantas (RPCP) possuem a capacidade de produzir antibióticos que protege as plantas de patógenos, como o gênero Bacillus. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de isolados de Bacillus sp., assim como extratos de culturas bacterianas no controle de S. cepivorum in vitro. Resultados preliminares mostraram que os extratos de isolados de Pseudomonas e Actinobactérias não apresentaram efeito de inibição do fungo. Entretanto, os isolados de Bacillus EB01, EB21 e EB22, inibiram significativamente o crescimento de S. cepivorum

Avaliação do crescimento inicial de mudas de bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Benth.) biotizadas com Pseudomonas fluorescente em Sistema Agroflorestal

Artigo apresentado na forma de "banner" na Primeira Mostra Científica e Tecnológica da UFSC CuritibanosA Mimosa scabrella Benth. conhecida popularmente como bracatinga, uma leguminosa (Fabaceae) arbórea nativa da região sul do Brasil, considerada uma espécie pioneira, pois destaca-se por colonizar terrenos perturbados, fazendo parte da floresta de Araucária, às vezes, formando associações puras, conhecidas por bracatingais. A bracatinga, como outras espécies de leguminosas, forma nas raízes, associação com bactérias simbióticas fixadoras nitrogênio, além de outros tipos de promotores de crescimento. O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar o efeito prolongado de isolados de Pseudomonas fluorescente inoculados em mudas de bracatinga, quando levadas ao campo. O experimento foi implantado na fazenda experimental agropecuária do Campus da UFSC em Curitibanos, na área do Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF). Os parâmetros avaliados foram altura das mudas (H), em metros, e o diâmetro do coleto (DC), em centímetros. As medições ocorreram nos meses de abril, maio, julho, agosto, setembro, outubro, novembro e dezembro de 2018 e em fevereiro de 2019. Por meio da análise das médias de cada tratamento, pode-se constatar que as mudas, cujas sementes foram inoculadas com o isolado CBS18 apresentaram os maiores valores para a altura e diâmetro do coleto, em todos os meses observados, afetando positivamente o crescimento das mudas de bracatinga no SAF (Sistema Agroflorestal)

The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Interpretation and Implications for the Neglected Tropical Diseases

This article analyzes the "Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" and examines the study's implications for neglected tropical diseases

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: Basic Research and Enabling Technologies to Support Control and Elimination of Helminthiases

Successful and sustainable intervention against human helminthiases depends on optimal utilisation of available control measures and development of new tools and strategies, as well as an understanding of the evolutionary implications of prolonged intervention on parasite populations and those of their hosts and vectors. This will depend largely on updated knowledge of relevant and fundamental parasite biology. There is a need, therefore, to exploit and apply new knowledge and techniques in order to make significant and novel gains in combating helminthiases and supporting the sustainability of current and successful mass drug administration (MDA) programmes. Among the fields of basic research that are likely to yield improved control tools, the Disease Reference Group on Helminth Infections (DRG4) has identified four broad areas that stand out as central to the development of the next generation of helminth control measures: 1) parasite genetics, genomics, and functional genomics; 2) parasite immunology; 3) (vertebrate) host–parasite interactions and immunopathology; and 4) (invertebrate) host–parasite interactions and transmission biology. The DRG4 was established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). The Group was given the mandate to undertake a comprehensive review of recent advances in helminthiases research in order to identify notable gaps and highlight priority areas. This paper summarises recent advances and discusses challenges in the investigation of the fundamental biology of those helminth parasites under the DRG4 Group's remit according to the identified priorities, and presents a research and development agenda for basic parasite research and enabling technologies that will help support control and elimination efforts against human helminthiases

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Fluorescent Pseudomonads associated with the rhizosphere of crops: an overview Pseudomonas spp. associadas à rizosfera de plantas de uso agrícola: um panorama

Environmental concerns have led to the need of sustainable use of natural resources. The conventional agriculture caused considerable impacts on soils and waters. It is important to change certain agricultural managements to environmental cleaner techniques. The sustainable agriculture has pointed many approaches and techniques to reduce environmental impact. One of those strategies is the utilization of the soil microbiota to induce plant growth, control of plant diseases and biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds. Studies on the relationship between roots and microbiota are essential to achieve viable agricultural applications. These studies indicate that one of the most abundant microorganisms in the rhizosphere (area around the roots) is fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. They have been considered as an alternative to agrochemicals for controlling plant diseases and increasing plant development. This review addresses the main findings on fluorescent Pseudomonads. It summarizes and discusses significant aspects of this general topic, including (i) rhizosphere as a microhabitat; (ii) taxonomic, genetic and ecological aspects of fluorescent Pseudomonads in the rhizosphere; (iii) mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting and Biological Control and (iv) commercial use of PGPR in agriculture.<br>As preocupações com o meio ambiente têm levado à necessidade do uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. A agricultura convencional tem causado impactos consideráveis no solo e nas águas. É importante mudar certas técnicas agrícolas por outras consideradas mais limpas para o meio ambiente. Uma estratégia é a utilização da microbiota do solo para induzir o crescimento de plantas, controlar fitomoléstias e para fazer a biodegradação de compostos xenobióticos. Estudos sobre a relação entre as raízes e a microbiota são essenciais para conseguir aplicações viáveis na agricultura. Estes estudos têm indicado que um dos mais abundantes microrganismos na rizosfera (região ao redor da raiz) é Pseudomonas spp. do grupo fluorescente. Estes têm sido considerados como alternativa tanto aos agrotóxicos no controle de doença de plantas como na indução do seu desenvolvimento. Esta revisão mostra os principais conhecimentos sobre Pseudomonas spp. do grupo fluorescente. Esta resume e discute aspectos significantes deste tópico, incluindo, (i) rizosfera como microhabitat; (ii) aspectos taxonômicos, genéticos e ecológicos de Pseudomonas spp. do grupo das fluorescentes na rizosfera; (iii) mecanismos de Promoção de Crescimento de Plantas e Controle Biológico e (iv) uso comercial de PGPR na agricultura