51 research outputs found
Hybrid quantum annealing for larger-than-QPU lattice-structured problems
Quantum processing units (QPUs) executing annealing algorithms have shown
promise in optimization and simulation applications. Hybrid algorithms are a
natural bridge to additional applications of larger scale. We present a
straightforward and effective method for solving larger-than-QPU
lattice-structured Ising optimization problems. Performance is compared against
simulated annealing with promising results, and improvement is shown as a
function of the generation of D-Wave QPU used.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, supplementary code attachmen
Winston Churchill's "crazy broadcast": party, nation, and the 1945 Gestapo speech
Copyright Β© 2010 by The North American Conference on British Studies. Published version reproduced with permission of the publisher.Article doesn't contain an abstract
Quantum critical dynamics in a 5000-qubit programmable spin glass
Experiments on disordered alloys suggest that spin glasses can be brought
into low-energy states faster by annealing quantum fluctuations than by
conventional thermal annealing. Due to the importance of spin glasses as a
paradigmatic computational testbed, reproducing this phenomenon in a
programmable system has remained a central challenge in quantum optimization.
Here we achieve this goal by realizing quantum critical spin-glass dynamics on
thousands of qubits with a superconducting quantum annealer. We first
demonstrate quantitative agreement between quantum annealing and time-evolution
of the Schr\"odinger equation in small spin glasses. We then measure dynamics
in 3D spin glasses on thousands of qubits, where simulation of many-body
quantum dynamics is intractable. We extract critical exponents that clearly
distinguish quantum annealing from the slower stochastic dynamics of analogous
Monte Carlo algorithms, providing both theoretical and experimental support for
a scaling advantage in reducing energy as a function of annealing time
Quantum error mitigation in quantum annealing
Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) presents a promising near-term approach to
reduce error when estimating expectation values in quantum computing. Here, we
introduce QEM techniques tailored for quantum annealing, using Zero-Noise
Extrapolation (ZNE). We implement ZNE through zero-temperature extrapolation as
well as energy-time rescaling. We conduct experimental investigations into the
quantum critical dynamics of a transverse-field Ising spin chain, demonstrating
the successful mitigation of thermal noise through both of these techniques.
Moreover, we show that energy-time rescaling effectively mitigates control
errors in the coherent regime where the effect of thermal noise is minimal. Our
ZNE results agree with exact calculations of the coherent evolution over a
range of annealing times that exceeds the coherent annealing range by almost an
order of magnitude.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Perspectives on Immunoglobulins in Colostrum and Milk
Immunoglobulins form an important component of the immunological activity found in milk and colostrum. They are central to the immunological link that occurs when the mother transfers passive immunity to the offspring. The mechanism of transfer varies among mammalian species. Cattle provide a readily available immune rich colostrum and milk in large quantities, making those secretions important potential sources of immune products that may benefit humans. Immune milk is a term used to describe a range of products of the bovine mammary gland that have been tested against several human diseases. The use of colostrum or milk as a source of immunoglobulins, whether intended for the neonate of the species producing the secretion or for a different species, can be viewed in the context of the types of immunoglobulins in the secretion, the mechanisms by which the immunoglobulins are secreted, and the mechanisms by which the neonate or adult consuming the milk then gains immunological benefit. The stability of immunoglobulins as they undergo processing in the milk, or undergo digestion in the intestine, is an additional consideration for evaluating the value of milk immunoglobulins. This review summarizes the fundamental knowledge of immunoglobulins found in colostrum, milk, and immune milk
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