31 research outputs found
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
- Author
- Abd Elghafar M. S.
- Abdel-Aziz M.
- Abdelrazik M.
- Abdollahi H.
- Abdullah T.
- Abecasis G. R.
- Abedalthagafi M.
- Abel L.
- Abernathy C.
- Abraheem A.
- Abul-Husn N. S.
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- Wulandari R.
- Wyllie D. H.
- Wynter I.
- Xavier K.
- Xue X.
- Yadav A.
- Yang J.
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- Yates B.
- Ye C.
- Yun N.
- Zainy T.
- Zak A.
- Zaki A.
- Zamikula J.
- Zanella I.
- Zborowski A. C.
- Zeberg H.
- Zechner M.
- Zguro K.
- Zhang M.
- Zhao J. H.
- Zheng C.
- Zhou W.
- Zitter L.
- Zlatopolsky M.
- Zollner S.
- Zongo O.
- Zucchi P.
- Zyndorf M.
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Get PDFCritical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.
- Author
- Abantanga F
- Abbas M
- Abbo O
- Abd El Galeel A
- Abd El Hameed OS
- Abd El Hamid N
- Abd El Salam Y
- Abd El Slam M
- Abd El-Salam F
- Abd Elrasoul Y
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
- Abdallah E
- Abdel-Wahab NYE
- AbdelFattah I
- Abdelgelil A
- Abdelghany S
- Abdelkader M
- Abdelkareem A
- Abdelraheim M
- Abdelshafy M
- Abdulgawad M
- Abdullah AAN
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- Abebe NS
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
- Author
- Aahlin EK
- Aamer A
- Aaniana K
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- Abaliksta T
- Abantanga F
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- Abd Elrasoul Y
- Abd-Elmawla M
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
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- Abdel-Kader SM
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 15/10/2018
- Field of study
Get PDFBackground The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe
Mortality of emergency abdominal surgery in high-, middle- and low-income countries
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- A A Ibrahem
- A A Maghrabi
- A A Nasir
- A A Ne'ma Abdullah
- A Abd El Galeel
- A Abdel-Rahman Al-Aarag
- A AbdelFattah
- A Abdelgelil
- A Abdelkareem
- A Abdelmotaleb Ghazy
- A Aber
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- A Abo Elazayem
- A Aboarab
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- A Adebanjo
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- Z Mikwar
- Z Oof
- Z Urniezius
- Z Zhang
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2016
- Field of study
Get PDFBackground: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low- or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).
Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
Results: Data were obtained for 10 745 patients from 357 centres in 58 countries; 6538 were from high-, 2889 from middle- and 1318 from low-HDI settings. The overall mortality rate was 1⋅6 per cent at 24 h (high 1⋅1 per cent, middle 1⋅9 per cent, low 3⋅4 per cent; P < 0⋅001), increasing to 5⋅4 per cent by 30 days (high 4⋅5 per cent, middle 6⋅0 per cent, low 8⋅6 per cent; P < 0⋅001). Of the 578 patients who died, 404 (69⋅9 per cent) did so between 24 h and 30 days following surgery (high 74⋅2 per cent, middle 68⋅8 per cent, low 60⋅5 per cent). After adjustment, 30-day mortality remained higher in middle-income (odds ratio (OR) 2⋅78, 95 per cent c.i. 1⋅84 to 4⋅20) and low-income (OR 2⋅97, 1⋅84 to 4⋅81) countries. Surgical safety checklist use was less frequent in low- and middle-income countries, but when used was associated with reduced mortality at 30 days.
Conclusion: Mortality is three times higher in low- compared with high-HDI countries even when adjusted for prognostic factors. Patient safety factors may have an important role. Registration number: NCT02179112 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
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- Åsvold B.O.
- Publication venue
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Publication date
- 07/07/2022
- Field of study
Get PDFCritical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection
- Author
- Ç
- Ö
- Ž
- Ž
- Ž
- &apos
- Aahlin Ek
- Aamer A
- Aaniana K
- Ababneh A
- Abaliksta T
- Abantanga F
- Abantanga F
- Abbas A
- Abbas M
- Abbasy J
- Abbo O
- Abbo O
- Abbott T
- Abbouch M
- Abd-Elmawla M
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
- Abdallah E
- Abdallah E
- Abdel-Aty A
- Abdel-Hameed N
- Abdel-Kader Sm
- Abdel-Wahab Nye
- Abdelaal A
- Abdelaty M
- Abdelazeam Ar
- Abdelazim G
- Abdelaziz Ma
- Abdelbadeai K
- Abdelfatah A
- AbdelFattah I
- Abdelgelil A
- Abdelghany S
- Abdelhady S
- Abdelhamed R
- Abdelhamid A
- Abdelhaq A
- Abdelkader M
- Abdelkader M
- Abdelkader O
- Abdelkareem A
- Abdelkhalek M
- Abdelmageed E
- Abdelmotaleb I
- Abdelraheim M
- Abdelraouf Am
- Abdelrouf Dm
- Abdelshafy M
- Abdelshakour M
- Abdrabou Ak
- Abdul-Latif S
- Abdulaziz H
- Abdulaziz M
- Abdulbagi O
- Abdulgawad M
- Abdulhakeem Em
- Abdullah Ma
- Abdullah N
- Abdullah Nan
- Abdullah Nan
- Abdullahi L
- Abdurrazzaaq A
- Abebe Ns
- Abebe Ns
- Abem Oe
- Aber A
- Abington E
- Abiola O
- Aboarab A
- Aboelella M
- Aboelmagd O
- Aboelsoud Mr
- Aboraya M
- Aboraya M
- Abouelnasr A
- Aboul-Naga Ms
- Abouzahra A
- Abouzaid A
- Abozaid M
- Abozeid K
- Abozyed Maf
- Abu-Toyour M
- Abubakr M
- Abudeeb H
- Abuowda Y
- Abuqwaider E
- Abusalem L
- Abuseif M
- Abushamleh S
- Acharya P
- Ackom E
- Acquah E
- Adı
- Adam A
- Adam N
- Adams R
- Adamu A
- Adawi I
- Adawi M
- Adebanjo A
- Adebanjo A
- Adebola O
- Adedeji A
- Adekoya A
- Adel A
- Adel A
- Adel Be
- Adel I
- Adella Fj
- Adelshone A
- Ademuyiwa A
- Ademuyiwa A
- Ademuyiwa Ao
- Ademuyiwa Ao
- Ademuyiwa Ao
- Adenekan B
- Adeniran J
- Adeniran J
- Adeniyi A
- Adeniyi A
- Adesanya O
- Adesanya O
- Adesina A
- Adesina A
- Adesuyi A
- Adeyeye A
- Adeyeye A
- Adeyeye A
- Adham W
- Adhitama N
- Adil M
- Adisa Ao
- Adisa Ao
- Adnan Ab
- Adu-Aryee N
- Afana S
- Afandy A
- Afifi Am
- Afzal M
- Agalianos C
- Agalianos C
- Agarwal A
- Agarwal A
- Agarwal A
- Agbedinu K
- Agius M
- Aglan A
- Aguilar Wlm
- Aguilar Wlm
- Aguilar-Jimenez J
- Aguilera M
- Aguilera Ml
- Aguilera Ml
- Aguilera O
- Aguilera-Arevalo Ml
- Ahlonsou G
- Ahlqvist S
- Ahlqvist S
- Ahlqvist S
- Ahmed A
- Ahmed A
- Ahmed A
- Ahmed Ea
- Ahmed H
- Ahmed H
- Ahmed H
- Ahmed Lam
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed S
- Ahmed Sm
- Ahounou Eys
- Aigrain Y
- Ajah J
- Ajai O
- Ajao A
- Ajao Ae
- Ajiboye A
- Akatibo E
- Akeel N
- Akhtar M
- Akoto E
- Akpenyi O
- Al Amin S
- Al Attar SM
- Al Awwad S
- Al Barrawi FE
- Al Bastawis F
- Al Meligy A
- Al Rafati AAR
- Al Raouf EA
- Al Saied G
- Al Subaie N
- Al-Aarag Aa
- Al-Azraqi Iaa
- Al-Bahrani A
- Al-Buhaisi A
- Al-Dakka E
- Al-Faifi Jj
- Al-Faqawi M
- Al-Farram H
- Al-Hameedi Hii
- Al-Hasani Rkmj
- Al-Khatib A
- Al-Mallah A
- Al-Marakby D
- Al-Mousa M
- Al-Nahrawi S
- Al-Obaedi O
- Al-Saqqa S
- Al-Saqqa Sw
- Al-Shammari A
- Al-Slaibi I
- Al-Taher T
- Alaael-Dein S
- Alada M
- Alahmady O
- Alakaloko F
- Alakaloko F
- Alaloul E
- Alamin S
- Alamoudi M
- Alamoudi U
- Albeladi B
- Albiety A
- Aldalaq A
- Aldhafeeri S
- Aledrisy M
- Alexander P
- Alexander P
- Alexandre C
- Alfarsi Ma
- Alghamdi A
- Alghamdi B
- Alghamdi M
- Alghamdi Msa
- Algohary O
- Alhabli I
- Alhady K
- Alhammali T
- Alhassan B
- Alhazmi W
- Alhendy M
- Alherz M
- Ali A
- Ali A
- Ali A
- Ali Cdm
- Ali E
- Ali Fm
- Ali H
- Ali S
- Ali Sawew
- Ali Ss
- Ali Tha
- Ali W
- Alihonou T
- Alimi Q
- Alimi Q
- Alis H
- Aliyu H
- Aliyu M
- Aliyu S
- Aljboor K
- Aljiffry M
- Aljiffry M
- Aljohani E
- Aljohani E
- Aljohani S
- Alkaaki A
- Alkammash A
- Alkelani M
- Alkhabbaz D
- Alkhouri M
- Allam M
- Allam M
- Allam Y
- Allegri A
- Allegri A
- Allen Jly
- Allen-Ingabire Jc
- Allott R
- Almallah A
- Almanon Cl
- Almoflihi A
- Almuallem S
- Almy J
- Alnaby Mh
- Alnawam E
- Alnuqaydan Sa
- Alnusairat A
- Alomar In
- Alqahtani E
- Alqahtani S
- Alrahawy M
- Alrajraji M
- Alrifaie A
- AlRowais M
- Alsaggaf M
- Alsaggaf Mu
- Alsaggaf Mu
- Alser Oh
- Alshareef R
- Altaf A
- Altaf A
- Altamimi A
- Altamimi A
- Altamimi A
- Altamimi A
- Altamini A
- Altarayra M
- Althwainy A
- Altibi A
- Altinel Y
- Altinel Y
- Altoe F
- Altwigry Am
- Altwijri A
- Alvarez Iiz
- Alvi Ar
- Alwafai Mg
- Aly Ak
- Aly Mym
- Alyacoubi S
- Alyahya R
- Alyami R
- Alyami R
- AlYoussef I
- Alzahrani M
- Alzahrani M
- Alzahrani Mna
- Alzayat T
- Aman Nf
- Amandito R
- Amandito R
- Amandito R
- Amandito R
- Ambrona-Zafra D
- Ambrozeviciute V
- Ameen M
- Amer Ma
- Amin Haa
- Amin J
- Amin J
- Amjad M
- Ammar M
- Ammar Ms
- Amoah M
- Amoako J
- Amoako Pt
- Amoako-Boateng M
- Amole I
- Amreia M
- Amreia M
- Anandkumar D
- Anderson D
- Anderson F
- Anderson R
- Anderson-Knight H
- Andersson L
- Andika Ffa
- Andreotti D
- Andress C
- Andriola V
- Ang Yl
- Angelieri D
- Anis E
- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Ansaloni L
- Antar S
- Antezana D
- Anthoulakis C
- Anthoulakis C
- Antoniozzi A
- Anwar Aw
- Anwar N
- Anwer W
- Anyanwu Lj
- Anyanwu Lj
- Aonzo P
- Appeadu-Mensah W
- Appiah Ek
- Aql S
- Aquilino F
- Arachchi Pp
- Arachchige Lajj
- Arafa O
- Arafa S
- Arango Mcm
- Arango Mcm
- Arango Mcm
- Arango Mcm
- Arango Mcm
- Araujo Jslr
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- Ardley R
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- Arman S
- Arman S
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- Arnaud A
- Arnaud Ap
- Arnaud Ap
- Arnaud Ap
- Arshad Mm
- Arslan E
- Arsyad Hm
- Arthur T
- Arulampalam T
- Aruldas N
- Asaat Ul Razi S
- Asal M
- Asar Yh
- Asare-Bediako K
- Asele Fa
- Ashour A
- Ashour A
- Ashour K
- Ashraf Sf
- Ashtari M
- Ashton A
- Asi F
- Asilah Smd
- Assal A
- Assouto Pa
- Asturias S
- Asumah H
- Ata A
- Ata Aaa
- Ata Ay
- Atiyeh A
- Atkins Et
- Atkinson K
- Atobatele K
- Attallah Na
- Attard M
- Attia A
- Attia Am
- Augestad Km
- Aung Kp
- Austraite A
- Aviles S
- Avoka A
- Awad I
- Awad Sa
- Awadallah S
- Awuku-Asabre J
- Ayad S
- Ayandipo O
- Ayandipo Oo
- Aydin Mc
- Ayyar S
- Aziz Dna
- Aziz Mra
- Aziz Na
- Azizeldine Mg
- Azmitia Jra
- Azodo Ia
- Azzie G
- Azzie G
- Azzis O
- Baba S
- Bachri H
- Badawy M
- Badenjki Ma
- Badicel M
- Badr A
- Badr Mfm
- Badwi Nm
- Badwi Nm
- Badwy A
- Bahar S
- Baheeg M
- Bailey K
- Baillie K
- Baillie K
- Baird A
- Bakhaidar M
- Baki Be
- Bakr A
- Bakry Hm
- Baky Fahmy MA
- Bala M
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- Baldacchino M
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- Balila Rmh
- Balkan Aza
- Ballouhey Q
- Balmaceda R
- Balmaceda R
- Balmaceda R
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- Baltrunas R
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- Bamford R
- Bamicha A
- Bamicha A
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- Bandi A
- Bandoh D
- Bani-Sadar A
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- Baraka H
- Barakat Sae
- Barendegere V
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- Barkolias C
- Barmayehvar B
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- Barnacle J
- Barneo L
- Barrantes Ams
- Barreda Lma
- Barrientos Lam
- Barrios E
- Barrios E
- Barrios E
- Barry J
- Basilicò
- Basir Erm
- Bassem M
- Bassit Ka
- Basso Sm
- Basson S
- Basto Caa
- Batt J
- Bautista Acm
- Bautista Acm
- Bayram S
- Beamon M
- Beasley W
- Beaton C
- Bedada Ag
- Bediako-Bowan A
- Behar N
- Beisa V
- Beisa V
- Bekhet Ah
- Bekhet Nm
- Beleñ
- Belkouchi A
- Belli A
- Bello B
- Benammi S
- Benevento A
- Benevento A
- Benger M
- Bennai Rm
- Benons N
- Bentounsi Z
- Benyaiche C
- Bermú
- Bernardo Cg
- Berti S
- Bertuello I
- Beuran M
- Beuran M
- Beyene R
- Bezzina M
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu A
- Bhargava A
- Bharj Is
- Bhat S
- Bhatnagar A
- Bhattacharya S
- Bhopal Kf
- Bhopal Kf
- Bianco F
- Bigaran A
- Billy M
- Birindelli A
- Birring A
- Bisset C
- Bjö
- Bjö
- Blacker S
- Blackwell J
- Blanco R
- Blanco-Colino R
- Blencowe N
- Blencowe N
- Bliksø
- Blower E
- Bluelle R
- Blundell R
- Boakye-Yiadom K
- Boal M
- Bocchetti T
- Boddy A
- Bode C
- Bode C
- Bodur S
- Boereboom C
- Boggon A
- Boijsen M
- Bokhari S
- Bonavia K
- Bonavina L
- Bonavina L
- Bond-Smith G
- Bondin J
- Bondurri A
- Bondurri A
- Boni S
- Bonnard A
- Bonney W
- Borda-Luque G
- Borg E
- Borg E
- Borg E
- Borin E
- Bortolasi L
- Bortolasi L
- Boshnaq M
- Botero Jam
- Botes S
- Bottini C
- Botto N
- Bouali O
- Bougard H
- Boukhal K
- Bowabsak A
- Bowe R
- Bowley D
- Bowling K
- Bowman C
- Boyce T
- Bré
- Bradulskis S
- Bradulskis S
- Bratu M
- Bratu Mr
- Bratu Rm
- Braungart S
- Bravo Jac
- Bray Ld
- Breistrand M
- Breitenstein S
- Breslin R
- Brincat Sd
- Broch A
- Brogden T
- Brown D
- Brown E
- Brown J
- Brown J
- Browning Drl
- Brunoni B
- Bsisu I
- Bucci L
- Bugaev N
- Bugeja R
- Buisson P
- Bukari M
- Bunting D
- Burger S
- Burmistrovas A
- Burns H
- Bustangi N
- Butt Mt
- Cabrera Ccrr
- Cacurri A
- Cadogan Dd
- Cahill R
- Caliman C
- Callan R
- Calua Ac
- Camacho R
- Cameron B
- Camilleri Gm
- Camilleri-Brennan J
- Camilleri-Brennan J
- Camilleri-Brennan Jf
- Campagnaro T
- Canto Md
- Capito C
- Capleton P
- Carabott K
- Cardozo Jt
- Cardozo Ram
- Careta Mc
- Carlucci M
- Carmona Jm
- Carneros Vj
- Carpio J
- Carrasco N
- Carreira Ja
- Cassar K
- Castillo Vdp
- Castro Mr
- Catani M
- Cautiero R
- Caydiid H
- Cecilia T
- Celik S
- Celis Jmv
- Cengiz Tb
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
- Cengiz Y
- Ceriani C
- Cevik M
- Chabok A
- Chachulski W
- Chai Ca
- Chai Fy
- Chambers A
- Chambers A
- Chan E
- Chan L
- Chan Tk
- Chan Xw
- Chan Z
- Chandrakumar C
- Chang K
- Chang Ky
- Chapman A
- Chapman Sj
- Charles A
- Cheah Aez
- Chen Cy
- Chen Jhc
- Chen Ky
- Chen Tl
- Chenn R
- Cheong Yj
- Chetta N
- Cheung Yhe
- Chew Ls
- Chhabra S
- Chibuye C
- Chidambaram S
- Chiesa D
- Chilton G
- Chin Px
- Chin Yr
- Chiong Jac
- Chiong Jac
- Chiu S
- Chiu S
- Chiu Smy
- Choi J
- Choi P
- Chong Bfhk
- Chong Cl
- Chong Cl
- Chong Cl
- Chong Cs
- Chong Hy
- Chong Hy
- Choudhry A
- Chow Cyn
- Chowdhury A
- Chowdhury D
- Chu K
- Chun A
- Chun T
- Chung Kj
- Chung S
- Ciccioli E
- Cirocchi R
- Ciubotaru C
- Claire R
- Clarissa A
- Clark Dj
- Clark T
- Clegg-Lampety Jn
- Clegg-Lamptey Jn
- Clement Kd
- Clements Jm
- Clerico G
- Clifford C
- Cloro Lm
- Coccolini F
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- Coccolini F
- Cocker Dm
- Cocorullo G
- Cohen Dm
- Cohen F
- Cole S
- Coletta D
- Coletti M
- Collado Mv
- Colombani Jf
- Cona C
- Conci S
- Confalonieri G
- Conlon Kc
- Connor K
- Connor K
- Contreras E
- Contreras-Vergara Al
- Coomber R
- Coompson Cl
- Corbellini C
- Corbellino M
- Cornick J
- Coronel J
- Correa Jc
- Corro-Diaz S
- Costa C
- Costa-Maia J
- Costa-Maia J
- Costas-Chavarri A
- Costas-Chavarri A
- Courboin E
- Court E
- Cox D
- Cox M
- Coyoy-Gaitan O
- Cragg J
- Craus-Miguel A
- Cross K
- Cruz Dh
- Cruz H
- Cucumazzo S
- Cullen F
- Curletti G
- Currow C
- Currow C
- Cury Adl
- Dé
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- D&apos
- Da Silva LA
- Dabboor M
- Dabbour K
- Dabessa D
- Dablouk M
- Dablouk Mo
- Dagoe E
- Dahy A
- Dainius E
- Dakubo J
- Dalli J
- Dally C
- Dambrauskas Z
- Dambrauskas Z
- Dan I
- Danelli P
- Daniels I
- Daniyan M
- Danys D
- Dao W
- Daqeeq A
- Dar M
- Dar W
- Dardenne S
- Darweesh M
- Darwish Ak
- Das A
- Das K
- Das S
- Dasari M
- Dashnyam E
- Dassah V
- Datta U
- Davenport R
- Davies J
- Davies R
- Davor A
- Dawnay G
- Dawood K
- Dawoud H
- Dayie M
- De Boni D
- De Bono P
- De Bono P
- De Castro Segundo LCB
- De Franciscis S
- De Freitas AVC
- De La Medina AR
- de Leó
- De Leon MZP
- De Leon MZP
- de Lima CVB
- De Luca E
- De Marco P
- De Sousa AV
- Deal R
- Dean R
- Deane C
- Debrah S
- Deckelbaum Dl
- Decker E
- Decoud Hp
- Dedekind B
- Dedey F
- Deichsel F
- Del Basso C
- Del Pilar Paucar A
- Delforge X
- Delgado Jm
- Delgado Msftl
- Dell A
- Dempster E
- Denewar A
- Depalma N
- Deputy M
- Der Y
- Dervenis C
- Despotidis V
- Desta S
- Deutschmann P
- Devadasar Gh
- Dharamshi Ha
- Dhillon D
- Di Franco F
- Di Martino N
- Di Saverio S
- Di Saverio S
- Diab A
- Diaconescu B
- Diaconescu Ib
- Dias S
- Diaz-Jover P
- Diaz-Zorrilla C
- Dick L
- Dickfos M
- Dickson L
- Dijan E
- Dimech T
- Din F
- Dindyal S
- Dindyal S
- Dissanayake T
- Djivoh F
- Domini E
- Domini E
- Donnelly P
- Donoghue D
- Dorani Rmnr
- Dorismé
- Dos Santos DV
- Dossou F
- Doughan S
- Doughty J
- Dousset B
- Dragatas D
- Drake Tm
- Drake Tm
- Driscoll A
- Drungilas M
- Du Plessis D
- du Plooy F
- Du Toit F
- Duane T
- Dubois A
- Dueñ
- Duffy L
- Duhoranenayo D
- Duinhouwer L
- Dulskas A
- Durand Sya
- Dwydar A
- Ebdewi H
- Ebidy M
- Ebidy Mm
- Ebrahim Os
- Eduard P
- Edwards J
- Edye M
- Eid Mm
- Eisner L
- Ekow M
- El Ashal G
- El Dahab AA
- El Deen KN
- El Galeel AA
- El Gendy NH
- El Gendy A
- El Halawany M
- El Hameed OSA
- El Hamid NA
- El Jamassi A
- El Kashash A
- El Kholy A
- El Magd AA
- El Mesery S
- El Salam YA
- El Sayed GS
- El Sayed IM
- El Shoura Y
- El Slam MA
- El-Badawy Ha
- El-Dien Ks
- El-Dien Ks
- El-Din Ra
- El-Din Sa
- El-Gizawy E
- El-Hamouly As
- El-Kashef H
- El-Latif Nka
- El-Ma&apos
- El-Rabaa S
- El-Sagheer N
- El-Salam Fa
- El-Sawy A
- El-Sehily A
- El-Shahat Ns
- El-Sheemy H
- El-Taher E
- Elabdin Hz
- Elashmawy M
- Elashry R
- Elazab A
- Elazayem Aa
- Elazoul M
- Elbanby E
- Elbanby Es
- Elbatahgy A
- Elbe P
- Elbermawy M
- Elbisomy Kh
- Eldafrawy M
- Eldamaty L
- Eldeeb Az
- Eldeen Ea
- Eldin Mab
- Elebute O
- Elebute O
- Elena G
- Elfarargy A
- Elfeki H
- Elfeki H
- Elfiky M
- Elfil M
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly N
- Elfouly Y
- Elfouly Y
- Elgebaly A
- Elgendy Ah
- Elgendy Fi
- Elgheriany M
- Elhadad A
- Elhadary Nm
- Elhadry S
- Elhalawany E
- Elhamouly S
- Elhelbawy Ms
- Elhendawy A
- Elhendawy Aoa
- Elhoseny G
- Elhusseiny Aae
- Elkadsh I
- Elkady F
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkelany A
- Elkhadrawi M
- Elkhalek Ea
- Elkholy A
- Elkholy Ss
- Elkolaly Ss
- Elkorashy Am
- Ellison Q
- Elmashala A
- Elmasry M
- Elmelegy R
- Elmihy S
- Elnagar A
- Elnajjar Ma
- Elnemr Ae
- Elrasoul Ya
- Elrazek Aa
- Elsabbagh N
- Elsameea Aa
- Elsawahly Dme
- Elsawy A
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed M
- Elsayed N
- Elsayed Nar
- Elsayed Zm
- Elsebaaye Ao
- Elsehimy M
- Elsemelawy R
- Elshaar M
- Elshaer K
- Elshaer M
- Elshaer M
- Elshafay Ae
- Elshami M
- Elshanwany S
- Elsharkawy Aa
- Elsheikh S
- Elsherbiney S
- Elsherbiny As
- Elsherif Fa
- Elshobary M
- Elsiddig M
- Elsobky S
- Elsorogy Deaa
- Elwaey A
- Elwakil H
- Elwan A
- Elwan A
- Elwy E
- Elzahed N
- Elzayat I
- Elzayat M
- Elzayyat I
- Elzowawi F
- Emadeldin D
- Emadeldin H
- Emara E
- Emile S
- Eng C
- English W
- Esam A
- Escobar Eg.
- Espin-Basany E
- Espinoza F
- Espinoza Kt
- Espinoza Kt
- Essam A
- Essam Aa
- Essam M
- Essoun S
- Esteban E
- Estee Mm
- Estupinian S
- Etchill E
- Etchill E
- Etienne S
- Etman M
- Etwire V
- Evajelista Cv
- Evans D
- Evans E
- Eysa A
- Eyssartier E
- Ezzat E
- Ezzat T
- Faboya O
- Faccincani R
- Fadel A
- Fahiem A
- Fahim M
- Fahy C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
- Fairfield C
- Fakher R
- Falaschi F
- Falco N
- Falzon M
- Farag A
- Farag S
- Farah A
- Farahat Mm
- Faraz A
- Fares M
- Farfan Esf
- Farhad M
- Farhan-Alanie Mmh
- Farhangmehr N
- Farinella E
- Farmakis K
- Farooq T
- Farouk Sam
- Farquharson A
- Farrugia A
- Farrugia A
- Faruq A
- Fathy Am
- Fattah Aa
- Fatuga A
- Faturoti O
- Faturoti O
- Faure A
- Fautz T
- Favero A
- Fawzy A
- Feidantsis T
- Felipe Co
- Fergany A
- Fergusson Sj
- Fergusson Sj
- Fergusson Sj
- Fermani C
- Fermani Cg
- Ferná
- Fernandes C
- Fernandez-Bueno F
- Fernandez-Vega L
- Ferousis C
- Ferreira Sak
- Ferrero E
- Fievet L
- Filatau A
- Findlay-Cooper K
- Firdouse M
- Firdouse M
- Firdouse M
- Firwana A
- Fitsum A
- Fitzgerald Je
- Florez Ljg
- Foco M
- Fok Cyj
- Fontana T
- Foo Cc
- Forlin L
- Forno W
- Fouad A
- Fouad D
- Fouad D
- Fourcade L
- Fowler Aj
- Fozard T
- Fozard T
- Frade F
- Fraga Gp
- Franco H
- Francois P
- Francois-Coridon H
- Francone E
- Freitas Av
- Frey D
- Frisk B
- Fuentes-Rivera L
- Fujii F
- Furqan Mm
- Gü
- Gü
- Gaafar S
- Gaarder T
- Gad A
- Gad Mo
- Gadelkarim M
- Gadhvi V
- Gado A
- Gaiž
- Gaignard E
- Gaignard E
- Gala T
- Gala T
- Galiqi G
- Galleano R
- Gallo G
- Galloway S
- Galvez Cp
- Gamal D
- Gamal E
- Gamal H
- Gamal S
- Gamaly E
- Gamil D
- Gan C
- Gan Yy
- Gani Ma
- Garaycochea O
- Garcí
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- Garcia-Florez L
- Garcia-Marin Ja
- Garcia-Perez Jm
- Garland A
- Gash K
- Gash K
- Gash K
- Gastaldi P
- Gasteratos K
- Gaujoux S
- Gavagna L
- Gbessi Dg
- Gemeah M
- Gemenetzis G
- Gemenetzis G
- George R
- Germanos S
- Germanos S
- Gerosa A
- Gerosa A
- Geuoshy A
- Ghaben A
- Ghandora N
- Ghanem A
- Ghanem E
- Ghanem S
- Ghanem S
- Ghannam M
- Gharib A
- Gharib A
- Ghazy Aa
- Gheith A
- Ghetia M
- Ghetia M
- Ghonaim Ma
- Ghoneem M
- Ghoneim O
- Giacci L
- Giardino Fr
- Giavarini L
- Giglio Mc
- Gilbert R
- Gilbert Rw
- Giles J
- Gillespie M
- Gimzewska M
- Giraldo Rsr
- Giuliani S
- Giuliani S
- Giuriato Tf
- Gkiokas G
- Glasbey J
- Glasbey J
- Glasbey Jc
- Glasbey Jc
- Glover Te
- Glover-Addy H
- Glynn M
- Gobin N
- Gobin N
- Goh Cc
- Goh Cc
- Goh W
- Gohar Meam
- Gokani S
- Goldin E
- Golding D
- Gomaa A
- Gomah M
- Gonzalez M
- Gonzalez Sc
- Goodstein M
- Gosling S
- Gosling Sg
- Gouda A
- Gould L
- Gouldthorpe C
- Gouvas N
- Gouws J
- Graffeille V
- Graffieille V
- Gran M
- Grandinetti Pp
- Grant A
- Grasset E
- Grasset E
- Grassi V
- Gratton R
- Gravante G
- Gravante G
- Gray D
- Grech N
- Green N
- Grella Mg
- Gribauskaite J
- Griffiths E
- Griffiths E
- Griffiths M
- Grima T
- Grisin E
- Grizhja B
- Grobler Dc
- Grosos C
- Grossart C
- Guasti Bpsj
- Gudal A
- Gudal A
- Gudal A
- Gudlaugsdottir K
- Guevara R
- Guglielmo V
- Gui D
- Gulbinas A
- Gulcicek Ob
- Gulielmi A
- Gultom Pa
- Gumar M
- Gunaseelan K
- Gunawan R
- Guner A
- Gunnarsson U
- Guo W
- Gupta A
- Gustafsson U
- Gyamfi Fe
- Gyanchandani N
- Gyedu A
- Habeeb Ma
- Habeeb O
- Habeebullah A
- Hache-Marliere M
- Haddad N
- Hafez At
- Hafez M
- Hafez M
- Hafez S
- Haffreingue A
- Hafiz S
- Hagan R
- Hagar A
- Haines M
- Haines S
- Hajeh H
- Hakim H
- Halhouli O
- Halhouli O
- Halicioglu I
- Hall E
- Hall N
- Hall Nj
- Hall Tf
- Hallam S
- Haloho A
- Hamad Mgm
- Hamaguchi Jlh
- Hamarshi A
- Hamasaki J
- Hamdan A
- Hamdan M
- Hamed Mf
- Hamill D
- Hammad A
- Hammad A
- Hammad Am
- Hampton M
- Hampton Mi
- Hamsho W
- Hanafy M
- Hand C
- Hanks A
- Hanley I
- Hanoun S
- Hanrahan M
- Hanrahan M
- Hanrahan M
- Hanrahan M
- Hantour U
- Hantour U
- Hany E
- Haque M
- Har Pa
- Haraux E
- Harbord P
- Haroun A
- Harper E
- Harrison Em
- Harrison Em
- Harrison N
- Harrison P
- Harrison R
- Hartford L
- Harvey N
- Hasan A
- Hasan A
- Hasan D
- Hasanah A
- Hasanain D
- Hascoet J
- Hashad E
- Hasheminia A
- Hashim A
- Hashish A
- Hashish M
- Haslegrave A
- Hasnan Mb
- Hassaan A
- Hassaan A
- Hassan A
- Hassan A
- Hassan A
- Hassan Ata
- Hassan I
- Hassan M
- Hassan Omm
- Hassan S
- Hassan Z
- Hassanain M
- Hassanain M
- Hassanein Ab
- Havemann I
- Hawkins W
- Heard R
- Heath J
- Heffernan D
- Hegazy Em
- Hegazy Y
- Helene Fc
- Helguero-Santin Lm
- Hemeda D
- Hemingway D
- Hemmila M
- Hemmila M
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- Henderson L
- Heng He
- Henric N
- Henry F
- Henshall De
- Herebat A
- Herikstad R
- Herrera N
- Herrera-Matta J
- Herrod P
- Hervieux E
- Hervieux E
- Hesham O
- Hettiarachchi Ts
- Hewage K
- Heywood Eg
- Highcock S
- Hilal K
- Hinojosa C
- Hjertberg M
- Hjertberg M
- Hmila S
- Ho A
- Ho Cw
- Ho W
- Ho Wc
- Hodonou F
- Hogea M
- Holte S
- Holton P
- Homeida A
- Hoogakker E
- Horobjowsky A
- Hosein Sp
- Hosh M
- Hossaini S
- Hossameldin A
- Houlden C
- Howells L
- Howie Ee
- Hrora A
- Huaman E
- Huaraya Rc
- Humm G
- Hunter K
- Hussain M
- Hussein A
- Hussein S
- Husseini M
- Husseiny R
- Hutch W
- Huwait A
- Iş
- Iacono C
- Iannone I
- Ibraheem Aa
- Ibraheem Hi
- Ibrahem Aa
- Ibrahem Aa
- Ibrahim A
- Ibrahim A
- Ibrahim A
- Ibrahim Am
- Ibrahim E
- Ibrahim Em
- Ibrahim I
- Ibrahim K
- Ibrahim M
- Ibrahim Mh
- Ibrahim Y
- Idress T
- Idris F
- Idris Sai
- Iftekhar F
- Iftikhar Z
- Iftikhar Z
- Ignatavicius P
- Ihediwa G
- Imoro O
- Ingabire Jca
- Ingabire Jca
- Ingabire Jca
- Ioannidis O
- Iordache Fm
- Iqbal Fm
- Iqbal Mr
- Ireland P
- Irtan S
- Irtan S
- Irwin G
- Irwin G
- Irwin G
- Irwin G
- Ishak N
- Iskandar F
- Ismaï
- Ismaï
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- Ismail A
- Ismail M
- Ismail M
- Ismail Mjb
- Ismail Mk
- Ismail Sa
- Israelsson L
- Ivros N
- Iyer D
- Iyer D
- Iyer D
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- Jabbar A
- Jaber S
- Jackson P
- Jacobe M
- Jaffry Z
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- Jaich R
- Jain P
- Jama Gm
- Jamal L
- Janardha Kc
- Janik M
- Jankus T
- Jaradat D
- Jaramillo Ra
- Jarmin M
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- Javed O
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- Jayathilake Ab
- Jck Ng
- Jean-Francois C
- Jeffery A
- Jeffery A
- Jenner E
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- Jennings V
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- Jensen E
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- Jeo Ws
- Jeon H
- Jeremic L
- Jethwani Dl
- Jeyakumar J
- Jeyakumar J
- Jha M
- Jimenez J
- Jimenez-Morillas P
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- Johanna N
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- Jokubauskas M
- Jokubonis K
- Jones C
- Jones C
- Jones E
- Jones Tf
- Jonnalagadda R
- Joosten J
- Jordan H
- Jotautas V
- Jotautas V
- Jovine E
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- Jubran Af
- Juciute S
- Julaihi R
- Jurdell E
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- Kabariti R
- Kabariti R
- Kabba J
- Kabongo K
- Kache S
- Kaci Aa
- Kadiwar S
- Kalakouti E
- Kalles V
- Kalles V
- Kalles V
- Kamarajah Sk
- Kamarulzamil Sna
- Kamil R
- Kamya S
- Kanani A
- Kandil Am
- Kandil H
- Kang Mk
- Kanta Th
- Karabacak U
- Karabelias G
- Karabulut K
- Karahan Sr
- Karakahya M
- Karandikar S
- Karandikar S
- Kariem N
- Karim A
- Karim R
- Karim S
- Karismaningtyas H
- Karjiker P
- Karkeet M
- Karkeet M
- Karlo R
- Karlo R
- Karousos D
- Karumnas P
- Kaselis N
- Kaselis N
- Kasem E
- Kasem Ea
- Kasputyte S
- Kaul A
- Kazanavicius D
- Kedar A
- Kefalidi E
- Keke Kr
- Kelany M
- Kenibar A
- Kennedy Ed
- Kennedy M
- Kennedy R
- Keogh K
- Kerley R
- Kershaw S
- Kesinger M
- Khafagy T
- Khairy H
- Khairy H
- Khajanchi M
- Khaled H
- Khalifah E
- Khalili M
- Khalique A
- Khallaf S
- Khamajeet A
- Khan A
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- Khan Ma
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- Khan S
- Khan T
- Khan Za
- Kharsa S
- Khatri C
- Khatri C
- Khattab K
- Khedr Aeh
- Khg Li
- Khoja A
- Khoja A
- Khokha D
- Khokha V
- Khosla S
- Khreishi R
- Khreishi R
- Khulu Lb
- Khyrallh A
- Kiasat A
- Kidd T
- Kielty P
- Kim My
- Kim Sb
- Kim Sh
- Kimaro M
- Kinandu K
- King R
- King S
- King S
- Kinnera Sv
- Kiran Rp
- Kirby A
- Kirishnan A
- Kirupagaran A
- Kiudelis M
- Kjellin A
- Kkk Li
- Klappenbach R
- Knight S
- Koay Kl
- Kobal Bb
- Koh C
- Koh H
- Koh Py
- Koh S
- Koh S
- Kojo Att
- Kojo Att
- Kojo Att
- Kolosov A
- Komolafe O
- Kondrotas P
- Kong C
- Kong Sn
- Kong V
- Kong V
- Konstantina K
- Kontos M
- Kordorwu Hek
- Korkolis D
- Kosai Nr
- Kosai Nr
- Kose E
- Koskenvuo L
- Kostov E
- Kotb Ahe
- Kotecha D
- Koto Mz
- Kotobi H
- Koumpa F
- Kouraklis G
- Kourdouli A
- Kourdouli A
- Kretzmann H
- Krishna K
- Kruspi S
- Kufeji D
- Kulasabanathan K
- Kuliavas J
- Kumar B
- Kumar B
- Kumar B
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- Kumar S
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- Kumwenda D
- Kushwaha S
- Kushwaha S
- Kusi K
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- Kwakyeafriyie P
- Kwatiwani C
- Kwizera S
- Kwok Sh
- Kyereh M
- Kyriazanos I
- Kyrou G
- Kyziridis D
- Ló
- L&apos
- La Brocca A
- la Medina AR
- la Medina AR
- la Medina AR
- Labib P
- Ladukas A
- Lafferty K
- Lagunavicius K
- Lai Ac
- Lakhani Sm
- Lakshmi Hn
- Lam Fy
- Lam Jcy
- Lam Wh
- Lamanna Gl
- Lanau Miv
- Lando J
- Landolfo G
- Landolfo G
- Lap G
- Lapitan Mc
- Lapitan Mc
- Larsen Jw
- Lasek A
- Lasheen A
- Lasheen Kt
- Latif A
- Laufer Lav
- Laugzemys E
- Laugzemys E
- Laurie K
- Lauzikas G
- Law Jh
- Lawal A
- Lawal Ao
- Lawal T
- Lawal Ta
- Lawani I
- Lawther R
- Lazzari G
- Lazzari V
- Leal A
- Leal M
- Lecompte Jf
- Lee C
- Lee Ex
- Lee F
- Lee K
- Lee Kc
- Lee Ky
- Lee Tsb
- Lemaire Sb
- Leone N
- Leong Fqh
- Leppä
- Leppä
- Leroux J
- Leung Kw
- Leung Mf
- Leusink A
- Lewis J
- Li Ws
- Licari L
- Lieske B
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- Liew I
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- Lilford R
- Lilford R
- Lilford Rj
- Lim G
- Lim H
- Lim J
- Lim Pj
- Lim Sj
- Lim Sj
- Lim Sy
- Limache S
- Limaye N
- Limoges B
- Lintin L
- Lipnickas V
- Litvin A
- Liu Q
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- Livesey A
- Livingston M
- Ljuhar D
- Lo Conte A
- Loaloa Mr
- Lockey J
- Lohse Has
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- Loizides S
- Lokman Maa
- Longstaff L
- Lopez Ce
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- Lopez M
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- Lopez-Arevalo C
- Lorenzon L
- Lossius Wj
- Loughran D
- Low X
- Luc Ar
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- Lundgren Po
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- Lytras D
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- Mabrouk M
- Macchiavello R
- Macchitella Y
- Macchitella Y
- Macdermid E
- Macdonald A
- Macdonald E
- Macdonald L
- Maceviciute K
- Macfarlane A
- Machaca M
- Maciejec L
- Madiba T
- Madkor Mh
- Maffioli A
- Maffioli A
- Magdy A
- Magdy B
- Magdy E
- Magdy H
- Magdy M
- Magdy S
- Magee C
- Maghrabi A
- Maghrabi Aa
- Magri D
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- Mahanty S
- Maharaj G
- Mahdi A
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- Maher Me
- Mahmoud B
- Mahmoud H
- Mahmoud M
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- Mahmoud Mi
- Mahmoud S
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- Mairs Ng
- Maison K
- Maistry N
- Majauskyté
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- Makupe A
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- Manatakis Dk
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- Mangan C
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- Maniscalco A
- Mann T
- Mannu Gs
- Manriquez-Reyes M
- Mansor Ey
- Mansour B
- Mansour S
- Mansuri A
- Mao P
- Mapasse D
- Maple N
- Maraie N
- Marey A
- Marey As
- Margaritis M
- Mariani A
- Marinkovic B
- Marinos C
- Marks E
- Marples L
- Marret Jb
- Marshall Dc
- Martian Bv
- Martin A
- Mas R
- Mason C
- Mata Lps
- Matheu A
- Mathew Sw
- Matos-Puig R
- Matta Jjh
- Mattar O
- Matter Sm
- Mauro L
- Mayasari M
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- Mazrimas P
- Mazzella A
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- McGarvie S
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- Mclean Al
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- McMorran D
- Mcnish D
- Mcphee A
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- Mehrez S
- Mejia Agv
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- Mendizabal Caa
- Mendoza I
- Menegussi J
- Mensah E
- Menshawy A
- Mentula P
- Meqbil J
- Mericliler M
- Merlini D
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- Mesbah N
- Meshref A
- Metwally Mm
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- Miguel Gps
- Mihaljevic Al
- Mihanovic J
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- Mikuckyte D
- Mikwar Z
- Milligan W
- Milligan W
- Mingrone P
- Minguez G
- Minocha A
- Minocha A
- Miranda C
- Mircea H
- Mirghani D
- Mironescu A
- Mironescu A
- Mironescu As
- Mironescu As
- Mirza A
- Mirza S
- Mistry A
- Mitrasinovic S
- Mitroudi M
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- Mittal A
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- Miyasato Hs
- Mizzi C
- Mizzi S
- Mlotshwa M
- Moaty M
- Mochet S
- Modolo Mm
- Modolo Mm
- Modolo Mm
- Moe Tt
- Mogan Yp
- Moghazy Me
- Mohamed A
- Mohamed A
- Mohamed Am
- Mohamed Ar
- Mohamed B
- Mohamed F
- Mohamed I
- Mohamed M
- Mohamed Ma
- Mohamed Maeh
- Mohamed Mm
- Mohamed O
- Mohamed Sr
- Mohameden A
- Mohammad A
- Mohammad A
- Mohammed A
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- Mohammed Ae
- Mohammed Ar
- Mohammed H
- Mohammed Mm
- Mohammed Mmh
- Mohammed S
- Mohan H
- Mohan M
- Mohan M
- Mok Yt
- Mokhtar A
- Molina G
- Mollo Mc
- Monaghan E
- Monaghan E
- Monrad-Hansen Pw
- Montejo Msg
- Monteleone M
- Monteleone M
- Montes I
- Montes I
- Montrimaite M
- Montrimaite M
- Moodley Y
- Moore R
- Moore R
- Mora Jjv
- Morais Pab
- Morales C
- Moran Aer
- Morandi E
- Moreira G
- Moreno Sc
- Morgan C
- Morgan C
- Morshedy Em
- Morsi A
- Morsi M
- Morton D
- Morton D
- Morton R
- Mosad A
- Mosalum O
- Mostafa Ha
- Mostafa M
- Mostafa M
- Mousa M
- Moussa O
- Moustafa A
- Mouttalib S
- Mowafy B
- Mphatsoe Am
- Mshelbwala P
- Msiska N
- Msosa V
- Msosa V
- Muddebihal U
- Mukin Adf
- Muktar U
- Mukuzunga C
- Muller C
- Muller C
- Munera A
- Munhoz Mm
- Munipalle Pc
- Muntean L
- Muntean Li
- Muralha N
- Murphy J
- Murray A
- Murutoglu B
- Musa Aek
- Musleh A
- Musowoya J
- Mussad A
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- Mustafa Ma
- Musyoka Ck
- Mutabazi Az
- Mutabazi Az
- Mutlu D
- Mutlu V
- Muzio E
- Myers J
- Mykoniatis I
- Næ
- Nabawi A
- Nada F
- Nadeem N
- Nadkarni S
- Nagy Gs
- Nahar Sn
- Nair H
- Nanthakumaran S
- Napolitano L
- Napolitano L
- Naqvi Sa
- Naqvi T
- Naranjo Aristizã
- Narayanan R
- Narayanan R
- Narvestad Jk
- Nashaat A
- Nashat M
- Nasher O
- Nashidengo P
- Nasir A
- Nasir Aa
- Nasr A
- Nasr M
- Nasr M
- Nassif D
- Nastri G
- Natalie H
- Nataraja R
- Natili A
- Navarro A
- Nawara C
- Nawawi A
- Nawawi A
- Nayel Ar
- Nazir M
- Ndajiwo A
- Ndajiwo A
- Ndegwa W
- Ndlovu Sr
- Ndwambi P
- Ne&apos
- Negida A
- Negoi I
- Nel D
- Nemeth K
- Neo Yn
- Neo Yt
- Neophytou C
- Nepogodiev D
- Nepogodiev D
- Nepogodiev D
- Nepogodiev D
- Nesaratnam A
- Nessa A
- Nestorovic M
- Nevieraite V
- Newton T
- Ng S
- Ng Yk
- Ng Zh
- Ngayu N
- Ngwa Te
- Niazi Ak
- Nicholson L
- Nighat B
- Nigo S
- Nikberg M
- Nikoloudis N
- Nikoloudis N
- Niragire A
- Niranjan N
- Nirumal Mk
- Niska K
- Nita Ge
- Nita Ge
- Niyirera E
- Njokanma I
- Nnajiuba H
- Nocito A
- Nocito A
- Nofal E
- Noor F
- Normile C
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- North As
- Notarnicola M
- Notarnicola M
- Nouh T
- Nouh T
- Noukpozounkou B
- Novak A
- Nowers J
- Nsengimana Vjp
- Nsengiyumva C
- Ntirenganya F
- Nur&apos
- Nurqistan Hd
- Nwabuoku E
- Nwinee V
- Nwokoro C
- Nyberg J
- Nymo L
- O&apos
- O&apos
- O&apos
- O&apos
- O&apos
- O&apos
- Obute Rd
- Occhionorelli S
- Odeyemi B
- Odeyemi B
- Odutola O
- Ogunsua O
- Ogunyemi A
- Oh J
- Oh J
- Ohene-Yeboah M
- Ojeda Rrb
- Okenabirhie O
- Olajide To
- Olaolorun A
- Olivier J
- Olori S
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- Oludara M
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- Olugbemi M
- Omar Aa
- Omar Me
- Omar Mfw
- Omara S
- Omer Oa
- Onimowo J
- Onuoha C
- Oosterkamp A
- Opoku-Agyeman R
- Oram S
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- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 27/11/2018
- Field of study
Get PDFBackground
End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection.
Methods
This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model.
Results
In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001).
Conclusion
Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone
High Guanidinium Permeability Reveals Dehydration-Dependent Ion Selectivity in the Plasmodial Surface Anion Channel
- Publication venue
- Hindawi Limited
- Publication date
- 27/08/2014
- Field of study
No full textMalaria parasites grow within vertebrate erythrocytes and increase host cell permeability to access nutrients from plasma. This increase is mediated by the plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC), an unusual ion channel linked to the conserved clag gene family. Although PSAC recognizes and transports a broad range of uncharged and charged solutes, it must efficiently exclude the small Na+ ion to maintain infected cell osmotic stability. Here, we examine possible mechanisms for this remarkable solute selectivity. We identify guanidinium as an organic cation with high permeability into human erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum, but negligible uptake by uninfected cells. Transport characteristics and pharmacology indicate that this uptake is specifically mediated by PSAC. The rank order of organic and inorganic cation permeabilities suggests cation dehydration as the rate-limiting step in transport through the channel. The high guanidinium permeability of infected cells also allows rapid and stringent synchronization of parasite cultures, as required for molecular and cellular studies of this pathogen. These studies provide important insights into how nutrients and ions are transported via PSAC, an established target for antimalarial drug development
A Cell-Based High-Throughput Screen Validates the Plasmodial Surface Anion Channel As an Antimalarial Target
- Author
- Publication venue
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- Publication date
- Field of study
No full textThe plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) is an unusual small-conductance ion channel induced on erythrocytes infected with plasmodia, including parasites responsible for human malaria. Although broadly available inhibitors produce microscopic clearance of parasite cultures at high concentrations and suggest that PSAC is an antimalarial target, they have low affinity for the channel and may interfere with other parasite activities. To address these concerns, we developed a miniaturized assay for PSAC activity and carried out a high-throughput inhibitor screen. Approximately 70,000 compounds from synthetic and natural product libraries were screened, revealing inhibitors from multiple structural classes including two novel and potent heterocyclic scaffolds. Single-channel patch-clamp studies indicated that these compounds act directly on PSAC, further implicating a proposed role in transport of diverse solutes. A statistically significant correlation between channel inhibition and in vitro parasite killing by a family of compounds provided chemical validation of PSAC as a drug target. These new inhibitors should be important research tools and may be starting points for much-needed antimalarial drugs
Synergistic Malaria Parasite Killing by Two Types of Plasmodial Surface Anion Channel Inhibitors
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 11/02/2016
- Field of study
No full text<div><p>Malaria parasites increase their host erythrocyte’s permeability to a broad range of ions and organic solutes. The plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) mediates this uptake and is an established drug target. Development of therapies targeting this channel is limited by several problems including interactions between known inhibitors and permeating solutes that lead to incomplete channel block. Here, we designed and executed a high-throughput screen to identify a novel class of PSAC inhibitors that overcome this solute-inhibitor interaction. These new inhibitors differ from existing blockers and have distinct effects on channel-mediated transport, supporting a model of two separate routes for solute permeation though PSAC. Combinations of inhibitors specific for the two routes had strong synergistic action against <i>in vitro</i> parasite propagation, whereas combinations acting on a single route produced only additive effects. The magnitude of synergism depended on external nutrient concentrations, consistent with an essential role of the channel in parasite nutrient acquisition. The identified inhibitors will enable a better understanding of the channel’s structure-function and may be starting points for novel combination therapies that produce synergistic parasite killing.</p></div
Synergistic killing by combinations of primary and residual inhibitors, but not by combinations from one class only.
- Author
- Publication venue
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No full text<p>(A) Isobologram showing effect of fixed ratio combinations of the primary component inhibitor cpd <b>1</b> and the residual transport inhibitor PRT1-20. Each symbol represented the <i>IC</i><sub><i>50</i></sub> for a fixed ratio of the two inhibitors, determined from a full dose response experiment with replicates. Error bars, shown for single compound <i>IC</i><sub><i>50</i></sub> values (symbols on the <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> axes), represent S.E.M. values. Solid line connecting these intercept values is the expected profile for additive parasite killing. Strong synergistic killing was found for this drug combination as the symbols are markedly below the additive line. (B) Isobologram for two primary component inhibitors, showing additive interaction. (C) Isobologram for two residual component inhibitors, showing additive interaction.</p
