The mammals of Angola

Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide range of habitats with contrasting environmental conditions, while endemism tends to be associated with unique physiographic settings such as the Angolan Escarpment. The mammal fauna of Angola includes 2 Critically Endangered, 2 Endangered, 11 Vulnerable, and 14 Near-Threatened species at the global scale. There are also 12 data deficient species, most of which are endemics or near endemics to the countryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Neighborhood Search Technique for the Freeze Tag Problem

The Freeze Tag Problem arises naturally in the field of swarm robotics. Given n robots at different locations, the problem is to devise a schedule to activate all robots in the minimum amount of time. Activation of robots, other than the initial robot, only occurs if an active robot physically moves to the location of an inactive robot. Several authors have devised heuristic algorithms to build solutions to the Freeze Tag Problem. Here, we investigate an update procedure based on a hill-climbing, local search algorithm to solve the Freeze-Tag Problem. Subject Classifications: Metaheuristics, degree-bounded minimum diameter spanning trees, swarm robotics, neighborhood structure, improvement graph, combinatorial optimizatio