46 research outputs found

    The Joint European Compound Library:boosting precompetitive research

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    The Joint European Compound Library (JECL) is a new high-throughput screening collection aimed at driving precompetitive drug discovery and target validation. The JECL has been established with a core of over 321000 compounds from the proprietary collections of seven pharmaceutical companies and will expand to around 500000 compounds. Here, we analyse the physicochemical profile and chemical diversity of the core collection, showing that the collection is diverse and has a broad spectrum of predicted biological activity. We also describe a model for sharing compound information from multiple proprietary collections, enabling diversity and quality analysis without disclosing structures. The JECL is available for screening at no cost to European academic laboratories and SMEs through the IMI European Lead Factory (http://www.europeanleadfactory.eu/)

    Polychronous Interpretation of Synoptic, a Domain Specific Modeling Language for Embedded Flight-Software

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    The SPaCIFY project, which aims at bringing advances in MDE to the satellite flight software industry, advocates a top-down approach built on a domain-specific modeling language named Synoptic. In line with previous approaches to real-time modeling such as Statecharts and Simulink, Synoptic features hierarchical decomposition of application and control modules in synchronous block diagrams and state machines. Its semantics is described in the polychronous model of computation, which is that of the synchronous language Signal.Comment: Workshop on Formal Methods for Aerospace (FMA 2009

    Different shades of default mode disturbance in schizophrenia : Subnodal covariance estimation in structure and function

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    Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with an apparent disruption in the highly associative default mode network (DMN). Interplay between this canonical network and others probably contributes to goal-directed behavior so its disturbance is a candidate neural fingerprint underlying schizophrenia psychopathology. Previous research has reported both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity within the DMN, and both increased and decreased DMN coupling with the multimodal saliency network (SN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). This study systematically revisited network disruption in patients with schizophrenia using data-derived network atlases and multivariate pattern-learning algorithms in a multisite dataset (n = 325). Resting-state fluctuations in unconstrained brain states were used to estimate functional connectivity, and local volume differences between individuals were used to estimate structural co-occurrence within and between the DMN, SN, and DAN. In brain structure and function, sparse inverse covariance estimates of network coupling were used to characterize healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia, and to identify statistically significant group differences. Evidence did not confirm that the backbone of the DMN was the primary driver of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Instead, functional and structural aberrations were frequently located outside of the DMN core, such as in the anterior temporoparietal junction and precuneus. Additionally, functional covariation analyses highlighted dysfunctional DMN-DAN coupling, while structural covariation results highlighted aberrant DMN-SN coupling. Our findings reframe the role of the DMN core and its relation to canonical networks in schizophrenia. We thus underline the importance of large-scale neural interactions as effective biomarkers and indicators of how to tailor psychiatric care to single patients

    Contributions à l'étude des phénomènes de dépendance à l'environnement chez les patients cérébrolésés frontaux

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    Clinical signs of environmental dependency refer to essential notions such as free-will and human autonomy, but few studies have addressed these symptoms and contrasting definitions are available. The aims of this thesis were to contribute to semeiological conceptions of environmental dependency symptoms and to investigate the suggestions of theoretical models of action control, by providing clinical observations and cognitive performances associated with these behaviors. The current interpretations involve executive deficits and an impairment of inhibitory control. The present thesis suggests that this point of view forgets specific aspects of social interaction, which are specific to the human condition. Consequently, some propositions of sociological models and social psychology were introduced. We report five studies with three groups of braindamaged patients with frontal, subcortical and posterior brain lesions. Patients with frontal lobe lesions have demonstrated specific behavioral impairments. These results provide some evidences for distinguish two historical concepts, which are defined as “frontal syndrome” and “dysexecutive syndrome”.Les manifestations comportementales de dépendance à l'environnement renvoient à des concepts fondamentaux tels que le libre-arbitre et l'autonomie de l'homme. Ces phénomènes sont paradoxalement peu étudiés dans la littérature, mais leurs définitions particulièrement discutées et contrastées. Par l'analyse des données empiriques et leur confrontation aux performances des épreuves de l'examen neuropsychologique, les visées de ce travail étaient de contribuer à préciser les définitions sémiologiques de ces manifestations ainsi que d'examiner leurs interprétations théoriques. Sous l'influence des modèles cognitivistes, les phénomènes de dépendance à l'environnement ont été attribués à l'altération de processus inhibiteurs, fréquemment postulés pour être sous la dépendance du contrôle exécutif. La présente thèse suggère que ce point de vue est perfectible, car il néglige ce qui fonde la spécificité du fonctionnement humain en situation d'interaction. Par conséquent, si ce travail s'inscrit résolument dans le champ de la neuropsychologie clinique, il s'inspire de postulats théoriques issus de la sociologie et de la psychologie sociale. Cinq études expérimentales ont été menées auprès de trois groupes de patients neurologiques, porteurs de lésions cérébrales frontales, sous-corticales et postérieures. Des perturbations spécifiquement associées à l'atteinte des structures cérébrales antérieures sont rapportées. Ce travail contribue ainsi à fonder une distinction entre deux concepts historiques de la clinique neuropsychologique, désignés sous les termes de « syndrome frontal » et de « syndrome dysexécutif »

    Théorie de l’esprit et maladies neurodégénératives sous-corticales : profils de déficits et conséquences fonctionnelles

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    International audienceTheory of mind (TOM) refers to the ability to attribute mental states to others, and to predict and explain their behavior on the basis of these psychological contents. The study of TOM in neurodegenerative diseases has been the focus of a growing body of research for the last 15 years. Indeed, the study of TOM abilities in these conditions is interesting in multiple ways. Their cerebral substrates often involve the structures of the social brain, but with different patterns according to etiologies. Moreover, the disruption of these skills is often associated with social and behavioral disturbances. This article offers a review of studies of TOM abilities in subcortical and cortical-subcortical neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular focus on highlighting their specific pattern of disturbances, and the links with general cognitive status and behavioral disorders. Current limitations and future perspectives will also be discussed, in particular concerning assessment methods and links between TOM and functional outcomes.La thĂ©orie de l’esprit (theory of mind [TOM]) dĂ©signe la capacitĂ© Ă  attribuer des Ă©tats mentaux Ă  nos congĂ©nères et Ă  prĂ©dire et interprĂ©ter leur comportement sur la base de ces contenus psychologiques. L’étude de la TOM dans les maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives fait l’objet d’un nombre croissant de travaux depuis une quinzaine d’annĂ©es. L’analyse des capacitĂ©s de TOM prĂ©sente en effet de multiples intĂ©rĂŞts dans le cadre de ces maladies. Leurs substrats cĂ©rĂ©braux impliquent frĂ©quemment, mais de manière diffĂ©renciĂ©e selon les Ă©tiologies, les structures du cerveau social. De plus, l’altĂ©ration de ces compĂ©tences s’accompagne frĂ©quemment de perturbations sociocomportementales. Cet article propose une revue des Ă©tudes sur les capacitĂ©s de TOM dans les maladies neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ratives sous-corticales et cortico-sous-corticales, en s’attachant Ă  mettre en avant les diffĂ©rents profils de troubles de la TOM et les liens avec le fonctionnement cognitif gĂ©nĂ©ral et les troubles comportementaux. Les limites et perspectives pour les Ă©tudes futures seront Ă©galement Ă©voquĂ©es, notamment en regard des mĂ©thodes d’évaluation et des liens entre TOM et rĂ©percussions fonctionnelles

    Intérêts de la réalité virtuelle pour l’évaluation et la prise en charge des perturbations cognitives et comportementales associées au vieillissement pathologique

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    International audienceLa réalité virtuelle regroupe des techniques d’immersion du sujet en environnements artificiels permettant l’interaction avec des objets reproduisant des propriétés de perception et d’action. Elle implique l’utilisation d’interfaces qui permettent notamment de mesurer les mouvements de l’utilisateur et de stimuler ses organes sensoriels. La réalité virtuelle a connu des développements importants ces dernières décennies, avec des applications dans divers domaines. Les potentialités offertes par cette technique en neuropsychologie ont été reconnues plus récemment. Cette revue de littérature vise à présenter l’intérêt de la réalité virtuelle et sa contribution à l’évaluation et à la prise en charge des perturbations cognitives et comportementales associées aux pathologies neurodégénératives. Summary Virtual reality combines various techniques enabling an immersion in artificial environments and interaction with objects that reproduce properties of perception and action. It involves the use of interfaces that among other things enable measures of the user's movements and stimulation of his sensory organs. Virtual reality has seen significant developments in recent decades, with applications in various areas of research. However, the potential of this technique in neuropsychology has been recognized only recently. This literature review aims to present the interest of virtual reality and its potential contribution to the evaluation and rehabilitation of cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with neurodegenerative diseases
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