36 research outputs found
Chemical composition of heartwood and sapwood of Tectona grandis characterized by CG/MSâPY
Teak wood has chemical compounds that can be used for pharmaceutical and textile industries,
in addition, this compounds are related to resistance to biodeterioration, color and modification
processes. Heartwood and sapwood of T. grandis (teak), 15 years-old, were characterized by
Py-CG/MS analysis and syringyl (S)/guaiacyl (G) ratio was evaluated. Heartwood and sapwood
were pyrolyzed at 550 °C and 62 and 51 compounds were identified from them, respectively. The
acetic acid (10%) and levoglucosan (26.65%) were the most abundant compound in the sapwood
and heartwood, respectively. The high acetic acid content enhances the use of teak wood to
production of artificial essences for perfumery, paints, dyes. While levoglucosan can be used in the
manufacture of epoxy resins, antiparasitic and insecticides. The organic compounds identified include
2-methylanthraquinone as one of the main component responsible for the resistance of the teak wood
to biological factors (fungi and termites). The syringyl (S)/guaiacyl (G) ratio of heartwood and sapwood
was 0.51 and 0.50, respectivelyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
A golden age for heavy quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by
the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an
explosion of related experimental activity. The early years of this period were
chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in
2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that
time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the
broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles
could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII
program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the -factories and CLEO-c
flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the
Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the
deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality,
precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for
continuing investigations. The plethora of newly-found quarkonium-like states
unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such
as quark-gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the
spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of c\bar{c}, b\bar{b},
and b\bar{c} bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical
approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. The
intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have
emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and
cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark-gluon plasma studies. This review
systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing
directions for ongoing and future efforts.Comment: 182 pages, 112 figures. Editors: N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, B. K.
Heltsley, R. Vogt. Section Coordinators: G. T. Bodwin, E. Eichten, A. D.
Frawley, A. B. Meyer, R. E. Mitchell, V. Papadimitriou, P. Petreczky, A. A.
Petrov, P. Robbe, A. Vair
PARTICLEBOARD PRODUCTION WITH RESIDUES FROM MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF AMAZONIAN WOODS
ABSTRACT The lack of use of the residues generated by the mechanical processing of wood and their inadequate disposal are challenges for the timber industry. They have potential for products with higher value. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of residues generated by the mechanical processing of Amazonian woods Caryocar villosum, Hymenolobium excelsum, Mezilaurus lindaviana, Erisma uncinatum, Tachigali myrmecophyla and Qualea paraensis in the high-density particleboard production. The panels produced had nominal density of 850 kg.m-3, nominal thickness of 15.7 mm and 8% of phenol formaldehyde adhesive. The physical-mechanical properties of the panels produced from each species and with a mixture of all of them in equal parts were evaluated. The specimens from the panels were prepared for physical tests (apparent density, moisture content, water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical tests (static bending - modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, and internal bond) according to the standard ABNT NBR 14810-3. The mechanical properties of the particleboards manufactured with the C. villosum, H. excelsum and T. myrmecophyla residues were generally superior than those of the other species and met one or more of the minimum requirements indicated by the ANSI A208.1 standard for (H-1 classification) and for floors production (PBU classification)
Quality of Pinus sp. pellets with kraft lignin and starch addition
Pellets are widely used for power generation because they use renewable raw material with easy
storage, transport and high energy density. However, the structural fragility, disintegrating during
handling, transport and storage, is one of the main problems of pellets, but the addition of binders/
additives can minimize this fragility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of wood
pellets with the addition of starch (corn and wheat) and kraft lignin in different proportions. Pellets
were produced with the addition of starch (wheat and corn) and kraft lignin in the proportions of 1,
2, 3, 4 and 5% in relation to the mass of wood particles of Pinus sp., with 12% moisture (dry basis),
classified in 3 and 1 mm sieves and compacted in a pelleting press in the laboratory, according to
European standard EN 14961-2. Physical and mechanical properties of the pellets were evaluated and
their densitometric profiles obtained from the Faxitron LX-60 X-ray equipment. Corn starch and kraft
lignin additives at 4% improved pellet properties (density, fines and hardness), reducing their losses
during handling, storage and transportinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora
International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1% and 84.1%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation
Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora
International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1% and 84.1%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation