Pojetí revoluce v díle N. A. Berďajeva

Tato práce se věnuje studiu pojetí revoluce v díle ruského filosofa N.A. Berd'ajeva. Nejprve je načrtnuta celková charakteristika díla tohoto filosofa a zvláštní pozornost je věnována jeho stylu. Hlavním cílem práce je popsat Berd'ajevův vztah k samotnému pojmu revoluce z filo- sofického, sociologického a historiosofického pohledu a dát ho do souvislosti s historickými událostmi první čtvrtiny 20. století v Rusku. K tomu jsou použity Berd'ajevovy statě ve sbornících Problémy idealismu, Milníky (Věchy) a De profundis (Iz glubiny) a dále jeho práce Duchovní krize inteligence, Duchovní základy ruské revoluce a Filosofie nerovnosti.This thesis is focused on a concept of revolution in writings of Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. It starts with general characteristics of a philosopher's works and special attention is given to the style of his writing. Main objective of the thesis is a description of Berdyaev's relation to the term revolution itself, which is given from philosophical, sociological and his- toriosophical perspective, as well as putting his notion of revolution into the context of histor- ical events that has occurred during the first quarter of 20th century in Russia. Thesis draws on Berdyaev's articles that appeared in these collections of papers: The Problems of Idealism (Problemy idealizma), Signposts (Vekhi), De profundis (Iz glubiny) and on his works: The Spir- itual Crisis of the Intelligentsia, The Philosophy of Inequality, The Spiritual Origins of Russian Revolution.Institute of East European StudiesÚstav východoevropských studiíFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

The concept of revolution in the work of N.A. Berdyaev

This thesis is focused on a concept of revolution in writings of Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. It starts with general characteristics of a philosopher's works and special attention is given to the style of his writing. Main objective of the thesis is a description of Berdyaev's relation to the term revolution itself, which is given from philosophical, sociological and his- toriosophical perspective, as well as putting his notion of revolution into the context of histor- ical events that has occurred during the first quarter of 20th century in Russia. Thesis draws on Berdyaev's articles that appeared in these collections of papers: The Problems of Idealism (Problemy idealizma), Signposts (Vekhi), De profundis (Iz glubiny) and on his works: The Spir- itual Crisis of the Intelligentsia, The Philosophy of Inequality, The Spiritual Origins of Russian Revolution

Altered proliferation and networks in neural cells derived from idiopathic autistic individuals.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are common, complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for ASD pathogenesis have been proposed based on genetic studies, brain pathology and imaging, but a major impediment to testing ASD hypotheses is the lack of human cell models. Here, we reprogrammed fibroblasts to generate induced pluripotent stem cells, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons from ASD individuals with early brain overgrowth and non-ASD controls with normal brain size. ASD-derived NPCs display increased cell proliferation because of dysregulation of a β-catenin/BRN2 transcriptional cascade. ASD-derived neurons display abnormal neurogenesis and reduced synaptogenesis leading to functional defects in neuronal networks. Interestingly, defects in neuronal networks could be rescued by insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a drug that is currently in clinical trials for ASD. This work demonstrates that selection of ASD subjects based on endophenotypes unraveled biologically relevant pathway disruption and revealed a potential cellular mechanism for the therapeutic effect of IGF-1