Rules and fuzzy rules in text: concept, extraction and usage

Several concepts and techniques have been imported from other disciplines such as Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to the field of textual data. In this paper, we focus on the concept of rule and the management of uncertainty in text applications. The different structures considered for the construction of the rules, the extraction of the knowledge base and the applications and usage of these rules are detailed. We include a review of the most relevant works of the different types of rules based on their representation and their application to most of the common tasks of Information Retrieval such as categorization, indexing and classification

Smart Campus: Trends in cybersecurity and future development

Smart Campus is an entity of any kind that uses technology and infrastructure to support and improve its processes, so people can use them better. This paper reviews the literature to contextualize the Internet of Things and its vital importance for the Smart Campus, as well as its relationship with the concepts of cybersecurity and wireless sensor network. We describe the various interrelationships, tendencies, and future development of a Smart Campus, as well as the differences and similarities with the emerging concept of Smart University. This review revealed that the Internet of Things is involved in all fields and can influence and improve the university’s processes to contribute to decision-making, technological development, and academic learning. To conclude, Smart University focuses on improving the infrastructure of universities through technology, with the main purpose of enhancing the quality of the education provided by institutions

Control del barrenador de las semillas, bephratelloides cubensis ashmead (hymenoptera: eurytomidae) en guanábana, annona muricata l. (annonales: annonaceae)

The insecticides dimethoate, malathion, ethyl-chlorpyriphos, cipermetrine, endosulphan and azadirachtine were evaluated for controlling the seed borer B. cubensis on soursop under field conditions. Dosage of 40, 150, 48, 40, 94.5 and 30 g of active ingredient in 100 L of water, respectively, were used. Likewise, pocketing of fruits with organdi mesh and perforated, transparent plastic bags to avoid humidity accumulation were evaluated. The experiment was repeated twice. The evaluated variable was percentage of infested seeds. Pocketing of fruits with organdi mesh was the best treatment (0.0 and 1.6 % of infestation). The fruits covered with plastic bags showed zero percent of infestation, but these displayed burn spots and a decrease in growth. Dimethoate was the best insecticide treatment (0.75 and 5.9 % of damage), followed by cipermetrine (0.8 and 17.83 % of damage). En condiciones de campo se evaluaron los insecticidas dimetoato, malatión, clorpirifos-etil, cipermetrina, endosulfán y azadiractina para el control del barrenador de las semillas B. cubensis en guanábana. Las dosis aplicadas fueron: 40, 150, 48, 40, 94. 5 y 30 g de i.a. en 100 L de agua, respectivamente; asimismo, se evaluó el embolsado de frutos con tela de organza y bolsas de plástico transparentes y perforadas para evitar la acumulación de humedad. El experimento se repitió en dos ocasiones. La variable evaluada fue el porcentaje de semillas infestadas. El embolsado de frutos con tela de organza fue el mejor tratamiento (0.0 y 1.6% de infestación), en los frutos cubiertos con bolsas de plástico se observó cero porciento de infestación, pero éstos presentaron quemaduras y una disminución en el crecimiento. De los insecticidas evaluados el dimetoato fue el mejor tratamiento (0.75 y 5.9% de infestación) seguido de la cipermetrina (0.8 y 17.83% de infestación)

Genomic diversity of burkholderia pseudomalleiIsolates, Colombia

We report an analysis of the genomic diversity of isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis, recovered in Colombia from routine surveillance during 2016–2017. B. pseudomallei appears genetically diverse, suggesting it is well established and has spread across the region

Experiências de estudantes de enfermagem compreendidas a partir de um grupo focal assistido por tecnologia durante COVID-19

Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias de los estudiantes enfermeros en sus contextos familiar, social, académica y laboral en tiempos de COVID-19. Método: estudio de enfoque interpretativo hermenéutico, guiado por la técnica de grupo focal asistido por la tecnología, que permitió la interacción y expresión libre de los participantes. Se utilizó una guía metodológica con cinco preguntas dirigidas por el moderador y recolección de notas de campo. Se aplicó la teoría fundamentada como método de análisis del corpus narrativo. Resultados: se halla que las demandas de la pandemia y las intersecciones de roles emergentes atraviesan el cuerpo; los capitales económicos se tornan en vaivén; y la formación académica se percibe incompleta entre las ausencias y las redes de apoyo. Conclusión: los jóvenes estudiantes cuentan con escasos capitales para avanzar en la transición de trayectorias vitales durante la pandemia. Debido a la intersección entre sus estudios en virtualidad exclusiva, las demandas familiares y económicas emergentes, sufren alteraciones físicas, mentales y relacionales; de otra, consideran insuficientes sus aprendizajes en esta modalidad. No obstante, la sensibilidad pedagógica de algunos docentes, la espiritualidad y el apoyo del Estado, son evaluados por ellos como soportes relevantes que permiten adaptarse a estos cambios y atravesar obstáculos.Objective: To explore the experiences of student nurses in their family, social, academic and work contexts in times of COVID-19. Method: The study has a hermeneutical interpretive approach, guided by the technology-assisted focus group technique, which allowed the interaction and free expression of the participants. A methodological guide was used with five questions directed by the moderator and collection of field notes. Grounded theory was applied as a method of analysis of the narrative corpus. Results: the demands of the pandemic and the intersections of emerging roles are found to run through the body; economic capitals turn to and fro; and academic training is perceived as incomplete between absences and support networks. Conclusion: young students have little capital to advance in the transition of life trajectories during the pandemic. Due to the intersection between his studies in exclusive virtuality, emerging family and economic demands, suffer physical, mental and relational alterations; on the other, they consider their learning in this modality insufficient. However, the pedagogical sensitivity of some teachers, the spirituality and the support of the State, are evaluated by them as relevant supports that allow them to adapt to these changes and overcome obstacles.Objetivo: Explorar as experiências de estudantes de enfermagem em seus contextos familiar, social, acadêmico e de trabalho na época do COVID-19. Método: O estudo possui uma abordagem interpretativa hermenêutica, norteada pela técnica do grupo focal assistido por tecnologia, que permitiu a interação e a livre expressão dos participantes. Utilizou-se um guia metodológico com cinco questões dirigidas pelo moderador e coleta de notas de campo. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados foi aplicada como método de análise do corpus narrativo. Resultados: as demandas da pandemia e as interseções de papéis emergentes percorrem o corpo; os capitais econômicos giram de um lado para o outro; e a formação acadêmica é percebida como incompleta entre faltas e redes de apoio. Conclusão: os jovens estudantes têm pouco capital para avançar na transição das trajetórias de vida durante a pandemia. Devido à intersecção de seus estudos em virtualidade exclusiva, emergentes demandas familiares e econômicas, sofrem alterações físicas, mentais e relacionais; de outro, consideram insuficiente o aprendizado nessa modalidade. No entanto, a sensibilidade pedagógica de alguns professores, a espiritualidade e o apoio do Estado, são por eles avaliados como apoios relevantes que lhes permitem adaptar-se a estas mudanças e ultrapassar obstáculos

Critical role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in MELAS disease

MELAS syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder that is caused mainly by the m.3243A > G mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Here, we report on how the severity of pathophysiological alterations is differently expressed in fibroblasts derived from patients with MELAS disease. We evaluated mitophagy activation and mitochondrial biogenesis which are the main mechanisms regulating the degradation and genesis of mitochondrial mass in MELAS fibroblasts and transmitochondrial cybrids. Our results suggest a critical balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis which leads to the expression of different degrees of pathological severity among MELAS fibroblast cell lines according to their heteroplasmy load and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK-activators such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PGC-1α) nuclear translocation, mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant enzyme system response, autophagic flux and improved pathophysiological alterations in MELAS fibroblasts with the most severe phenotype. Our findings support the hypothesis that mitochondrial biogenesis, increased antioxidant response and autophagy clearance serve as compensatory mechanisms in response to mitophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria and point out that AMPK is an important player in this balance.This work was supported by FIS PI13/00129 grant, Ministerio de Sanidad, Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-Unión Europea), Proyecto de Investigación de Excelencia de la Junta de AndalucíaCTS-5725, and by AEPMI (Asociación de Enfermos de Patología Mitocondrial).Peer Reviewe

The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009 December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in temperature estimates for stars with T_eff<5000 K and in metallicity estimates for stars with [Fe/H]>-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2). The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014.Comment: 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at http://www.sdss3.org/dr

Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. isolated in Spain from 2013 to 2015 produced a variety of carbapenemases including VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, NDM-1 and VIM-2

Objectives: There is little information about carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter spp.We studied the molecular epidemiology and microbiological features of CP Citrobacter spp. isolates collected in Spain (2013-15). Methods: In total, 119 isolates suspected of being CP by the EUCAST screening cut-off values were analysed. Carbapenemases and ESBLs were characterized using PCR and sequencing. The genetic relationship among Citrobacter freundii isolates was studied by PFGE. Results: Of the 119 isolates, 63 (52.9%) produced carbapenemases, of which 37 (58.7%) produced VIM-1, 20 (31.7%) produced OXA-48, 12 (19%) produced KPC-2, 2 (3.2%) produced NDM-1 and 1 (1.6%) produced VIM- 2; 9 C. freundii isolates co-produced VIM-1 plus OXA-48. Fourteen isolates (22.2%) also carried ESBLs: 8 CTX-M-9 plus SHV-12, 2 CTX-M-9, 2 SHV-12 and 2 CTX-M-15. Fifty-seven isolates (90.5%) were C. freundii, 4 (6.3%) were Citrobacter koseri, 1 (1.6%) was Citrobacter amalonaticus and 1 (1.6%) was Citrobacter braakii. By EUCAST breakpoints, eight (12.7%) of the CP isolates were susceptible to the four carbapenems tested. In the 53 CP C. freundii analysed by PFGE, a total of 44 different band patterns were observed. Four PFGE clusters were identified: cluster 1 included eight isolates co-producing VIM-1 and OXA-48; blaVIM-1 was carried in a class 1 integron (intI-blaVIM-1 - aacA4-dfrB1-aadA1-catB2-qacE¿1/sul1) and blaOXA-48 was carried in a Tn1999.2 transposon. Conclusions: We observed the clonal and polyclonal spread of CP Citrobacter spp. across several Spanish geographical areas. Four species of Citrobacter spp. produced up to five carbapenemase types, including coproduction of VIM-1 plus OXA-48. Some CP Citrobacter spp. isolates were susceptible to the four carbapenems tested, a finding with potential clinical implications

The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III

The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) is designed to measure the scale of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of matter over a larger volume than the combined efforts of all previous spectroscopic surveys of large scale structure. BOSS uses 1.5 million luminous galaxies as faint as i=19.9 over 10,000 square degrees to measure BAO to redshifts z<0.7. Observations of neutral hydrogen in the Lyman alpha forest in more than 150,000 quasar spectra (g<22) will constrain BAO over the redshift range 2.15<z<3.5. Early results from BOSS include the first detection of the large-scale three-dimensional clustering of the Lyman alpha forest and a strong detection from the Data Release 9 data set of the BAO in the clustering of massive galaxies at an effective redshift z = 0.57. We project that BOSS will yield measurements of the angular diameter distance D_A to an accuracy of 1.0% at redshifts z=0.3 and z=0.57 and measurements of H(z) to 1.8% and 1.7% at the same redshifts. Forecasts for Lyman alpha forest constraints predict a measurement of an overall dilation factor that scales the highly degenerate D_A(z) and H^{-1}(z) parameters to an accuracy of 1.9% at z~2.5 when the survey is complete. Here, we provide an overview of the selection of spectroscopic targets, planning of observations, and analysis of data and data quality of BOSS.Comment: 49 pages, 16 figures, accepted by A