A violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: atuação do enfermeiro em sua prática profissional.

The sexual barbarity faced in childhood is identified as an obstacle in public health and a factor that causes numerous complications in the personal, family and social life of the victim; covering psychological, legal, social aspects causing traumas for the entire experience. Nursing is of utmost importance in preventive and educational actions, as well as in the suspicion of what has happened. Therefore, the article aims to identify sexual violence against children and adolescents, recognizing the role of nurses in their professional practice. This is an integrative bibliographic analysis with a qualitative approach, through bibliographic searches in the bases of BVS-BIREME, LILACS, SciELO and BDENF, and analysis of studies published in full, from 2017 to 2022, free in Portuguese, English and Spanish, which have in their title the health descriptors related to the theme. The research used for the preparation of this article demonstrate the assistance and care of nurses aimed at victims, describing their attributions and interventions in professional practice as well as possible complications and related diagnoses. It is concluded that nursing has an incisive role in the detection of such occurrences. However, to implement an effective performance and offer an adequate and efficient service, nurses must be trained for this purpose.A barbaridade sexual enfrentada na infância é identificada como um obstáculo na saúde pública e um fator que ocasiona inúmeras complicações na vida pessoal, familiar e social da vítima; abrangendo aspectos psicológicos legais, sociais ocasionando traumas para toda vivência. A enfermagem é de suma importância nas ações preventivas, educativas e da suspeita do ocorrido. Portanto, o artigo objetiva identificar a violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, reconhecendo a atuação do enfermeiro na sua prática profissional. Discorre de uma análise bibliográfica integrativa com abordagem qualitativa, por intermédio de buscas bibliográficas referentes nas bases da BVS-BIREME, LILACS, SciELO e BDENF, e análise dos estudos publicados na íntegra, de 2017 a 2022, gratuitos na língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, que tem em seu título os descritores em saúde relacionados à temática. As pesquisas utilizadas para a elaboração deste artigo demonstram a assistência e os cuidados do enfermeiro voltado às vítimas, descrevendo as suas atribuições e intervenções no exercício profissional bem como possíveis complicações e diagnósticos relacionados. Conclui-se que a enfermagem tem um papel incisivo na detecção de tais ocorrências. Contudo, para implementação de uma atuação eficaz e ofertar um serviço adequado e eficiente, o enfermeiro deve capacitar-se para essa finalidade

Estratégias de aquisição da casa própria: a trajetória de algumas famílias negras paulistanas nas décadas de 1920 a 1940

In Brazil, there is a cultural belief that property acquisition is the wisest attitude to ensure a safe and stable economy. For generations, the "dream of property ownership" has been cultivated as a horizon to be achieved. Confirming this tendency, since the 1920s, "casa propria" (home ownership) became a notion mobilized in the black press periodicals, circulating as a desirable aspiration and an orientation to the journals public. Between 1924 and 1937, two of the main newspapers of São Paulo black press, O Clarim da Alvorada and A Voz da Raça, carried out a campaign in favor of property ownership, spreading among paulista black families the importance of property acquisition. These campaigns are an important sign for the relevance of buying a property for black families at that time. In this paper, we seek to analyze it as an intergenerational social security strategy, through the presentation of three cases of black families that accomplished this goal between 1920s and 1940s. The black families testimonies reported here indicate precocity, specificities and strategies that represent new challenges for the formulation of property ownership problem, from a racial point of view.No Brasil, há uma crença cultural de que a atitude mais sábia para garantir uma economia doméstica segura e estável é a aquisição da casa própria. Por gerações, o “sonho da casa própria” tem sido cultivado como um horizonte a se atingir. Confirmando essa tendência, desde a década de 1920, a “casa própria” torna-se uma noção mobilizada nos periódicos da imprensa negra, circulando em diversos artigos como uma aspiração desejável e uma orientação ao público dos jornais. Entre 1924 e 1937, dois dos principais jornais da imprensa negra paulista, O Clarim da Alvorada e A Voz da Raça, realizaram uma campanha em favor da casa própria, difundindo entre as famílias negras paulistanas a ideia da importância da aquisição imobiliária. Essas campanhas constituem um indício importante da relevância da aquisição residencial para as famílias negras do período. Neste trabalho, procuramos analisar essa importância como estratégia de seguridade social intergeracional, por meio da apresentação de três casos de famílias negras que realizaram esse objetivo entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940. Os depoimentos das famílias negras aqui reportados indicamprecocidade, especificidades e estratégias que representam novos desafios para a reflexão sobre a formulação do problema da casa própria, a partir do ponto de vista racial

Geographic distribution and spatial differentiation in the color pattern of abdominal stripes of the Neotropical stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836, regionally known as "mandaçaia", has been traditionally divided in two distinct subspecies: M. quadrifasciata anthidioides and M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata. The main difference between the subspecies refers to the yellow metasomal stripes which are continuous in M. q. quadrifasciata and discontinuous in M. q. anthidioides. This study investigated the geographic differentiation in the metasomal stripes and characterized the restriction sites in the mtDNA of both chromatic types. Specimens from 198 localities were examined, and the variation observed in the pattern of stripes was grouped into distinct classes. The distribution pattern found in the present work agrees with the previously reported pattern: M. q. quadrifasciata inhabits the southern portion of the distribution, from Misiones, Argentina, southeastern Paraguay and Rio Grande do Sul to southern São Paulo, and M. q. anthidioides ranges from northeastern São Paulo to the northern Diamantina Plateau, Bahia, and westwards to the central portion of the Goiás state. It is documented for the first time the occurrence of two populations with continuous stripes inhabiting disjunct areas in relation to M. q. quadrifasciata - one in northern Minas Gerais and another in northeastern Bahia and Sergipe. The data of RFLP showed two restriction patterns, one present in M. q. quadrifasciata, and another in M. q. anthidioides and in populations with continuous metasomal stripes from northern Minas Gerais and northeastern Bahia and Sergipe. The observed patterns of geographic differentiation of M. quadrifasciata suggests the occurrence of repeated events of geographical isolation, followed by range expansion, that occurred probably during the cycles of climatic changes in the Pleistocene

Fast Pyrolysis of Sisal Residue in a Pilot Fluidized Bed Reactor

The objective of this research was to study the fast pyrolysis of sisal residue, performed in a pilot unit with a fluidized bed reactor. The tests were carried out by varying the flows of nitrogen (8-14 N m(3)/h), biomass (10.33-25.95 g/ min), and temperature (450-550 degrees C). The experimental planning technique was used to identify the number of tests and the influence of operational variables on the bio-oil yield. One of the highest H-2/CO (2.16) ratios was found from the eighth test on, which was an appropriate value for the production of methanol and liquid biofuels. All bio-oil samples produced were characterized, and the results showed that the sisal residue bio-oil is different from other bio-oils reported in the literature. It has high viscosity at room temperature, with a pour point of 55 degrees C and average molecular weight of 414.2 g/mol. In addition, phenolic species completely prevail in relation to the other monomeric components. The biochar obtained is an amorphous, fine powder. Despite the porosity, its specific surface area is lower than of commercial activated carbon

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved