91 research outputs found

    Le cas des violences scolaires

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    Le centenaire de la loi sur la "répression des violences, voies de fait, actes de cruautés et attentats commis envers les enfants" adoptée le 19 avril 1898 est l'occasion, à l'aube de la célébration des 10 ans de l'Institut des hautes études de la sécurité intérieure, d'opérer un retour sur les recherches financées par cet institut sur le thÚme des violences à enfants. Nous retenons plus particuliÚrement les violences scolaires qui, outre le fait d'avoir mobilisé neuf équipes de recherche ent..

    Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

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    Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

    Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

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    Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

    La fabrique des « bons petits gars » : Rugby éducatif et socialisation à la citoyenneté de la jeunesse populaire toulousaine

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    Facteur structurel du systĂšme toulousain d’action publique dont il contribue Ă  assurer la stabilitĂ©, le rugby tend Ă  maintenir la dimension socio-Ă©ducative de celui-ci dans une forme d’entre-soi confinant Ă  l’immobilisme. AdossĂ©e Ă  la « grande famille du rugby » sans en ĂȘtre partie prenante, l’association socio-sportive Rebonds ! joue la diffĂ©rence et dĂ©veloppe des actions Ă©ducatives sollicitant le rugby distinctes des clubs et de la logique fĂ©dĂ©rale. Prestataire des collectivitĂ©s locales, elle intervient prioritairement auprĂšs des Ă©tablissements scolaires des quartiers populaires identifiĂ©s par la politique de la Ville. Concevant l’éducation comme une socialisation mĂ©thodique Ă  mĂȘme de permettre l’articulation des dispositions des jeunes rugbymen d’origine populaire Ă  une variĂ©tĂ© de contextes frĂ©quentĂ©s, elle oeuvre Ă  la fabrication d’une citoyennetĂ© du quotidien.As a structural factor in the Toulouse system of public action and of which it continues to contribute to ensuring its stability, rugby tends to maintain the socio-educational dimension of the sport within the same circles which borders on inaction. Backed by the « big family of rugby », without being fully part of it, the socio-sports association Rebonds ! plays on its difference and develops educational actions calling upon the rugby that is distinctive of clubs and the federal logic. Serving the local community, the association intervenes mainly in schools located in working-class districts as identified by the City’s policy. Conceiving education as a methodical socialization process enabling young, working class rugbymen to articulate their dispositions to a variety of contexts encountered, this sport is striving for a form of citizenship in everyday life

    La fabrique des « bons petits gars »

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    Facteur structurel du systĂšme toulousain d’action publique dont il contribue Ă  assurer la stabilitĂ©, le rugby tend Ă  maintenir la dimension socio-Ă©ducative de celui-ci dans une forme d’entre-soi confinant Ă  l’immobilisme. AdossĂ©e Ă  la « grande famille du rugby » sans en ĂȘtre partie prenante, l’association socio-sportive Rebonds ! joue la diffĂ©rence et dĂ©veloppe des actions Ă©ducatives sollicitant le rugby distinctes des clubs et de la logique fĂ©dĂ©rale. Prestataire des collectivitĂ©s locales, elle intervient prioritairement auprĂšs des Ă©tablissements scolaires des quartiers populaires identifiĂ©s par la politique de la Ville. Concevant l’éducation comme une socialisation mĂ©thodique Ă  mĂȘme de permettre l’articulation des dispositions des jeunes rugbymen d’origine populaire Ă  une variĂ©tĂ© de contextes frĂ©quentĂ©s, elle oeuvre Ă  la fabrication d’une citoyennetĂ© du quotidien.As a structural factor in the Toulouse system of public action and of which it continues to contribute to ensuring its stability, rugby tends to maintain the socio-educational dimension of the sport within the same circles which borders on inaction. Backed by the « big family of rugby », without being fully part of it, the socio-sports association Rebonds ! plays on its difference and develops educational actions calling upon the rugby that is distinctive of clubs and the federal logic. Serving the local community, the association intervenes mainly in schools located in working-class districts as identified by the City’s policy. Conceiving education as a methodical socialization process enabling young, working class rugbymen to articulate their dispositions to a variety of contexts encountered, this sport is striving for a form of citizenship in everyday life

    L'action publique europeenne de contrĂŽle du supporterisme saisie par l'action collective: Le Progetto Ultra de Bologne

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    Se estudian en primer algunas diferentes polĂ­ticas pĂșblicas puestas en prĂĄctica en el ĂĄmbito europeo para intentar regular el fenĂłmeno de los hinchas futbolĂ­sticos (el modelo represivo inglĂ©s y el preventivo belga). DespuĂ©s se pasa a estudiar un modelo de regulaciĂłn que emana de los propios hinchas: el "Progetto Ultra" nacido en Bolonia con la vocaciĂłn de encarnar una alternativa a los modelos oficiales de control del fenĂłmeno "hooligan"

    Les normes de conduite dans les stades

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    Les supporters de football et la rĂšgle : 'du spectateur occasionnel au supporter Ă  plein temps, du visiteur esseulĂ© au groupe de partisans, des organisations officielles aux associations autonomes, chaque style d'engagement s'inscrit dans un systĂšme de normes et de valeurs'. A partir d'observations de terrain auprĂšs des supporters organisĂ©s du Racing Club de Lens, Ă©tude de la façon dont 'le licite et l'illicite s'Ă©difient dans une dynamique mĂȘlant les diffĂ©rentes fractions partisanes et le club'

    Intra-muros

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    Forme carcĂ©rale rĂ©cente de gouvernement de la jeunesse dĂ©linquante, l’établissement pĂ©nitentiaire pour mineurs (EPM) se prĂȘte Ă  une dĂ©centration du regard sociologique propre Ă  apprĂ©hender la dĂ©tention par le bas. Une sociologie des expĂ©riences de dĂ©tention permet ainsi de saisir les initiatives entreprises par les jeunes prisonniers afin de parvenir Ă  une mise en scĂšne de soi constituant le moyen privilĂ©giĂ© d’amĂ©lioration de leur quotidien carcĂ©ral. Soumis Ă  la double contrainte consistant Ă  rĂ©pondre aux exigences des diffĂ©rents professionnels intervenant dans l’institution tout en satisfaisant aux attentes et codes des codĂ©tenus, les adolescents incarcĂ©rĂ©s font valoir une posture biface qui conditionne leur vie en prison. RegroupĂ©s au sein de nombreuses activitĂ©s collectives organisĂ©es dans des environnements partagĂ©s, les mineurs tentent de tirer parti des dispositions spatio-temporelles prĂ©sentĂ©es par l’EPM pour faire la dĂ©monstration, plus ou moins ostensiblement, de leurs capacitĂ©s Ă  investir des comportements et des conduites susceptibles de leur garantir la production d’une impression idĂ©alisĂ©e d’eux-mĂȘmes livrĂ©e Ă  tous.The Juvenile Correctional Institution (Ă©tablissement pĂ©nitentiaire pour mineurs - EPM) is a recent form of confinement to manage delinquent youth in France. This penal institution allows for a decentering of the sociological perspective allowing the apprehension of detention from the bottom up. A sociology of confinement experiences makes it possible to grasp the strategies developed by young prisoners in order to stage a production of themselves aimed at improving their everyday life intra-muros. Bound by the double constraint to respond to different professional demands of the institution and to satisfy expectations and codes of co-detainees, confined teenagers put forward a dual posture which conditions their life in prison. These minors try to use the spatial-temporal layout of the EPM to the best of their advantage to demonstrate, more or less ostensibly, their ability to adopt behaviours and actions likely to guarantee the production of an idealized impression of themselves, staged for all to see
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