Reconstruction of the historical and cultural landscape of the late XIX century"Settlement "Kamennaya melnitsa""in the process of future designers training

Today, the problem of preservation of historical and cultural landscapes as the objects of local history, eyewitnesses to the memory of Kazan development, as the objects for thedevelopment of domestic tourism in Tatarstan, is especially urgent. One of such objects is the lost cultural and historical landscape of the studied object “Settlement“ Kamennaya Melnitsa””, located at Vysokogorsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan. At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries, there was the flour production, belonging to the family of merchants - the Suslovs. In the course of the work, geological, hydrological, ecological and historical features of the Blue Lakes area and the history of flour milling industry, using water mills, were studied. The article presents the main provisions, which allow to implement the project of reconstruction the historical and cultural landscape of the “Settlement “Kamennaya Melnitsa””, located within the specially protected natural area of the "Blue Lakes" reserve, into the study programs of the additional education institutions of the small homeland history. This is done with the aim to preserve historical connection of generations, as well as to promote the process of reviviscence of cultural and historical objects. Detailed characteristics and description of the objects of historical and cultural landscape is given in the work. The practical experience is shown in a logical sequence from the initial studies of the surviving remnants of historical objects to the project of its renovation and 3-D visualization.Keywords: historical and cultural landscape, cultural and historical heritage, renovation, reconstruction, 3-D visualization

Creation, doubling, and splitting, of vortices in intracavity second harmonic generation

We demonstrate generation and frequency doubling of unit charge vortices in a linear astigmatic resonator. Topological instability of the double charge harmonic vortices leads to well separated vortex cores that are shown to rotate, and become anisotropic, as the resonator is tuned across resonance

Adiabatic Theory of Electron Detachment from Negative Ions in Two-Color Laser Field

Negative ion detachment in bichromatic laser field is considered within the adiabatic theory. The latter represents a recent modification of the famous Keldysh model for multiphoton ionization which makes it quantitatively reliable. We calculate angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates for the Hydrogen ion in a bichromatic field with 1:3 frequency ratio and various phase differences. Reliability of the present, extremely simple approach is testified by comparison with much more elaborate earlier calculations.Comment: 22 pages, 6 Postscript figure

Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR

Substantial experimental and theoretical efforts worldwide are devoted to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. At LHC and top RHIC energies, QCD matter is studied at very high temperatures and nearly vanishing net-baryon densities. There is evidence that a Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) was created at experiments at RHIC and LHC. The transition from the QGP back to the hadron gas is found to be a smooth cross over. For larger net-baryon densities and lower temperatures, it is expected that the QCD phase diagram exhibits a rich structure, such as a first-order phase transition between hadronic and partonic matter which terminates in a critical point, or exotic phases like quarkyonic matter. The discovery of these landmarks would be a breakthrough in our understanding of the strong interaction and is therefore in the focus of various high-energy heavy-ion research programs. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR will play a unique role in the exploration of the QCD phase diagram in the region of high net-baryon densities, because it is designed to run at unprecedented interaction rates. High-rate operation is the key prerequisite for high-precision measurements of multi-differential observables and of rare diagnostic probes which are sensitive to the dense phase of the nuclear fireball. The goal of the CBM experiment at SIS100 (sNN= 2.7--4.9 GeV) is to discover fundamental properties of QCD matter: the phase structure at large baryon-chemical potentials (μB> 500 MeV), effects of chiral symmetry, and the equation of state at high density as it is expected to occur in the core of neutron stars. In this article, we review the motivation for and the physics programme of CBM, including activities before the start of data taking in 2024, in the context of the worldwide efforts to explore high-density QCD matter

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫХ РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫХ Т КЛЕТОК И ИХ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО МАРКЕРА FOXP3 У ЧАСТО БОЛЕЮЩИХ ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В УСЛОВИЯХ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ

The study presents the review of recent literature on microbial resistance in children suffered from reccurent respiratory infaction (RRI). Special aspects of immune system in children with allergy and acute respiratory infection are discussed. We report the description of natural regulatory T lymphocytes subpopulations and their transcription factor FOXP3 in frequently ill children. Dynamic changes in Treg concentration and expression of FOXP3 in groups of healthy, children with RRI and children with combination of RRI and allergy are described. It is proved that in case of allergy despite its aetiology and severity, children have increased concentration of CD4+CD25hi in blood. We suggest that in children with RRI and allergy an insufficient function of Treg is compensated by the increased number of cells and in this case they have a remission of allergy. Treatment of acute allergy by topical or inhaled glucocorticosteriods leads to the increased expression of molecular marker FOXP3 and can be considered as one of their modes of action. В статье представлены современные данные отечественной и зарубежной литературы по проблеме противоинфекционной резистентности часто болеющих детей. Обсуждаются особенности иммунитета при острых респираторных инфекциях у детей с аллергическими заболеваниями. Представлена характеристика субпопуляций естественных регуляторных Т лимфоцитов и их транскрипционного фактора FOXP3 у часто болеющих детей. Описана динамика изменения содержания Treg и экспрессия FOXP3 у здоровых, часто болеющих и часто болеющих детей с аллергией. Установлено, что при аллергических заболеваниях у детей, независимо от их нозологии и тяжести течения, в крови повышено процентное содержание CD4+CD25hi. Высказано предположение, что дефект функции Treg у часто болеющих детей с аллергией полностью или частично компенсируется за счет повышения численности клеток: в этом случае развивается ремиссия аллергического заболевания. Применение местных или ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов при лечении обострения аллергического заболевания приводит к повышению экспрессии молекулярного маркера FOXP3, что можно рассматривать как один из механизмов их терапевтического действия

Crystal chemical simulation of superconductors on the basis of oxide and intermetallic layers

Simulation of 'hybrid' superconductors of 3d-, 4d- and 5d-transition elements consisting of two different superconducting fragments located between positively charged ions planes - B'O2 oxide planes and B2C2 intermetallic layers - has been performed on the basis of the structure of Sr2Mn3As2O2 (A2(B2C2)(B'O2)). The oxide planes are similar to those of CuO2 in high-temperature superconducting cuprates while the intermetallic layers - to those of Ni2B2 in low-temperature superconducting borocarbides RNi2B2C and Fe2As2 layers in high-temperature superconducting oxypnictides RFeAsO1-xFx.Comment: Title changed by the Editor of Supercond. Sci. Technol., published versio

Electrically stimulated light-induced second-harmonic generation in glass: evidence of coherent photoconductivity

A strong electrostatic field applied to glass is spatially modulated by intense light at frequencies ω and 2ω. The phenomenon is explained in terms of photoconductivity being dependent on the relative phase of the light fields at different frequencies

A Novel Function of Apolipoprotein E: Upregulation of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression

Despite the well known importance of apolipoprotein (Apo) E in cholesterol efflux, the effect of ApoE on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) has never been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ApoE on ApoB-carrying lipoprotein-induced expression of ABCA1, a protein that mediates cholesterol efflux. Our data demonstrate that ApoB-carrying lipoproteins obtained from both wild-type and ApoE knockout mice induced ApoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux in mouse macrophages, which was associated with an enhanced ABCA1 promoter activity, and an increased ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression. In addition, these lipoproteins increased the level of phosphorylated specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and the amount of Sp1 bound to the ABCA1 promoter. However, all these inductions were significantly diminished in cells treated with ApoE-free lipoproteins, when compared to those treated with wild-type lipoproteins. Enrichment with human ApoE3 reversed the reduced inducibility of ApoE-free lipoproteins. Moreover, we observed that inhibition of Sp1 DNA-binding by mithramycin A diminished ABCA1 expression and ApoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux induced by ApoB-carrying lipoproteins, and that mutation of the Sp1-binding motif in the ABCA1 promoter region diminished ApoB-carrying lipoprotein-induced ABCA1 promoter activity. Collectively, these data suggest that ApoE associated with ApoB-carrying lipoproteins has an upregulatory role on ABCA1 expression, and that induction of Sp1 phosphorylation is a mechanism by which ApoE upregulates ABCA1 expression

ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors