Dayağa Karşı Dayanışma ve Mor İğne Kampanyalarında “Şiddet” ve “Cinsel Taciz”in Kavramsallaştırılması

This article will examine the two foundational campaigns of the feminist movement after 1980s, the Campaign Against Battering of Women and Purple Needle Campaign. While these two campaigns problematized and struggled against “violence against women” and “sexual harassment/sexual assault” respectively, these forms of attacks on women’s bodies did not have proper names in Turkish back then, when the two campaigns were carried out. Rather than “violence against women” terms such as battering, beating, hitting were used in Turkish to refer to this problem. There was no term to cover the terms “sexual harassment” or “sexual assault” in Turkish either, and highly visualized terms such as touching a woman’s body, pinching were some of the most widely used ones to describe the unwanted attacks on female bodies. This article traces the history of the terms, “violence against women” and “sexual harassment/sexual assault”, in Turkish and argues that both terms were coined throughout the processes of the formulation, organization, and carrying out of these two campaigns. I argue that the use of the terms “violence” and “sexual harassment” made these two major attacks on female bodies political issues that can be expressed, discussed, and struggled against. Bu çalışmada 1980 sonrası feminist hareketin iki öncü kampanyası olan Dayağa Karşı Dayanışma ve Mor İğne kampanyalarını ele alacağım. Cinsiyet temelli şiddet biçimleri olan “dayak” ve “sarkıntılığın”, bu iki kampanyanın tasarlanma, örgütlenme ve yürütülme süreçlerinde “şiddet” ve “cinsel taciz” olarak yeniden tarif edilmelerinin önemine değineceğim. Bu feminist kavramsallaştırma süreci sayesinde kişisel olanın politikleştirildiğini, yani şiddet ve cinsel tacizin üzerine konuşulabilir, tartışılabilir, mücadele edilebilir hale getirildiğini öne sürüyorum. Kavramsallaştırmadan kastım bu mücadele ve dayanışma kampanyaları sürecinde dayak, pataklama, sopa gibi terimlerin yerine kadına yönelik şiddet; sarkıntılık, elleme, gibi tabirler yerine cinsel taciz kavramlarının kullanılmaya başlanmasıdır. Bu yeniden adlandırma süreci, kendiliğinden olmamış, feminist yöntem arayışının sonucunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu kavramların günümüzdeki yaygın kullanımlarına bakılacak olursa bu iki kampanyanın kalıcı kazanımı olduğu öne sürülebilir

Technologies of contraception and abortion

Soon to turn 60, the oral contraceptive pill still dominates histories of technology in the ‘sexual revolution’ and after. ‘The pill’ was revolutionary for many, though by no means all, women in the west, but there have always been alternatives, and looking globally yields a different picture. The condom, intrauterine device (IUD), surgical sterilization (male and female) and abortion were all transformed in the twentieth century, some more than once. Today, female sterilization (tubal ligation) and IUDs are the world's most commonly used technologies of contraception. The pill is in third place, followed closely by the condom. Long-acting hormonal injections are most frequently used in parts of Africa, male sterilization by vasectomy is unusually prevalent in Britain, and about one in five pregnancies worldwide ends in induced abortion. Though contraceptive use has generally increased in recent decades, the disparity between rich and poor countries is striking: the former tend to use condoms and pills, the latter sterilization and IUDs. Contraception, a term dating from the late nineteenth century and since then often conflated with abortion, has existed in many forms, and techniques have changed and proliferated over time. Diverse local cultures have embraced new technologies while maintaining older practices. Focusing on Britain and the United States, with excursions to India, China and France, this chapter shows how the patterns observed today were established and stabilized, often despite persistent criticism and reform efforts. By examining past innovation, and the distribution and use of a variety of tools and techniques, it reconsiders some widely held assumptions about what counts as revolutionary and for whom. Analytically, it takes up and reflects on one of the main issues raised by feminists and social historians: the agency of users as patients and consumers faced with choice and coercion. By examining practices of contraception alongside those of abortion, it revisits the knotty question of technology in the sexual revolution and the related themes of medical, legal, religious and political forms of control

Survey Paper XML Technologies For Garnet Collaboration System

1 Real world objects require models to be represented in computer applications. Such models vary in terms of locality as well as representation. What properties of objects need to be maintained and what others can be omitted will always be questions asked by modelers. In addition to this, modeled objects themselves representing real objects, such as databases, images, documents, audio files, are also objects that need handling by computer applications. In applications producing millions, or even quadrillions of objects, need fast and robust access mechanisms to access and manage this enormously large object pools. For such applications, we need frameworks where objects are seamlessly created, accesses, exchanged, and shared over distributed networks and services. Garnet Collaboration System (GCS) is a candidate framework to meet these requirements. In this paper, we investigate technology areas suitable for GCS

Design of a Hybrid Search in the Online Knowledge Center

A hybrid search in the Online Knowledge Center enables search for the content of linked documents in the metadata. In this paper, we present design issues for the combined search of unstructured data linked in semistructured data. We describe the problems of the initial design for the metadata storage and inquiry performance, and suggest a solution under a specific environment -- the newsgroup service of the Online Knowledge Center system

Automating Metadata Web Service Deployment for Problem Solving Environments

XML-based metadata information services are a crucial core service needed by Problem Solving Environments built over emerging service-based, globally-scaled distributed systems, as envisioned by the Open Grid Services Architecture and the Semantic Web. Developing user interfaces and services bindings for manipulating instances of particular schemas is thus extremely important and needs to be made as simple as possible. In this paper we describe procedures for automating the creation of Web Service environments that can be used to simplify the creation and deployment of schema-based metadata services

Interoperable Web Services for Computational Portals

Computational web portals are designed to simplify access to diverse sets of high performance computing resources, typically through an interface to computational Grid tools. An important shortcoming of these portals is their lack of interoperable and reusable services. This paper presents an overview of research efforts undertaken by our group to build interoperating portal services around a Web Services model. We present a comprehensive view of an interoperable portal architecture, beginning with core portal services that can be used to build Application Web Services, which in turn may be aggregated and managed through portlet containers