Lubrication in cold rolling: Elasto-plasto-hydrodynamic lubrication

A model has been developed with respect to hydrodynamic lubrication in cold rolling. The basic model describes the configuration of a rigid, perfectly plastic sheet rolled by a rigid work roll. The governing equations have been solved throughout the complete contact area, i.e. the inlet, the work zone and the outlet zone. Multi-level techniques have been applied to solve these equations together with boundary conditions, resulting in an algorithm solving the problem in O(n) operations. This means that the distribution of the pressure and the traction force in the lubricant film, and the shape of this film, as well as the plastic deformation of the sheet, can be accurately calculated for a large number of nodal points on a minicomputer. Subsequently elastic deformation, work hardening and dynamic behaviour of the flow stress have been incorporated in the model. It will be shown that the influence of these effects on the film thickness or the pressure distribution is considerable

Optimal read/write memory system components

Two holographic data storage and display systems, voltage gradient ionization system, and linear strain manipulation system are discussed in terms of creating fast, high bit density, storage device. Components described include: novel mounting fixture for photoplastic arrays; corona discharge device; and block data composer

The Geography of Incarceration

The Boston Foundation's Boston Indicators Project, MassINC, and the Massachusetts Criminal Justice Reform Coalition, released The Geography of Incarceration: The Cost and Consequences of High Incarceration Rates in Vulnerable City Neighborhoods, a new study that compares the geography of incarceration to the geography of crime in our city.The report accessed a novel data set from Suffolk County Sheriff Steve Tompkins and depicts how incarcerations have had a disproportionate impact on Boston's most vulnerable neighborhoods."This is needed work because the American criminal justice is characterized by high incarceration rates, especially for people of color. This produces cascading negative effects, not just on the lives of the imprisoned but on their families, neighborhoods and our city as a whole," said Paul Grogan, President and CEO of the Foundation.  "I'm hopeful that this work will build on the leadership Chief Justice Gants and the commitment from Governor Baker, Speaker DeLeo and Senate President Rosenberg to work with the Council of State Governments to produce meaningful reform."Among the report's findings, are:Even as Massachusetts has touted its "progressiveness," incarceration rates have been rising faster in recent years in this state than in the rest of the United States, as a whole.More was spent in 2013 incarcerating Codman Square residents than on statewide gang prevention efforts.The cost of housing all Suffolk County Jail inmates in 2013 was two-and-a-half times the Commonwealth's combined FY13 budgets for Bunker Hill and Roxbury community colleges and nearly as much as Boston's combined budgets for Parks and Recreation and Youth and Families departments.The report was released during a forum at The Boston Foundation that included a panel discussion with Suffolk County Sheriff Steve Tompkins, Boston City Councilor Andrea Campbell, State Representative Evandro Carvalho, and John Larivee, President & CEO of Community Resources for Justice. The report recommended a series of reforms, including the redesigning houses of correction so they excel at addressing risks and needs, and eliminating mandatory minimum jail sentences, and in increased focus on diversion and re-entry programming for offenders

Progress in mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element simulation of forming processes

A review is given of a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element method for simulation of forming processes. This method permits incremental adaptation of nodal point locations independently from the actual material displacements. Hence numerical difficulties due to large element distortions, as may occur when the updated Lagrange method is applied, can be avoided. Movement of (free) surfaces can be taken into account by adapting nodal surface points in a way that they remain on the surface. Hardening and other deformation path dependent properties are determined by incremental treatment of convective terms. A local and a weighed global smoothing procedure is introduced in order to avoid numerical instabilities and numerical diffusion. Prediction of contact phenomena such as gap openning and/or closing and sliding with friction is accomplished by a special contact element. The method is demonstrated by simulations of an upsetting process and a wire drawing process

Promoting Floriculture Using VAT Regulation

In twelve EU countries, the lower VAT-tariff is applied to flowers and plants in order to promote the production and employment in floriculture. This paper assesses whether the VAT-regulation for flowers and plants achieves the goals set – promoting consumer demand and production and employment in the ornamental supply chain - (effectiveness) and at what cost (efficiency). The empirical results show that the VAT-regulation for floriculture is effective, but not very efficient.Flowers and plants, Economic policy evaluation, Value Added Tax (VAT), Marketing,

Academic Achievement of Students withEmotional and Behavioural Disorders:A Review of the Research

Although students with emotional and behavioural disorders often have academic defi cits, the interventions provided for these students usually focus on their behaviour. The result may be that the academic needs of this population are neglected and possibly increase due to neglect. While the research is inconclusive, it suggests that there may be a reciprocal relationship between poor academic achievement and problem behaviour. Without early and effective intervention, students with emotional and behaviour disabilities (EBD) are likely to be at risk for poor academic as well as psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this review is threefold: (a) to review the recent research on the academic achievement, particularly reading achievement, of students with EBD; (b) to describe the current classroom instruction provided to students with EBD; and (c) to review the research on what constitutes effective instructional practice for this population. The paper closes with recommendations for future research

It\u27s a Bird! It\u27s a Plane! It\u27s...Cultural Anxiety? Using Detective Comics\u27 Three Biggest Heroes to Identify and Explore Cultural Anxieties as Depicted Through Television

This collection of essays uses the mythic nature of superheroes to examine and discuss specific cultural anxieties as they’re navigated and alleviated in superhero television texts. First, I examine the way that anxiety over feminism and the women’s rights movement manifested itself in Wonder Woman, the 70s television series starring Lynda Carter. Next, I use Smallville and its depictions of a teenaged Superman to explore its handling of anxieties over the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Finally, I performed a content analysis of six different series of Batman cartoons to examine the way they respond to national concerns over gun violence. I found that though Wonder Woman speaks to concerns about the women’s movement in the 70s, it tells us that feminism is something that can be contained by celebrating feminine strength in a way that hyper-feminizes women and depicting that the struggle for women’s rights has been completed. Smallville navigates American anxiety following 9/11, but it does so in a way that avoids grappling with real-life issues. It allows us to instead engage with myths about America’s resilient strength, cultural superiority, and patriarchal subjugation of women. Batman cartoons too handle concerns over gun violence in a superficial way, as the physical depictions of guns become less and less realistic as the series progress