125 research outputs found

    Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Lymphoma

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    Apart from its well known role as an etiological agent for non-A and non-B viral hepatitis, there is growing evidence that hepatitis C virus is associated to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The association between HCV and lymphoproliferative disorders has been recently postulated based on epidemiological data, biological studies and clinical observations. Although various subtypes of lymphomas appear to be associated to HCV, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia and marginal zone lymphoma appeared to be particularly represented among HCV-positive patients. The causative role of HCV in those disorders has been further supported by the response to antiviral therapy. Despite a better understanding of pathophysiological processes at stake leading from HCV infection to overt lymphoma, many issues still need to be further elucidated. Although HCV has been demonstrated to directly infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells both in vitro and, in some cases, in vivo, a strong body of evidence rather supports the hypothesis of an indirect transformation mechanism by which sustained antigenic stimulation leads from oligoclonal to monoclonal expansion and sometimes to lymphoma, probably through secondary oncogenic events. Here, we review epidemiological and biological studies, as well as clinical data on antiviral therapy, linking HCV-infection to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

    Residual Activatability of Circulating Tfh17 Predicts Humoral Response to Thymodependent Antigens in Patients on Therapeutic Immunosuppression

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    The generation of antibodies against protein antigens (such as donor-specific HLA molecules) requires that T follicular helper cells (Tfh) provide help to B cells. Immunosuppressive (IS) armamentarium prevents T cell activation, yet a significant proportion of renal transplant patients develop donor-specific antibodies (DSA), which suggests that IS drugs do not efficiently block T follicular helper cells. To test this hypothesis, the number of circulating Tfh, their polarization profile, and ability to up-regulate (i) the co-stimulatory molecules CD40L and ICOS, and (ii) the activation marker CD25, following in vitro stimulation in presence of IS drugs, were compared between 36 renal transplant patients (6–72 months post transplantation) and nine healthy controls. IS drugs reduced the number of Tfh1 and 2 but had little impact on Tfh17, which was the dominant subset in transplant patients. Although, IS drugs decreased activation-induced expression of co-stimulatory molecules by Tfh, the impact was highly variable between individuals. Furthermore, 20% of transplant patients displayed normal expression of CD25 on Tfh following in vitro stimulation (i.e., “residual activatability”). To test whether residual activatability of Tfh correlates with antibody response against thymo-dependent antigens we took advantage of the 2015 influenza vaccination campaign, which provided a normalized setting for antigenic stimulation. In line with our hypothesis, responders to influenza vaccine exhibited significantly higher percentage of CD25-expressing Tfh17 after in vitro stimulation. A results that was confirmed retrospectively in nine transplanted patients at the time of first DSA detection. We concluded that “residual activatability” of Tfh17 might be used as a non-invasive biomarker to identify transplant patients at higher risk to develop DSA under immunosuppression. If validated in larger studies, this assay might help optimizing the prevention of DSA through personalized adaptation of immunosuppressive regimen

    The CAR‐HEMATOTOX score identifies patients at high risk for hematological toxicity, infectious complications, and poor treatment outcomes following brexucabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory MCL

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    CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy with brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) has substantially improved treatment outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (r/r MCL). Prolonged cytopenias and infections represent common and clinically relevant side effects. In this multicenter observational study, we describe cytopenias and infections in 103 r/r MCL patients receiving brexu-cel. Furthermore, we report associations between the baseline CAR-HEMATOTOX (HT) score and toxicity events, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS). At lymphodepletion, 56 patients were HTlow (score 0–1) while 47 patients were HThigh (score ≄2). The HThigh cohort exhibited prolonged neutropenia (median 14 vs. 6 days, p < .001) and an increased rate of severe infections (30% vs. 5%, p = .001). Overall, 1-year NRM was 10.4%, primarily attributed to infections, and differed by baseline HT score (high vs. low: 17% vs. 4.6%, p = .04). HThigh patients experienced inferior 90-day complete response rate (68% vs. 93%, p = .002), PFS (median 9 months vs. not-reached, p < .0001), and OS (median 26 months vs. not-reached, p < .0001). Multivariable analyses showed that high HT scores were independently associated with severe hematotoxicity, infections, and poor PFS/OS. In conclusion, infections and hematotoxicity are common after brexu-cel and contribute to NRM. The baseline HT score identified patients at increased risk of poor treatment outcomes

    Sustained Progression-Free Survival Benefit of Rituximab Maintenance in Patients With Follicular Lymphoma : Long-Term Results of the PRIMA Study

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    PURPOSE The PRIMA study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00140582) established that 2 years of rituximab maintenance after first-line immunochemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with follicular lymphoma compared with observation. Here, we report the final PFS and overall survival (OS) results from the PRIMA study after 9 years of follow-up and provide a final overview of safety. METHODS Patients (> 18 years of age) with previously untreated high-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma were nonrandomly assigned to receive one of three immunochemotherapy induction regimens. Responding patients were randomly assigned (stratified by induction regimen, response to induction treatment, treatment center, and geographic region) 1:1 to receive 2 years of rituximab maintenance (375 mg/m(2), once every 8 weeks), starting 8 weeks after the last induction treatment, or observation (no additional treatment). All patients in the extended follow-up provided their written informed consent (data cutoff: December 31, 2016). RESULTS In total, 1,018 patients completed induction treatment and were randomly assigned to rituximab maintenance (n = 505) or observation (n = 513). Consent for the extended follow-up was provided by 607 patients (59.6%) of 1,018 (rituximab maintenance, n = 309; observation, n = 298). After data cutoff, median PFS was 10.5 years in the rituximab maintenance arm compared with 4.1 years in the observation arm (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.73; P <.001). No OS difference was seen in patients randomly assigned to rituximab maintenance or observation (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.40; P = .7948); 10-year OS estimates were approximately 80% in both study arms. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION Rituximab maintenance after induction immunochemotherapy provides a significant long-term PFS, but not OS, benefit over observation.Peer reviewe

    Stimulation bactérienne chronique et développement de lymphomes de type Natural Killer T-Cell (NKT) chez la souris

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    Pas de rĂ©sumĂ© en anglaisLe lien entre infection et lymphomagĂ©nĂšse est Ă©tabli depuis plusieurs dĂ©cennies. Notamment, deux types de mĂ©canismes sont dĂ©crits : le premier, qualifiĂ© de direct et largement Ă©tabli, fait intervenir un pathogĂšne capable d'intĂ©grer un ou plusieurs oncogĂšnes dans la cellule et d'aboutir Ă  sa transformation (par exemple le virus HTLV-1 ou le virus EBV) tandis que le second, qualifiĂ© d'indirect et mal connu, aboutit Ă  la transformation cellulaire par une stimulation antigĂ©nique rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e du lymphocyte, le plus souvent dans un contexte inflammatoire, par un pathogĂšne particulier (comme Helicobacter pylori par exemple). Il n'existe, Ă  l'heure actuelle, qu'un seul modĂšle animal de lymphomagĂ©nĂšse indirecte permettant d'approcher la comprĂ©hension de ce mĂ©canisme de transformation (lymphome B de la zone marginale gastrique chez la souris Balb/c). Nous avons cherchĂ© Ă  dĂ©velopper un nouveau modĂšle murin de lymphomagĂ©nĂšse en contexte de stimulation bactĂ©rienne chronique. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) est une bactĂ©rie encapsulĂ©e dont l'implication dans le dĂ©veloppement d'hĂ©mopathies lymphoĂŻdes a Ă©tĂ© suggĂ©rĂ©e. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thĂšse, des souris gĂ©nĂ©tiquement invalidĂ©es pour le gĂšne suppresseur de tumeur p53 ont Ă©tĂ© injectĂ©es tous les 15 jours par le pathogĂšne inactivĂ© Ă  la chaleur. Le modĂšle p53 a Ă©tĂ© choisi dans l'objectif de rĂ©vĂ©ler un Ă©ventuel phĂ©notype tumoral dont l'incidence resterait indĂ©tectable chez des animaux sauvages. L'injection rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e de Spn a augmentĂ© de façon significative l'incidence de lymphomes T pĂ©riphĂ©riques (TCRαÎČ pour la plupart) ayant un phĂ©notype T mĂ©moire effecteur (CD44hiCD62LloCD25-CCR7-) et des marqueurs d'activation exprimĂ©s Ă  leur surface (CD69, CD54 et B220). L'ensemble des marqueurs phĂ©notypiques et des analyses transcriptomiques de ces lymphomes a permis de les distinguer sans ambiguĂŻtĂ© des lymphomes T immatures thymiques connus et largement dĂ©crits dans ce modĂšle murin p53-dĂ©ficient. L'existence d'un biais de rĂ©pertoire Vß8 dans ces lymphomes nous a conduit Ă  supposer qu'ils pourraient dĂ©river de lymphocytes particuliers dits NKT (Natural Killer T cells) invariants, hypothĂšse que nous avons confirmĂ©e de façon univoque par la positivitĂ© du marquage par le tĂ©tramĂšre CD1d-α-GalCer. La recherche d'une entitĂ© comparable en pathologie humaine est actuellement en cours. L'absence de tels lymphomes NKT dĂ©crits jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent chez la souris ou l'homme ouvrent de multiples perspectives, Ă  la fois sur le plan nosographique si une entitĂ© similaire est dĂ©couverte en pathologie humaine mais aussi en terme de physiopathologie des lymphomes T. En effet, l'implication potentielle d'infections ou de maladies inflammatoires chroniques (jusqu'ici largement Ă©voquĂ©e dans la lymphomagĂ©nĂšse B) dans le dĂ©veloppement de lymphomes T pourrait apparaĂźtre comme un nouveau paradigme en hĂ©matologi

    Development of a friction absorber network for vibration control

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    Dans le domaine de l'optronique et des systĂšmes embarquĂ©s, les transferts vibratoires nuisent Ă  la qualitĂ© des mesures enregistrĂ©es et Ă  la fiabilitĂ© des dispositifs. Les absorbeurs dynamiques passifs font preuve d’une grande efficacitĂ© et constituent des dispositifs modulaires performants pour la rĂ©duction des vibrations. Cependant, les structures optroniques sont soumises Ă  une large plage de tempĂ©rature dans laquelle les solutions doivent rester stables. L’objectif de ces travaux de thĂšse est de dĂ©velopper un absorbeur Ă  frottement et de fonctionnaliser le contact pour atteindre des niveaux d’amortissement suffisants. Un prototype technologique d’absorbeur unitaire a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ© et une mĂ©thode d’Analyse Modale Quasi-Statique a permis de quantifier les variations en amortissement et en rigiditĂ© dans ce contexte non-linĂ©aire. Contrairement Ă  des cas d’applications plus classiques tels que les frotteurs d’aubes de rĂ©acteurs, le glissement total est exploitĂ© pour atteindre les niveaux d’amortissement dĂ©sirĂ©s. Des outils de simulations dynamiques sont proposĂ©s et les essais expĂ©rimentaux valident les capacitĂ©s dissipatives issues du frottement dans l’absorbeur dynamique. Enfin, une maquette de bras optique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©quipĂ©e du rĂ©seau d’absorbeurs prĂ©alablement caractĂ©risĂ©. Les gains en dĂ©viations de faisceaux optiques sont estimĂ©s en associant des expĂ©rimentations et un jumeau numĂ©rique. Une rĂ©duction de plus de 60 % des dĂ©viations de faisceaux prouve l’efficacitĂ© de la technologie dĂ©veloppĂ©e.In the field of optronics and embedded systems, vibrations affect the quality of recorded measurements and the reliability of devices. Passive dynamic absorbers are highly efficient and provide effective modular devices for vibration mitigation. However, optronic structures are often subject to a wide temperature range in which the solutions must remain stable. The aim of this thesis work is to develop a friction absorber where the contact is functionalized to reach sufficient damping levels. A technological prototype of a unitary absorber is proposed and a Quasi-Static Modal Analysis method is used to quantify the dependency of damping and stiffness on the amplitude. Unlike more classical applications such as jet engine blade dampers, the total slip is exploited to achieve the desired damping levels. Dynamic simulation tools are proposed and experimental tests validate the dissipative capacities resulting from friction in the dynamic absorber. Finally, an optical arm model was equipped with the previously characterized absorber network. The gains in optical beam deflections are estimated by combining experiments and a digital twin. A reduction of more than 60 % of the beam deviations proves the efficiency of the developed technology

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    Le lien entre infection et lymphomagĂ©nĂšse est Ă©tabli depuis plusieurs dĂ©cennies. Notamment, deux types de mĂ©canismes sont dĂ©crits : le premier, qualifiĂ© de direct et largement Ă©tabli, fait intervenir un pathogĂšne capable d'intĂ©grer un ou plusieurs oncogĂšnes dans la cellule et d'aboutir Ă  sa transformation (par exemple le virus HTLV-1 ou le virus EBV) tandis que le second, qualifiĂ© d'indirect et mal connu, aboutit Ă  la transformation cellulaire par une stimulation antigĂ©nique rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e du lymphocyte, le plus souvent dans un contexte inflammatoire, par un pathogĂšne particulier (comme Helicobacter pylori par exemple). Il n'existe, Ă  l'heure actuelle, qu'un seul modĂšle animal de lymphomagĂ©nĂšse indirecte permettant d'approcher la comprĂ©hension de ce mĂ©canisme de transformation (lymphome B de la zone marginale gastrique chez la souris Balb/c). Nous avons cherchĂ© Ă  dĂ©velopper un nouveau modĂšle murin de lymphomagĂ©nĂšse en contexte de stimulation bactĂ©rienne chronique. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) est une bactĂ©rie encapsulĂ©e dont l'implication dans le dĂ©veloppement d'hĂ©mopathies lymphoĂŻdes a Ă©tĂ© suggĂ©rĂ©e. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thĂšse, des souris gĂ©nĂ©tiquement invalidĂ©es pour le gĂšne suppresseur de tumeur p53 ont Ă©tĂ© injectĂ©es tous les 15 jours par le pathogĂšne inactivĂ© Ă  la chaleur. Le modĂšle p53 a Ă©tĂ© choisi dans l'objectif de rĂ©vĂ©ler un Ă©ventuel phĂ©notype tumoral dont l'incidence resterait indĂ©tectable chez des animaux sauvages. L'injection rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e de Spn a augmentĂ© de façon significative l'incidence de lymphomes T pĂ©riphĂ©riques (TCRαÎČ pour la plupart) ayant un phĂ©notype T mĂ©moire effecteur (CD44hiCD62LloCD25-CCR7-) et des marqueurs d'activation exprimĂ©s Ă  leur surface (CD69, CD54 et B220). L'ensemble des marqueurs phĂ©notypiques et des analyses transcriptomiques de ces lymphomes a permis de les distinguer sans ambiguĂŻtĂ© des lymphomes T immatures thymiques connus et largement dĂ©crits dans ce modĂšle murin p53-dĂ©ficient. L'existence d'un biais de rĂ©pertoire Vß8 dans ces lymphomes nous a conduit Ă  supposer qu'ils pourraient dĂ©river de lymphocytes particuliers dits NKT (Natural Killer T cells) invariants, hypothĂšse que nous avons confirmĂ©e de façon univoque par la positivitĂ© du marquage par le tĂ©tramĂšre CD1d-α-GalCer. La recherche d'une entitĂ© comparable en pathologie humaine est actuellement en cours. L'absence de tels lymphomes NKT dĂ©crits jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent chez la souris ou l'homme ouvrent de multiples perspectives, Ă  la fois sur le plan nosographique si une entitĂ© similaire est dĂ©couverte en pathologie humaine mais aussi en terme de physiopathologie des lymphomes T. En effet, l'implication potentielle d'infections ou de maladies inflammatoires chroniques (jusqu'ici largement Ă©voquĂ©e dans la lymphomagĂ©nĂšse B) dans le dĂ©veloppement de lymphomes T pourrait apparaĂźtre comme un nouveau paradigme en hĂ©matologiePas de rĂ©sumĂ© en anglai

    Marrow-ablative treatment and autologous stem cell transplantation in follicular NHL

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    High-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is widely accepted as salvage therapy for patients with relapsed aggressive lymphoma. In the pre-rituximab era, autologous stem cell transplantation had also been increasingly applied as a consolidation treatment for patients with indolent lymphoma in second or subsequent remission whereas controversies have emerged concerning its role in first line therapy from several randomized trials. Broad development and amazing efficacy of monoclonal antibody-based combination therapies for de novo or relapsing follicular lymphoma patients render previous conclusions outdated and underline the critical need for further phase III trials. This review focuses on available data from pre-rituximab and rituximab eras to help clarifying the precise role and timing of autologous stem cell transplantation among the current armamentarium for follicular lymphoma treatment
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