15 de agosto: o Pará conclui a sua independência de Portugal e incorporação ao Brasil

(primeiro parágrafo do texto)Na obra Poder e Independência no Grão Pará (1820-1823) tratamos também de etapas desse processo histórico na capital da Amazônia, mais chegada e próxima a Lisboa, que o resto do Brasil. Como ocorreu no sul, do Fico do 9 de janeiro ao Manifesto aos Brasileiros do 1. de agosto, até a consolidação no 7 de setembro e no 12 outubro, a independência política em relação a Portugal foi um processo dinâmico no Pará, desde ações e motins nativistas até os dias 11 e 15 de agosto de 1823, este último coroando ou encerrando o processo paraense, complementar, convergindo para a unidade brasileira

Orientação para o mercado no segmento hoteleiro: o caso português

The objective of this study was to measure level of orientation for the market of the largest hotel groups of Portugal. After a brief explanation on the market orientation and the hotel segment in Portugal an empiric study was presented performed with the largest groups of 20 hotels of Portugal, using as an instrument of collection data, the traditional Markor scale (market orientation) adapted to the hotel sector. It was found in the investigated organizations a good capacity to generate market information and response to the market. However the results obtained with the construct of the dissemination of market information were below the expectations. So the current challenge for the main networks of hotels in Portugal is to improve the internal dissemination of information that marketing professionals gathered at the market.O objectivo deste estudo foi medir o grau de orientação para o mercado dos maiores grupos hoteleiros de Portugal. Após uma breve explanação sobre a orientação para o mercado e o segmento hoteleiro em Portugal apresentou-se um estudo empírico realizado junto dos maiores 20 grupos de hotéis de Portugal, utilizando como instrumento de colecta de dados, a tradicional escala Markor (Market orientation) adaptada ao sector hoteleiro. Constatou-se nas organizações investigadas uma boa capacidade de geração de informações de mercado e resposta ao mercado. Porém os resultados obtidos com o constructo da disseminação de informações de mercado ficaram abaixo das expetactivas. Portanto, o desafio actual para as principais redes de hotéis de Portugal é propiciar a melhoria da disseminação interna das informações que os profissionais de marketing recolhem junto ao mercado

Prática administrativa de gestão hospitalar / Administrative practice of hospital management

A crise da saúde dos últimos anos na cidade classificada por ter a terceira maior população do Estado Fluminense, assolam problemas, que vão desde o pagamento de funcionários, a falta de remédios ou falta de produtos de higiene. Por conta dos argumentos supracitados, esse artigo apresenta como questão de pesquisa saber como técnicas de auditoria operacional de estoques podem beneficiar a gestão da farmácia hospitalar no município de Duque de Caxias. O presente artigo tem como principal justificativa apresentar a relevância de soluções à gestão de estoques hospitalares que por vezes, adquire mais que o necessário, não realiza inventários periódicos, aufere falha na segurança de seus medicamentos, armazenamento inadequado de seus estoques e por não registrar todas as movimentações. O artigo tem por objetivo geral apresentar as técnicas de auditoria operacional de estoques por intermédio dos objetivos específicos, realizando pesquisa bibliográfica, e desenvolvendo estudo de caso sobre as práticas pertinentes a auditoria operacional de estoques. A natureza dessa pesquisa será de cunho qualitativo, pesquisa exploratória, com consultas bibliográficas em artigos científicos, livros e dissertações com o desenvolvimento de estudo de caso na farmácia do hospital público do município de Duque de Caxias. Esta pesquisa foi uma experiência enriquecedora, pois observou-se a oportunidade de compartilhar conhecimento e trabalhar sob novas perspectivas. É altamente recomendável a continuidade de pesquisas sobre os temas de auditoria operacional de estoques em farmácia hospitalar realizadas por profissionais de diferentes áreas envolvidas, sejam na gestão pública ou privada. Este estudo é de aplicabilidade a pesquisadores, que podem examinar outras linhas de pesquisa a partir dos resultados encontrados e elaborar novas pesquisas

O impacto do microcrédito e sua função social – saúde financeira do trabalhador / The impact of microcredit and its social function – financial health of workers

Este artigo propõe apresentar como tema geral o microcrédito, como um dos principais impulsionadores da economia. Neste sentido visa-se indicar como o problema de pesquisa, a importância do microcrédito para o desenvolvimento econômico e social. O objetivo proposto para atender a questão da pesquisa será apresentar o impacto do microcrédito para o desenvolvimento econômico e social de seus tomadores segundo a revisão da literatura dos últimos três anos sobre o presente tema pesquisado na base de dados Scielo. Foram adotados os seguintes critérios para seleção dos artigos: método integrado e regional da pesquisa dos artigos; artigo como tipo de literatura; artigos citáveis; aqueles publicados nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, entre os anos 2017 e 2019; ordenado por relevância, e artigos que contivessem em seus títulos e/ou resumos os descritores Microcrédito e Microfinanças. O recurso utilizado na pesquisa foi a expressão termo exato, associada aos descritores específicos. Como resultado observa-se que o uso de microcréditos como estratégia, alivia a miséria em regiões com elevada pobreza, reduz desigualdades sociais, proporciona a geração de renda e democratiza o acesso ao crédito. Este estudo é de aplicabilidade a pesquisadores, que podem examinar outras linhas de pesquisa a partir dos resultados encontrados e elaborar novas pesquisas

Academic productivity of young people with allergic rhinitis:A MASK-air® study

Peer reviewe

Behavioural patterns in allergic rhinitis medication in Europe : A study using MASK-air(R) real-world data

Background Co-medication is common among patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its dimension and patterns are unknown. This is particularly relevant since AR is understood differently across European countries, as reflected by rhinitis-related search patterns in Google Trends. This study aims to assess AR co-medication and its regional patterns in Europe, using real-world data. Methods We analysed 2015-2020 MASK-air(R) European data. We compared days under no medication, monotherapy and co-medication using the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels for overall allergic symptoms ('VAS Global Symptoms') and impact of AR on work. We assessed the monthly use of different medication schemes, performing separate analyses by region (defined geographically or by Google Trends patterns). We estimated the average number of different drugs reported per patient within 1 year. Results We analysed 222,024 days (13,122 users), including 63,887 days (28.8%) under monotherapy and 38,315 (17.3%) under co-medication. The median 'VAS Global Symptoms' was 7 for no medication days, 14 for monotherapy and 21 for co-medication (p < .001). Medication use peaked during the spring, with similar patterns across different European regions (defined geographically or by Google Trends). Oral H-1-antihistamines were the most common medication in single and co-medication. Each patient reported using an annual average of 2.7 drugs, with 80% reporting two or more. Conclusions Allergic rhinitis medication patterns are similar across European regions. One third of treatment days involved co-medication. These findings suggest that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms (irrespective of how they understand AR) and that co-medication use is driven by symptom severity.Peer reviewe

Allergen immunotherapy in MASK-air users in real-life : Results of a Bayesian mixed-effects model

Background Evidence regarding the effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on allergic rhinitis has been provided mostly by randomised controlled trials, with little data from real-life studies. Objective To compare the reported control of allergic rhinitis symptoms in three groups of users of the MASK-air(R) app: those receiving sublingual AIT (SLIT), those receiving subcutaneous AIT (SCIT), and those receiving no AIT. Methods We assessed the MASK-air(R) data of European users with self-reported grass pollen allergy, comparing the data reported by patients receiving SLIT, SCIT and no AIT. Outcome variables included the daily impact of allergy symptoms globally and on work (measured by visual analogue scales-VASs), and a combined symptom-medication score (CSMS). We applied Bayesian mixed-effects models, with clustering by patient, country and pollen season. Results We analysed a total of 42,756 days from 1,093 grass allergy patients, including 18,479 days of users under AIT. Compared to no AIT, SCIT was associated with similar VAS levels and CSMS. Compared to no AIT, SLIT-tablet was associated with lower values of VAS global allergy symptoms (average difference = 7.5 units out of 100; 95% credible interval [95%CrI] = -12.1;-2.8), lower VAS Work (average difference = 5.0; 95%CrI = -8.5;-1.5), and a lower CSMS (average difference = 3.7; 95%CrI = -9.3;2.2). When compared to SCIT, SLIT-tablet was associated with lower VAS global allergy symptoms (average difference = 10.2; 95%CrI = -17.2;-2.8), lower VAS Work (average difference = 7.8; 95%CrI = -15.1;0.2), and a lower CSMS (average difference = 9.3; 95%CrI = -18.5;0.2). Conclusion In patients with grass pollen allergy, SLIT-tablet, when compared to no AIT and to SCIT, is associated with lower reported symptom severity. Future longitudinal studies following internationally-harmonised standards for performing and reporting real-world data in AIT are needed to better understand its 'real-world' effectiveness.Peer reviewe

Consistent trajectories of rhinitis control and treatment in 16,177 weeks : The MASK-air (R) longitudinal study

Introduction: Data from mHealth apps can provide valuable information on rhinitis control and treatment patterns. However, in MASK-air (R), these data have only been analyzed cross-sectionally, without considering the changes of symptoms over time. We analyzed data from MASK-air (R) longitudinally, clustering weeks according to reported rhinitis symptoms.Methods: We analyzed MASK-air (R) data, assessing the weeks for which patients had answered a rhinitis daily questionnaire on all 7days. We firstly used k-means clustering algorithms for longitudinal data to define clusters of weeks according to the trajectories of reported daily rhinitis symptoms. Clustering was applied separately for weeks when medication was reported or not. We compared obtained clusters on symptoms and rhinitis medication patterns. We then used the latent class mixture model to assess the robustness of results.Results: We analyzed 113,239 days (16,177 complete weeks) from 2590 patients (mean age +/- SD = 39.1 +/- 13.7 years). The first clustering algorithm identified ten clusters among weeks with medication use: seven with low variability in rhinitis control during the week and three with highly-variable control. Clusters with poorly-controlled rhinitis displayed a higher frequency of rhinitis co-medication, a more frequent change of medication schemes and more pronounced seasonal patterns. Six clusters were identified in weeks when no rhinitis medication was used, displaying similar control patterns. The second clustering method provided similar results. Moreover, patients displayed consistent levels of rhinitis control, reporting several weeks with similar levels of control.Conclusions: We identified 16 patterns of weekly rhinitis control. Co-medication and medication change schemes were common in uncontrolled weeks, reinforcing the hypothesis that patients treat themselves according to their symptoms.[GRAPHICS].Peer reviewe

ARIA-EAACI statement on asthma and COVID-19 (June 2, 2020)

Non peer reviewe

Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities

Digital health is an umbrella term which encompasses eHealth and benefits from areas such as advanced computer sciences. eHealth includes mHealth apps, which offer the potential to redesign aspects of healthcare delivery. The capacity of apps to collect large amounts of longitudinal, real-time, real-world data enables the progression of biomedical knowledge. Apps for rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were searched for in the Google Play and Apple App stores, via an automatic market research tool recently developed using JavaScript. Over 1500 apps for allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis were identified, some dealing with multimorbidity. However, only six apps for rhinitis (AirRater, AllergyMonitor, AllerSearch, Husteblume, MASK-air and Pollen App) and one for rhinosinusitis (Galenus Health) have so far published results in the scientific literature. These apps were reviewed for their validation, discovery of novel allergy phenotypes, optimisation of identifying the pollen season, novel approaches in diagnosis and management (pharmacotherapy and allergen immunotherapy) as well as adherence to treatment. Published evidence demonstrates the potential of mobile health apps to advance in the characterisation, diagnosis and management of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis patients.Peer reviewe