Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.

Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field

Mobbning i arbetslivet : en dokumentanalys

Mobbning i arbetslivet är ett dolt problem som alltid funnits på arbetsplatser i Sverige. Vuxenmobbning handlar om psykiskt våld och upprepade kränkningar som skadar människor och leder till utfrysning, utslagning och isolering. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen och kunskapen kring mobbningsproblematiken på arbetsplatsen och dess konsekvenser. Syftet är också att ta reda på vilka rättsliga möjligheter och begränsningar det finns att vidta, samt vilka förebyggande strategier som forskning och utredningar föreslår. Materialet består av fyra domstolsbeslut kring mobbning i arbetslivet. Syftet uppnås med hjälp av en dokumentanalys av materialet. Resultaten analyseras med hjälp av två teoretiska modeller: förloppsmodellen och rollmodellen samt teorier om stigma och stämpling. I uppsatsen sammanställs empirin utifrån fyra teman: konflikter, syndabockarna, krisen och utslagningen. Studiens huvudresultat är att destruktiv ledarskap och missköta konflikter skapar förutsättningar för mobbning i arbetslivet och resulterar i att människor stigmatiseras, stämplas som avvikare och exkluderas från samhället.   Avslutningsvis görs förslag till vidare studier utifrån funderingar kring huruvida lagändringar skulle kunna påverka hanteringen av grundproblemet positivt vad gäller mobbning i arbetslivet.Bullying in the life of work is a concealed issue that always has existed in Swedish workplaces. Adult bullying is about mental violence and repeated violations that harm people and often leads to ostracism, exclusion and isolation. The aim of this study is to increase understanding and knowledge about the bullying issue in workplaces and its consequences. The aim is also to find out what legal possibilities and limits there are to take and what preventative strategies that research and investigations suggests. In order to find out about this we have based our study on four court decisions dealing with bullying in the workplace. In addition, official documents, newspaper articles, laws and documents issued by authorities and other organizations that publish articles on the Internet are also used in this study. The aim is achieved by using a document analysis of data. It is compiled on empirical data based on four themes: conflicts, scapegoats, crisis and exclusion. The results are analyzed by using two theoretical models: progress model and role model, and also theories about stigma and stamping are being used. The basic finding is that the destructive leadership and mismanage conflict create conditions for bullying in the workplace and results in people stigmatized, branded as outliers and excluded from society. Finally made ​​suggestions for further studies based on concerns about whether legislative changes could affect the handling of the basic problem positively in terms of bullying in the workplace

Association of serum fetuin-A levels with heart valve calcification and other biomarkers of inflammation among persons with acute coronary syndrome

Purpose: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional hepatic secretory protein that inhibits dystrophic vascular and valvular calcification. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship among fetuin-A levels, heart valve calcification and other biomarkers of inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: The associations among serum fetuin-A concentrations, mitral annular (MAC) and aortic valve calcification and other biomarkers of inflammation (hs-CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin levels) were evaluated in ACS patients and healthy controls. The study included 95 patients (mean age 61.8±12.10 years) and 81 healthy controls (mean age 48.33±9.19 years). Results: Fetuin-A levels were significantly lower in patients with ACS than in healthy controls (0.76 ± 0.23 and 1.10 ± 0.45 g/L, respectively; p < 0.001). Fetuin-A was lower in patients with mitral annular calcification (p=0.007) and aortic (p=0.001) valve calcification. In patients with ACS, there was a negative correlation among serum urea (r=-0.377; p < 0.001) and creatinine (r=-0.232; p=0.024) levels and fetuin-A, and a negative correlation among WBC (r=-0.156; p=0,132), ESR (r=-0.214; p=0.037), hs-CRP (r=-0.220; p=0.032) levels and fetuin-A. A positive correlation was seen between albumin and fetuin-A (r=0.362; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that fetuin-A was the variable that had a significant effect on ACS (p = 0.020 OR = .015; (95% CI)(0.000–0.520). Conclusion: Fetuin-A levels decrease in patients with acute coronary syndromes, independent of heart valve calcification. Fetuin-A may therefore act as a negative acute phase protein after myocardial infarction