Anal herpes

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Palynological and physicochemical data characterisation of honeys produced in the Entre-Douro e Minho region of Portugal

Honey legislation has been addressed to establish the minimum marketing level of the product and the need for consumer protection through correct denominations. Research oriented toward assessment of floral origin and physicochemical properties may increase the commercial value of these products. The characteristics of thirty-one honeys produced in the Entre-Douro e Minho region in Portugal were studied. Pollen features and some physicochemical parameters (moisture, ash, pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural contain, apparent sucrose, reducing sugars and diastase activity) were determined. The samples were found to meet international honey specifications. The present study found a linear regression between the ash content of honeys and their specific conductivity. Five samples are listed as Eucalyptus honey, one sample as Citrus honey, and twenty-five samples as multifloral honeys. Of the total, 87.1% exceeded the quality parameters and should be labelled as ‘virgin’ honey

Study of genetic diversity of three portuguese cattle breeds by 93 micro satellite markers

The objectives of this work were to assess the genetic diversity within and between three Portuguese cattle breeds using 93 microsatellites markers. Blood samples were collected from 50 individuals of each breed, and ninety-three microsatellites were analysed to get thorough information about genetic diversity and interrelationships among three Portuguese cattle breeds: Mirandesa (MIR), Maronesa (MAR), and Barrosã (BAR). Estimates of genetic variability, observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), allelic richness for each locus were determined. The alleles were classified in three classes according to their frequency: common alleles (observed in the three sub-populations), private alleles (alleles observed in one sub-population) and rare alleles (non-private alleles with a frequency < 0.01 over the whole population). The number of rare alleles found was 52 in MAR, 33 in MIR, and 30 in BAR. The number of private alleles found was 5 in MIR and BAR, and 2 in MAR. The MIR showed the lowest genetic diversity, and the highest genetic distance to the other two breeds. The three breeds could be considered as genetically distinct populations. This study shows that measures should be taken in order to preserve the genetic diversity of MIR, MAR, and BAR cattle breeds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Selective laser melting (SLM) and topology optimization for lighter aerospace componentes

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing process through which a 3D component is produced by consecutively adding material. One of the most promising AM processes is SLM. In SLM a laser completely melts metallic powder particles together forming a 3D component. SLM is known for its freedom of manufacturing constraints allowing complex geometries and high material efficiency. Topology Optimisation (TO) is an optimisation type that calculates the optimal material distribution for a given problem. The combination of SLM with TO is being developed to create lightweight components. In this work, the whole development process, from optimisation to design, production and testing is addressed. Initially, an aircraft bracket topology was optimised to be produced by means of SLM. The TO solution was interpreted and designed for AM. During the interpretation and design process, a design methodology was defined in order to facilitate and make more accurate the TO solution design and make it ready for AM. After the optimised component was produced, metrological and mechanical tests were performed in order to validate the final design and the computer analysis. The optimised component showed considerable weight reduction with an increase of the factor of safety. The experimental tests revealed a good relation to the computer analysis evidencing, however, room for improvement, both in the computer model and the experimental tests

Relación entre medidas biométricas y peso vivo en vacas lecheras de raza frisona

Las mediciones realizadas en animales vivos aumentan la precisión de los análisis de conformación, constituyendo, en zootecnia, un instrumento para determinar las dimensiones de los animales, realizar una investigación comparativa (Wilson et al., 1997) y ser utilizadas como predictores indirectos del peso del animal (Heinrichs et al., 1992). La relación entre las medidas y peso corporal depende de la raza, edad, aptitud, tamaño y condición corporal de los animales (Yanar et al., 1995). La vaca Frisona presenta gran corpulencia, pudendo alcanzar 154 cm de alzada a la grupa y pesar 600 a 700 Kg (APCRF, 2008). En vacas Holstein-Friesian, las medidas para la alzada a cruz y perímetro torácico (en cm) han sido de 139,1 y 202,5 (Ali et al., 1984), 134,4 y 194,8 (Sieber et al., 1988) respectivamente. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la relación entre medidas biométricas y el peso vivo de vacas de leche.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of multicomponent exercise program or self-selected physical activity on physical, mental, and biochemical health indicators of older women

The aim of this study was to compare physical, mental, and biochemical health indicators of 48 older women (67 ± 1 year) who practiced multicomponent exercise program (ME, n = 25) and self-selected physical activity (PA, n = 23) for 6 months. It was an observational study, which aimed to relate a prospective intervention. Displacement speed, lower limb (LL) power, functional capacity, body composition, biochemical profile, physical activity levels (PAL), sedentary behavior (SB), quality of life (QoL), and mental illness risk (MIR) were evaluated. ME presented better values compared to the PA in the gait speed (p = 0.001, large ES), aerobic capacity (p = 0.0001, large ES), agility/dynamic balance (p = 0.0001, large ES), LL flexibility (p = 0.0003, large ES), UL flexibility (p = 0.04, large ES), upper limb (UL) strength (p = 0.07, moderate ES), Total cholesterol (p = 0.009, large ES), triglycerides (p = 0.003, large ES), creatinine (p = 0.007, large ES), glycated hemoglobin (p= 0.007, large ES), and lower mean glucose value (p = 0.008, large ES). ME was more efficient than PA to improve indicators of gait speed, and functional capacity, regulate glycated hemoglobin, blood glucose, and serum creatinine. Thys study also brings practical applications for coaches, which could adapt and use creativity to develop different types of systematized ME, aiming to enhance positive adaptations in the older people at multilevel outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pesquisa de ovos de helmintos e de cistos de protozoários em dinheiro

Due to the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases in Brazil and to the fact that inanimate objects may play an important role in their transmission, it was decided to carry out an investigation into the existence of helminthic eggs and protozoan cysts in money currently handled by the community. A thousand and three banknotes and 1,011 coins of different origins were analysed, yielding the following results. Entamoeba histolytica cysts were found twice, and fertile and infertile Ascaris lumbricoides eggs and one intact Taenia sp. egg, besides other nonpathogenic elements, were also found. The importance of the handling of money in the epidemiology of common intestinal parasitic diseases is emphasized and it is suggested that further similar studies should be carried out; possible means of prevention are also indicated.Em virtude da elevada prevalência de parasitoses intestinais no Brasil e da possível participação de objetos na transmissão dessas afecções, foi desenvolvida pesquisa envolvendo dinheiro difundido na coletividade. Foram analisadas, quanto à presença de ovos de helmintos e de cistos de protozoários, 1.003 cédulas e 1.011 moedas, de valores e procedências diversos. Do estudo resultou o encontro de cistos de Entamoeba histolytica em duas eventualidades, de ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides larvado e infértil, de ovo de Taenia sp. morfologicamente íntegro e de outros elementos não patogênicos. Ficou salientada a importância do dinheiro circulante na epidemiologia das enteroparasitoses, tendo havido sugestão de novos trabalhos de natureza congênere, inclusive delineando diretrizes de ordem profilática

Evaluation of the activity of albendazole in the therapy of experimentally-infected rats

In order to settle the precise spectrum of activity of albendazole, its efficacy was tested in the treatment of Strongyloides venezuelensis in experimentally-infected rats. The results were compared to those obtained with two other benzimidaloze derivatives, cambendazole and mebendazole. The three compounds were shown to be effective in eradicating intestinal adult worms completely, when single doses of 625, 12.5, 25 of 50 mg/kg were used. However when smaller doses were employed (5 mg/kg) worm burdens were reduced in 87%, 98% and 80% by albendazole, cambendazole and mebendazole respectively.Com a finalidade de demarcar mais precisamente o espectro de ação do albendazol, foi estudada a atividade terapêutica desse anti-helmíntico em ratos experimentalmente infectados com Strongyloides venezuelensis, tendo sido usada, como termo de comparação, a ação do cambendazol e do mebendazol, dois outros benzimidazólicos. Os três compostos mostraram-se eficientes quando utilizadas doses únicas de 6,75, 12,5, 25 e 50 mg/kg, pois motivaram desaparecimento total das formas adultas no intestino. Com a posologia de 5 mg/kg sucederam porcentagens médias de reduções dos números de vermes de 87%, 98% e 80%, respectivamente, como decorrência do emprego do albendazol, do cambendazol e do mebendazol, traduzindo superioridade da segunda droga citada

Relationship between stepping and kicking behavior and milking management in dairy cattle herds

We studied the relationship between behavior during milking with milking parlor management, measuring the occurrence of steps and kicks, and cow-related factors. We also investigated the link between stepping and kicking during milking and udder health. A total of 2,903 direct observations of milking behavior were collected in 44 dairy herds in the north of Portugal. The results showed great variability in the occurrence of stepping and kicking among herds during milking. Mixed linear and logistic regression models for factors associated with stepping and kicking were developed. Cows in tandem milking parlors took fewer steps (P < 0.003) than in herringbone ones, although in the tandem milking system, more kicking occurred than in parallel and herringbone systems. Milking room temperatures of more than 27°C led to a higher frequency of kicks among cows (P < 0.010). The practice of overmilking also produced a significantly greater frequency of cow stepping (P < 0.001). Primiparous cows stepped a third less frequently than did greater parity cows but showed a greater tendency to kick compared with the multiparous ones. Cows with somatic cell counts for more than 200,000 cells/mL at the time of the visit also showed a trend toward higher kicking frequency. The results suggest that animal welfare measures, like kicking and stepping, are suitable for epidemiologic studies. Significant interactions were observed when animals were affected by challenging health and welfare situations.All farmers participating in the study are gratefully acknowledged for their cooperation. This work was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) and Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (grant number: SFRH/BD/36151/ 2007 and SFRH/PROTEC/50056/2009). We also want to thank Dr. Cecilia Pedernera for valuable comments on the article.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morphological and Postural changes in the foot during pregnancy and puerperium : a longitudinal study

The aim of this study is to observe the morphological and postural changes to the foot that take place during pregnancy and the puerperium. Method: In this descriptive, observational, longitudinal study, we analysed 23 pregnant women, with particular attention to morphological and postural aspects of the foot, at three time points during and after pregnancy: in weeks 9-13 of gestation, weeks 32-35 of gestation and weeks 4-6 after delivery. The parameters considered were changes in foot length, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Hernández Corvo Index, which were analysed using a pedigraph and taking into account the Body Mass Index (BMI). The same procedure was conducted in each review. Results: The statistical analyses obtained for each foot did not differ significantly between the three measurement times. A pronator-type footprint was most frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy; it was predominantly neutral during the postpartum period. Statistically significant differences between the measurement times were obtained in the right foot for cavus vs. neutral foot type (between the first and third trimesters and also between the first trimester and the puerperium) (in both cases, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Foot length increases in the third trimester and returns to normal in the puerperium. According to FPI findings, the third trimester of pregnancy is characterised by pronation, while the posture returns to neutrality during the postpartum period. During pregnancy, the plantar arch flattens, and this persists during the puerperium. The incidence of cavus foot increases significantly in the third trimester and in the puerperium