49 research outputs found
Ontogenesis of testicular function in humans.
The two major functions of the testis, steroidogenesis and gametogenesis, take place during fetal life. These two functions have been extensively studied in rodents and adult humans. However, their onset during fetal life is poorly documented in humans. In the first part of this work we presented both our experimental data and some data of literature concerning the development of the human fetal testis. In the second part of this article, using the organ culture system we previously developed, we have investigated the regulations or perturbations of fetal testis development both in rodent and human models. Our findings provide important insight into the potential role of exposure to environmental pollutants (physical factors, in particular ionizing radiation, cadmium and endocrine disruptors such as phthalates) during fetal testicular development and their potential deleterious effects on male fertility in adulthood. Our results highlight the specificity of the human model compared with rodent models
Phthalates Impair Germ Cell Development in the Human Fetal Testis in Vitro without Change in Testosterone Production
Effect of environmental and pharmaceutical exposures on fetal testis development and function:a systematic review of human experimental data
Alien Registration- Legueux, Angenard (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/28707/thumbnail.jp
Alien Registration- Legueux, Angenard (Lewiston, Androscoggin County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/28707/thumbnail.jp
Variabilité architecturale du test chez le genre Collyrites (Echinoidea, Disasteroidea) au Jurassique moyen.
15 pagesL'Ă©volution de l'architecture du test et en particulier celle du « complexe systĂšme apicalâpĂ©riprocte » chez le genre Collyrites (Echinoidea, Disasteroidea) est analysĂ©e pour les espĂšces des Ă©tages Bathonien et Callovien (Jurassique moyen) provenant de plusieurs localitĂ©s du bassin de Paris. Le systĂšme apical du genre Collyrites est subdivisĂ© en deux parties : (i) une partie antĂ©rieure, dĂ©nommĂ©e trivium, composĂ©e de quatre plaques gĂ©nitales (1, 2, 3, 4) et de trois plaques ocellaires (II ; III ; IV) ; (ii) une partie postĂ©rieure, dĂ©nommĂ©e bivium, composĂ©e de deux plaques ocellaires (I, V) et d'une plaque gĂ©nitale (5), sans gonopore et non fonctionnelle, entourant le pĂ©riprocte. Le passage BathonienâCallovien est marquĂ© par une disjonction du bivium en deux sous-ensembles : les plaques ocellaires (I et V) d'une part, et le pĂ©riprocte et la plaque gĂ©nitale (5) d'autre part. La plaque gĂ©nitale 5 qui a tendance Ă basculer dans le pĂ©riprocte n'est pas toujours observable. Cette disjonction entre bivium et pĂ©riprocte s'accompagne de modifications architecturales. L'architecture du trivium reste relativement stable pendant le Bathonien et le Callovien ; une plaque supplĂ©mentaire peut toutefois venir s'insĂ©rer dans le trivium. L'architecture du bivium est beaucoup plus variable, en rapport avec la sĂ©paration du pĂ©riprocte et des plaques ocellaires. Au fur et Ă mesure qu'augmente la distance sĂ©parant le bivium du pĂ©riprocte, des plaques supplĂ©mentaires, de plus en plus nombreuses, s'intercalent dans l'intervalle ainsi crĂ©Ă©. Dans le mĂȘme temps, la taille de ces plaques supplĂ©mentaires augmente de maniĂšre significative. De plus, quelques spĂ©cimens du Bathonien et du Callovien peuvent prĂ©senter une architecture apicale atypique avec une plaque gĂ©nitale supplĂ©mentaire ou une plaque gĂ©nitale comportant deux pores. Ces observations sont interprĂ©tĂ©es dans le cadre du modĂšle extraxial axial theory (EAT) : (i) le « squelette axial » est composĂ© par les plaques ocellaires et celles des ambulacres et des interambulacres ; (ii) le « squelette extraxial » correspond aux plaques gĂ©nitales, aux plaques supplĂ©mentaires et Ă celles qui entourent le pĂ©riprocte. L'Ă©tude prĂ©sentĂ©e montre que la majoritĂ© de la variabilitĂ© observĂ©e sur le bivium est liĂ©e Ă un fort dĂ©veloppement du squelette extraxial entre le Bathonien et le Callovien alors que le squelette axial reste stable au cours de cette pĂ©riode
Integrative genomic analysis identifies the core transcriptional hallmarks of human hepatocellular carcinoma Running title: Transcriptional hallmarks of liver cancer
International audienceIntegrative genomics helped characterize molecular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to targeted drug candidates for specific HCC subtypes. However, no consensus was achieved for genes and pathways commonly altered in HCC. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of 15 independent datasets (n = 784 human HCC) and identified a comprehensive signature consisting of 935 genes commonly deregulated in HCC as compared with the surrounding nontumor tissue. In the HCC signature, upregulated genes were linked to early genomic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis, particularly gains of 1q and 8q. The HCC signature covered well-established cancer hallmarks, such as proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, and microenvironment remodeling, together with specific hallmarks associated with protein turnover and epigenetics. Subsequently, the HCC signature enabled us to assess the efficacy of signature-relevant drug candidates, including histone deacetylase inhibitors that specifically reduced the viability of six human HCC cell lines. Overall, this integrative genomics approach identified cancer hallmarks recurrently altered in human HCC that may be targeted by specific drugs. Combined therapies targeting common and subtype-specific cancer networks may represent a relevant therapeutic strategy in liver cancer. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6374-81. ©2016 AACR
TFOX, a novel TGF-beta target gene, switches TGF-beta activity toward EMT during tumor progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma
International audienc