Fathers and the Responsibility for Children: A Puzzle and a Tension

Drawing on a qualitative study of Canadian fathers who self-define as primary caregivers, this paper explores men's unique challenges to the gendered politics of unpaid work. While recognizing that fathers' narratives can widen our understandings of what it means to care for and take on the emotional responsibility for children, I also draw attention to the political and theoretical tensions that sit on the edges of feminist research on fathering.En se basant sur l'étude qualitative des pères canadiens qui se définissent en tant que prestataires de soins primaires, cet article explore les politiques basées sur les sexes du travail non rémunéré. Tout en reconnaissant que les récits des pères peuvent élargir notre compréhension de ce que signifie de prendre soin et d’assumer la responsabilité émotionnelle pour les enfants, j'attire l'attention sur les tensions politiques et théoriques qui sont sur les bords de la recherche féministe sur le rôle 'des pères

Socially Inclusive Parenting Leaves and Parental Benefit Entitlements: Rethinking Care and Work Binaries

How can parental leave design be more socially inclusive? Should all parents be entitled to parental benefits or only those parents who are eligible based on a particular level of labour market participation? To think through questions of social inclusion in parental leave policy design, particularly issues related to entitlements to benefits, I make three arguments. First, aiming to extend Dobrotić and Blum’s work on entitlements to parental benefits, I argue that ‘mixed systems’ that include both citizenship‐based and employment‐based benefits are just and socially inclusive approaches to parental leaves and citizenship. Second, to build a robust conceptual scaffolding for a ‘mixed’ benefits approach, I argue that that we need to attend to the histories and relationalities of the concepts and conceptual narratives that implicitly or explicitly inform parental leave policies and scholarship. Third, and more broadly, I argue that a metanarrative of care and work binaries underpins most scholarship and public and policy discourses on care work and paid work and on social policies, including parental leave policies. In this article, I outline revisioned conceptual narratives of care and work relationalities, arguing that they can begin to chip away at this metanarrative and that this kind of un‐thinking and rethinking can help us to envi‐ sion parental leave beyond employment policy—as care and work policy. Specifically, I focus on conceptual narratives that combine (1) care and work intra‐connections, (2) ethics of care and justice, and (3) ‘social care,’ ‘caring with,’ transforma‐ tive social protection, and social citizenship. Methodologically and epistemologically, this article is guided by my reading of Margaret Somers’ genealogical and relational approach to concepts, conceptual narratives, and metanarratives, and it is written in a Global North socio‐economic context marked by the COVID‐19 pandemic and 21st century neoliberalism

Social Knowing, Mental Health, and the Importance of Indigenous Resources: A Case Study of Indigenous Employment Engagement in Southwestern Ontario

This article addresses employment/unemployment engagement experiences of Indigenous peoples living in a region of present-day southwestern Ontario, as well as the wider socio-economic, cultural, and historical contexts of those experiences. The qualitative research study that informs this paper was conducted with and at the request of an Indigenous organization in southwestern Ontario with the aim of broadening understandings of the multiple factors that lead to disadvantages amongst Indigenous peoples living in a settler-colonial neoliberal society. Based on focus groups/sharing circles with 21 Indigenous youth and adults and interviews with local employers in southwestern Ontario, our study reveals that when Indigenous peoples have access to cultural knowing, critical Indigenous education opportunities, and strong support networks, they are better able to access and advocate for employment opportunities and their well-being. Yet, they face challenges in navigating these resources and spaces due to what Kristie Dotson (2014) refers to as ‘epistemic oppression’, issues related to poverty, mental health, and intergenerational trauma, all of which are intricately connected to settler colonialism and Canadian Federal Indian Policy. Overall, Indigenous organizations provide urban communities with pathways to, and respite from, neoliberal societal expectations.RésuméCet article traite des expériences des peuples autochtones vivant dans une région du sud-ouest de l’Ontario quant à l’emploi et au chômage, et plus généralement, des contextes socio-économique, culturel et historique liés à ces expériences. La recherche quantitative sur laquelle est fondé cet article a été menée avec l’aide d’une organisation autochtone du sud-ouest de l’Ontario, par leur requête, afin d’approfondir notre compréhension des multiples facteurs qui défavorisent les peuples autochtones vivant dans une société de colonialisme de peuplement néo-libérale. À travers des groupes de discussion et des cercles de partage avec 21 Autochtones, jeunes et adultes, ainsi que des entrevues avec des employeurs locaux du sud-ouest de l’Ontario, notre étude démontre que les peuples autochtones sont plus en mesure d’améliorer leurs opportunités de travail et leur bien-être, ainsi que les défendre, lorsqu’ils ont accès au savoir culturel, à des possibilités d’éducation autochtones essentielles et à un réseau de soutien solide. Pourtant, ils peinent à utiliser ces ressources et les espaces en raison de ce que Kristie Dotson (2014) appelle « l’oppression épistémique », soit des problèmes se raccordant à la pauvreté, à la santé mentale et au traumatisme intergénérationnel, ces derniers étant étroitement liés au colonialisme de peuplement et à la politique indienne du gouvernement fédéral du Canada. Globalement, les organisations autochtones offrent aux communautés urbaines des débouchés ainsi qu’un répit face aux attentes de la société néo-libérale.Mots clés: Autochtones; savoir culturel; déterminants de la santé des peuples autochtones; emploi; éducatio

Canadianizing and Evaluating a Virtual Simulation Program for Community Health

Nurse educators are looking to integrate innovative pedagogies to enable students to acquire required competencies in community/population health nursing. Previously, nursing students who used Sentinel City® an American-based virtual simulation program for community health clinical learning have been shown to obtain equal or better learning outcomes compared to students who used traditional methods. To improve the fidelity of this virtual simulation program for our Canadian context, we Canadianized Sentinel City® to improve Canadian students learning experiences further. The purpose of this research was to describe the development of Sentinel City® Canada and subsequent evaluation of student learning outcomes after implementation across different sites in two provinces in Canada. Guided by constructivist and experiential learning concepts, we used a mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey. The quantitative questions were analysed using descriptive statistics. Inferential (ANOVA) statistics examined the relationship between the use of Sentinel City® Canada and ability to meet their course learning outcomes. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis following a six-step process including: 1) Become familiar with the data; 2) Generate initial codes; 3) Search for themes; 4); Review themes; 5) Define themes; and 6) Write up the findings. The study population included all currently registered nursing students (n=396) in post-secondary nursing programs at two universities and one college during the 2021/2022 academic year who completed their community/public/population health nursing clinical with the use of Sentinel City® Canada. The response rate was 18% (n=72). Learning outcomes of students who used Sentinel City® Canada varied across jurisdictions. The overall mean of students indicating that Sentinel City® Canada helped them achieve course objectives has increased from our previous studies. In fact, the overall mean of students indicating that Sentinel City® Canada helped them achieve course objectives has increased from our previous studies, with a mean of 2.47 in 2020, to a mean of 3.11 in 2022, to a mean of 3.34 with the Canadian version. Qualitative responses provide further insight into students’ perceptions. Canadianizing Sentinel City® has increased the fidelity of this community/population health simulation program and contributed to increasing student learning outcomes. Our findings provide evidence that Sentinel City® Canada can be a valuable learning tool for community/population health nursing clinical education that contributes to course learning outcomes. Résumé Les professeures et professeurs en sciences infirmières cherchent à intégrer des stratégies pédagogiques novatrices pour permettre aux étudiantes et étudiants de développer les compétences requises en soins infirmiers de santé communautaire/populationnelle. Auparavant, il a été démontré que les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières qui utilisaient Sentinel City, un programme américain de simulation virtuelle pour l’apprentissage clinique en santé communautaire, obtenaient des résultats d’apprentissage égaux ou supérieurs à ceux des étudiantes et étudiants qui étaient exposés à des méthodes traditionnelles. Afin d’accroitre la fidélité de ce programme de simulation virtuelle à notre contexte canadien, nous avons canadianisé Sentinel City dans le but d’améliorer davantage les expériences d’apprentissage des étudiantes et étudiants canadiens. Le but de cette recherche était de décrire la conceptualisation de Sentinel City Canada et l’évaluation ultérieure des résultats d’apprentissage des étudiantes et étudiants après sa mise en œuvre dans différents campus de deux provinces du Canada. Guidées par des concepts constructivistes et expérientiels d’apprentissage, nous avons mené une étude transversale à méthodes mixtes. Les réponses aux questions quantitatives ont été analysées à l’aide de statistiques descriptives. Les statistiques inférentielles (analyse de la variance) ont examiné la relation entre l’utilisation de Sentinel City Canada et la capacité à atteindre les résultats d’apprentissage des cours. Les données qualitatives ont été analysées à l’aide d’une analyse thématique suivant un processus en six étapes comprenant : 1) se familiariser avec les données; 2) générer les codes initiaux; 3) chercher des thèmes; 4) raffiner les thèmes; 5) définir les thèmes; et 6) rédiger les résultats. La population étudiée comprenait toutes les étudiantes et tous les étudiants en sciences infirmières actuellement inscrits (n = 396) dans des programmes de sciences infirmières dans deux universités et un site collégial d’un programme universitaire collaboratif au cours de l’année 2021-2022 et qui ont terminé leur formation clinique de soins infirmiers en santé communautaire/publique/ populationnelle avec l’utilisation de Sentinel City Canada. Le taux de réponse était de 18 % (n=72). Les résultats d’apprentissage des étudiantes et étudiants qui ont utilisé Sentinel City Canada variaient selon les régions. En fait, la moyenne globale des étudiantes et étudiants qui ont indiqué que Sentinel City Canada les a aidés à atteindre les objectifs du cours a augmenté par rapport à nos études précédentes, la moyenne passant de 2,47 en 2020, à 3,11 en 2022, puis à 3,34 avec la version canadienne. Les réponses qualitatives fournissent un aperçu plus approfondi des perceptions des étudiantes et étudiants. La canadianisation de Sentinel City a accru la fidélité de ce programme de simulation sur la santé communautaire/ populationnelle et a contribué à améliorer les résultats d’apprentissage des étudiantes et étudiants. Nos résultats indiquent que Sentinel City Canada peut être un outil d’apprentissage précieux pour la formation clinique en soins infirmiers de santé communautaire/ populationnelle qui contribue à atteindre les résultats d’apprentissage des cours

Community engagement in global health education supports equity and advances local priorities: an eight year Ecuador-Canada partnership

Background: Global health education initiatives inconsistently balance trainee growth and benefits to host communities. This report describes a global health elective for medical trainees that focuses on community engagement and participatory research to provide mutually beneficial outcomes for the communities and trainees.Methods: An eight-year university–community partnership, the Chilcapamba to Montreal Global Health Elective is a two-month shared decision-making research and clinical observership experience in rural Ecuador for medical trainees at McGill University, Canada. Research topics are set by matching community-identified priorities with skillsets and interests of trainees, taking into consideration local potential impact.Results: Community outcomes included development of a Community Health Worker program, new collaborations with local organizations, community identification of health priorities, and generation of health improvement recommendations. Collaborative academic outputs included multiple bursary awards, conference presentations and published manuscripts.  Conclusion: This medical global health elective engages communities using participatory research to prioritise socially responsible and locally beneficial outcomes

Early crustal processes revealed by the ejection site of the oldest martian meteorite

The formation and differentiation of the crust of Mars in the first tens of millions of years after its accretion can only be deciphered from incredibly limited records. The martian breccia NWA 7034 and its paired stones is one of them. This meteorite contains the oldest martian igneous material ever dated: ~4.5 Ga old. However, its source and geological context have so far remained unknown. Here, we show that the meteorite was ejected 5–10 Ma ago from the north-east of the Terra Cimmeria—Sirenum province, in the southern hemisphere of Mars. More specifically, the breccia belongs to the ejecta deposits of the Khujirt crater formed 1.5 Ga ago, and it was ejected as a result of the formation of the Karratha crater 5–10 Ma ago. Our findings demonstrate that the Terra Cimmeria—Sirenum province is a relic of the differentiated primordial martian crust, formed shortly after the accretion of the planet, and that it constitutes a unique record of early crustal processes. This province is an ideal landing site for future missions aiming to unravel the first tens of millions of years of the history of Mars and, by extension, of all terrestrial planets, including the Earth

Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests accross the tropics

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentAim Large trees (d.b.h. 70 cm) store large amounts of biomass. Several studies suggest that large trees may be vulnerable to changing climate, potentially leading to declining forest biomass storage. Here we determine the importance of large trees for tropical forest biomass storage and explore which intrinsic (species trait) and extrinsic (environment) variables are associated with the density of large trees and forest biomass at continental and pan-tropical scales. Location Pan-tropical. Methods Aboveground biomass (AGB) was calculated for 120 intact lowland moist forest locations. Linear regression was used to calculate variation in AGB explained by the density of large trees. Akaike information criterion weights (AICcwi) were used to calculate averaged correlation coefficients for all possible multiple regression models between AGB/density of large trees and environmental and species trait variables correcting for spatial autocorrelation. Results Density of large trees explained c. 70% of the variation in pan-tropical AGB and was also responsible for significantly lower AGB in Neotropical [287.8 (mean) 105.0 (SD) Mg ha-1] versus Palaeotropical forests (Africa 418.3 91.8 Mg ha-1; Asia 393.3 109.3 Mg ha-1). Pan-tropical variation in density of large trees and AGB was associated with soil coarseness (negative), soil fertility (positive), community wood density (positive) and dominance of wind dispersed species (positive), temperature in the coldest month (negative), temperature in the warmest month (negative) and rainfall in the wettest month (positive), but results were not always consistent among continents. Main conclusions Density of large trees and AGB were significantly associated with climatic variables, indicating that climate change will affect tropical forest biomass storage. Species trait composition will interact with these future biomass changes as they are also affected by a warmer climate. Given the importance of large trees for variation in AGB across the tropics, and their sensitivity to climate change, we emphasize the need for in-depth analyses of the community dynamics of large trees

Instrumento de Acompañamiento. El proceso de acompañamiento en situaciones de vulnerabilidad en el periodo perinatal

El documento que presentamos se centra en los procesos de acompañamiento de las mujeres y sus hijos e hijas en situación de vulnerabilidad durante el periodo perinatal. Para su elaboración se ha realizado una revisión del concepto de acompañamiento y un análisis de las diferentes herramientas de acompañamiento que utilizan los profesionales del proyecto CAPEvFAIR. La revisión teórica ha permitido enmarcar el concepto, los objetivos y los aspectos claves para desarrollar procesos de acompañamiento que contribuyen a mejorar el bienestar de este colectivo y, por ende, a reducir la vulnerabilidad. La reflexión y el debate continuado entre los investigadores universitarios y los profesionales que participan en el proyecto CAPEvFAIR han nutrido todo este proceso generando un nuevo marco donde inscribir la intervención del profesional surgido del diálogo entre teoría y práctica. Este marco del acompañamiento aporta una nueva visión de la intervención profesional centrada en el colectivo y el período específico que nos ocupa aquí. Este material puede ser utilizado por los diferentes profesionales que trabajan e intervienen en el proceso de acompañamiento durante el período perinatal de madres, hijos e hijas en situación de vulnerabilidad. El documento, a parte del marco general, ofrece diferentes instrumentos que cada profesional podrá adaptar a su contexto, a las necesidades de la población con la que interviene y a la realidad específica del país en el que se aplique. El documento que se ofrece debe interpretarse como una herramienta para orientar a los y las profesionales en su tarea de acompañamiento a este colectivo.Proyecto Europeo CapeVfair. Erasmus

An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher’s alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e. at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa

Vulnerabilidad de las madres y sus hijos e hijas durante el período perinatal: puntos de referencia

Durante los últimos años, la vulnerabilidad se ha convertido en una de las cuestiones más importantes que han centrado el debate en torno las políticas sociales en Europa. Del latín “vulnus”, que significa “lesión”, y “vulnare”, “dañar”, la vulnerabilidad es el área en la que el daño puede darse. Existe una doble perspectiva sobre qué área sensible o fragilidad define la vulnerabilidad, según Soulet (2010). Así pues, vulnerabilidad significa “susceptibilidad de ser dañado”. El denominador común es un estado frágil ya conocido o a punto de ser conocido. Este concepto, aunque muy general, se puede especificar en los dos ámbitos que integra el proyecto europeo CAPEvFAIR: por un lado el científico y, por el otro, el profesional.Proyecto Europeo CapeVfair. Erasmus