Velocidade de processamento em estudantes chilenos com e sem Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH)

adhd is the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in schoolchildren. Evidence indicates that executive functions are affected in students with adhd, such as processing speed and working memory. However, there is no definitive agreement on their systematic presence in this disorder. The aim was to determine whether processing speed and working memory correspond to cognitive variables in adhd. A total of 138 students aged 10 to 17 participated. adhd was determined with the vadtrs scale. Processing speed and working memory were assessed with graphomotor speed and digit tasks, respectively. A cross-sectional, univariate, inter-subject design was used for data analysis. The vadtrs detected one group with adhd (N=97) and one without adhd (N=41). Processing speed and working memory tasks were applied to both groups. The analyses detected significant processing speed and working memory differences between the adhd and non-adhd groups. The adhd group was divided according to presentation; no significant differences were detected in processing speed, and working memory showed significantly lower performance in the inattentive and combined adhd presentations. Processing speed and working memory appear to distinguish between subjects with and without adhd. Processing speed does not appear to differentiate between presentations. Working memory appears impaired in those presentations where the attentional component is determinant.El tdah es el trastorno del neurodesarrollo más diagnosticado en escolares. La evidencia indica que las funciones ejecutivas, como es el caso de la velocidad de procesamiento y la memoria de trabajo, están afectadas en estudiantes con tdah, aunque no existe un acuerdo definitivo sobre su presencia sistemática en este trastorno. Esta investigación pretende determinar si la velocidad de procesamiento y la memoria de trabajo corresponden a variables cognitivas en el tdah. Participaron 138 estudiantes de 10 a 17 años, y se determinó tdah con la escala vadtrs. Se evaluó velocidad de procesamiento con una tarea de rapidez grafomotora y memoria de trabajo con una tarea de dígitos. Se utilizó un diseño transversal, univariante e intersujeto para el análisis de los datos. El vadtrs detectó un grupo con tdah (N = 97) y otro sin tdah (N = 41). A ambos grupos se aplicaron tareas de velocidad de procesamiento y memoria de trabajo, y los análisis permitieron detectar diferencias significativas en estas variables entre los grupos con y sin tdah. El grupo con tdah fue dividido según su presentación, no se detectaron diferencias significativas en velocidad de procesamiento, la memoria de trabajo mostró un rendimiento significativamente menor en las presentaciones de tdah inatenta y combinada. La velocidad de procesamiento y la memoria de trabajo parecen distinguir entre sujetos con y sin tdah, la velocidad de procesamiento no parece distinguir entre presentaciones y la memoria de trabajo aparece alterada en aquellas presentaciones en que el componente atencional es definitorio.O tdah é o transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento mais diagnosticado em estudantes. Evidências indicam que as funções executivas são afetadas em estudantes com tdah, como é o caso da velocidade de processamento e da memória de trabalho, embora não haja um consenso definitivo sobre sua presença sistemática nesse transtorno. O objetivo é determinar se a velocidade de processamento e a memória de trabalho correspondem a variáveis ​​cognitivas no tdah. Participaram 138 alunos de 10 a 17 anos. O tdah foi determinado com a escala vadtrs. A velocidade de processamento foi avaliada com uma tarefa de velocidade grafomotora e a memória de trabalho com uma tarefa de dígitos. Um desenho transversal, univariado e intersujeitos foi usado para análise de dados. O vadtrs detectou um grupo com tdah (N = 97) e outro sem tdah (N = 41). Foram aplicadas a ambos os grupos as tarefas de velocidade de processamento e de memória de trabalho. As análises permitiram detectar diferenças significativas na velocidade de processamento e na memória de trabalho entre os grupos com e sem tdah. O grupo com tdah foi dividido de acordo com sua forma de apresentação; não foram detectadas diferenças significativas na velocidade de processamento; a memória de trabalho teve um desempenho significativamente inferior em casos de tdah do tipo desatento e misto. A velocidade de processamento e a memória de trabalho parecem distinguir entre sujeitos com e sem tdah; a velocidade de processamento parece não distinguir as formas de apresentação de tdah e a memória de trabalho aparece..

Native American ancestry significantly contributes to neuromyelitis optica susceptibility in the admixed Mexican population

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10–6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10–10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.Fil: Romero Hidalgo, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Flores Rivera, José. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Rivas Alonso, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; MéxicoFil: Villarreal Molina, María Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Antuna Puente, Bárbara. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Macias Kauffer, Luis Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Villalobos Comparán, Marisela. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ortiz Maldonado, Jair. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Yu, Neng. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Lebedeva, Tatiana V.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Alosco, Sharon M.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: García Rodríguez, Juan Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: González Torres, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Rosas Madrigal, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ordoñez, Graciela. Neuroimmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Guerrero Camacho, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Treviño Frenk, Irene. American British Cowdray Medical Center; México. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Escamilla Tilch, Monica. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: García Lechuga, Maricela. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Tovar Méndez, Víctor Hugo. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bortolini, María Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz Linares, Andrés. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Canizales Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Yunis, Edmond. Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Granados, Julio. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Corona, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Méxic

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

El análisis de toxicidad de BTEX en agua, un elemento a considerar en la normatividad de suelos contaminados por hidrocarburos y en los criterios ambientales para aguas subterráneas en México

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Integrado), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIEMAD, 2004, 1 archivo PDF, (141 páginas). tesis.ipn.m

Joint interpretation of geoelectrical and volatile organic compounds data: a case study in a hydrocarbons contaminated urban site

Debido a la ocurrencia de un derrame de gasolina en un área urbana, los métodos de Tomografía de Resistividad Eléctrica (TRE), Perfilaje Electromagnético (PEM) y de medición de Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles (COV) fueron utilizados para definir la pluma de contaminación y dirigir los trabajos de muestreo de suelo. Las anomalías COV (contaminación reciente) indicaron que una gasolinera localizada en el área de estudio es una fuente de contaminación activa. Las zonas con contaminación madura definidas con los métodos TRE y PEM correspondieron con anomalías de baja resistividad debido a los procesos de degradación de los hidrocarburos contaminantes. Los resultados alcanzados con los métodos TRE, PEM y VOC fueron integrados en un mapa, permitiendo la configuración final de las plumas de contaminación y la optimización de las perforaciones y el muestreo de suelo y producto libre. Análisis de laboratorio de las muestras de producto libre sugieren la existencia de más de un evento de contaminación en el sitio, con la presencia de contaminantes hidrocarburos frescos y degradados, clasificados en el rango de gasolina. Este estudio demuestra las ventajas de la aplicación conjunta de TRE, PEM y COV en sitios con fuentes de contaminación activa, donde se asume la existencia de hidrocarburos contaminantes recientes y maduros en el subsuelo. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7169(14)71499-

Metagenomic survey of the highly polyphagous Anastrepha ludens developing in ancestral and exotic hosts reveals the lack of a stable microbiota in larvae and the strong influence of metamorphosis on adult gut microbiota

We studied the microbiota of a highly polyphagous insect, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), developing in six of its hosts, including two ancestral (Casimiroa edulis and C. greggii), three exotic (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo, Prunus persica cv. Criollo, and Citrus x aurantium) and one occasional host (Capsicum pubescens cv. Manzano), that is only used when extreme drought conditions limit fruiting by the common hosts. One of the exotic hosts (“criollo” peach) is rife with polyphenols and the occasional host with capsaicinoids exerting high fitness costs on the larvae. We pursued the following questions: (1) How is the microbial composition of the larval food related to the composition of the larval and adult microbiota, and what does this tell us about transience and stability of this species’ gut microbiota? (2) How does metamorphosis affect the adult microbiota? We surveyed the microbiota of the pulp of each host fruit, as well as the gut microbiota of larvae and adult flies and found that the gut of A. ludens larvae lacks a stable microbiota, since it was invariably associated with the composition of the pulp microbiota of the host plant species studied and was also different from the microbiota of adult flies indicating that metamorphosis filters out much of the microbiota present in larvae. The microbiota of adult males and females was similar between them, independent of host plant and was dominated by bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae. We found that in the case of the “toxic” occasional host C. pubescens the microbiota is enriched in potentially deleterious genera that were much less abundant in the other hosts. In contrast, the pulp of the ancestral host C. edulis is enriched in several bacterial groups that can be beneficial for larval development. We also report for the first time the presence of bacteria within the Arcobacteraceae family in the gut microbiota of A. ludens stemming from C. edulis. Based on our findings, we conclude that changes in the food-associated microbiota dictate major changes in the larval microbiota, suggesting that most larval gut microbiota is originated from the food.This study was principally financed with resources from the Mexican Ministry of Agriculture (SADER), Dirección del Programa Nacional de Moscas de la Fruta (DGSV – SENASICA) via the National Consultative Phytosanitary Council (CONACOFI) through projects 41011–2017, 41012–2018, 41013–2019, 80124–2020, and 80147–2021 awarded to MA. Additional funds were provided by the Asociación de Productores y Empacadores Exportadores de Aguacate de México (APEAM), Project 41010 to MA, the Universidad de Valencia via a Distinguished Professor Fellowship to MA (UV-INV-EPC17-548793), the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)–Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz FOMIX grant (Project VER-2017-01-292397) to MA, and by the Instituto de Ecología, AC–INECOL. This project was also financed by Generalitat Valenciana (Valencia, Spain), Prometeo/2018/A/133 grant to AM.Peer reviewe

Recomendaciones sobre el uso de metrotexato parenteral en reumatología

Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20180.363 SJR (2018) Q3, 38/66 RheumatologyNo data IDR 2018UE

Recommendations for the use of parenteral methotrexate in rheumatology

Desarrollar recomendaciones sobre el uso de metrotexato (MTX) parenteral en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas, fundamentalmente en la artritis reumatoide, basadas en la mejor evidencia y experiencia. Métodos Se seleccionó un grupo de 21 expertos reumatólogos en el manejo de MTX. El coordinador generó 13 preguntas sobre el uso de MTX parenteral (perfiles de indicación, eficacia, seguridad, costo-eficacia y biodisponibilidad) para ser contestadas mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Con base en las preguntas se definieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y las estrategias de búsqueda (en Medline, EMBASE y la Cochrane Library). Tres revisores seleccionaron los artículos resultantes de la búsqueda. Se generaron tablas de evidencia. Paralelamente se evaluaron abstracts de congresos de la European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) y del American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Con toda esta evidencia el coordinador generó 13 recomendaciones preliminares que se evaluaron, discutieron y votaron en una reunión del grupo nominal con los expertos. Para cada recomendación se estableció el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación, y el grado de acuerdo mediante un Delphi. Se definió acuerdo si al menos el 80% de los participantes contestaron sí a la recomendación (sí o no). Resultados La mayoría de la evidencia proviene de la artritis reumatoide. De las 13 recomendaciones preliminares se aceptaron 11 recomendaciones sobre el uso de MTX parenteral en reumatología. Dos no se llegaron a votar y se decidió no incluirlas, pero se comentan en el texto final. Conclusiones Este documento pretende resolver algunos interrogantes clínicos habituales y facilitar la toma de decisiones con el uso de MTX parenteral.To develop recommendations for the use of parenteral methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatic diseases, mainly rheumatoid arthritis, based on best evidence and experience. Methods A group of 21 experts on parenteral MTX use was selected. The coordinator formulated 13 questions about parenteral MTX (indications, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness). A systematic review was conducted to answer the questions. Using this information, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, as were the search strategies (involving Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library). Three different reviewers selected the articles. Evidence tables were created. Abstracts from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were evaluated. Based on this evidence, the coordinator proposed preliminary recommendations that the experts discussed and voted in a nominal group meeting. The level of evidence and grade of recommendation were established using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and the level of agreement with the Delphi technique (2 rounds). Agreement was established if at least 80% of the experts voted yes (yes/no). Results Most of the evidence involved rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 13 preliminary recommendations on the use of parenteral MTX were proposed; 11 of them were accepted. Two of the 13 were not voted and are commented on in the main text. Conclusions The manuscript aims to solve frequent questions and help in decision-making strategies when treating patients with parenteral MTX.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20180.363 SJR (2018) Q3, 38/66 RheumatologyNo data IDR 2018UE