Основи інформатики з елементами програмування та сучасні інформаційні технології навчання. Ч. І. Основи інформатики

У посібнику представлено загальні відомості з основ інформатики: апаратне забезпечення інформаційних систем; операційні системи; прикладне програмне забезпечення; комп’ютерна графіка; текстовий і табличний процесори; бази даних та системи управління базами даних. Посібник складається з двох частин: «Теоретична частина» і «Лабораторні роботи». Посібник містить приклади, рекомендації виконання завдань та примітки у вигляді порад для їхнього раціонального виконання. Навчальний посібник призначений для супроводу курсу «Основи інформатики з елементами програмування та сучасні інформаційні технології навчання», який передбачено навчальним планом для студентів напрямів підготовки: «Початкова освіта», «Дошкільна освіта». Також посібник адресовано педагогічним працівникам і студентам інших напрямів підготовки

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ВГМУВЫСШАЯ МАТЕМАТИКАУЧЕБНЫЕ ПОСОБИЯЦель пособия - ознакомить студентов с основами современного математического аппарата как средства решения теоретических и практических задач фармации, физики, биологии, химии

Laparoscopic Lavage Is Feasible and Safe for the Treatment of Perforated Diverticulitis With Purulent Peritonitis:The First Results From the Randomized Controlled Trial DILALA

To evaluate short-term outcomes of a new treatment for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis in a randomized controlled trial. BACKGROUND: Perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis (Hinchey III) has traditionally been treated with surgery including colon resection and stoma (Hartmann procedure) with considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic lavage has been suggested as a less invasive surgical treatment. METHODS: Laparoscopic lavage was compared with colon resection and stoma in a randomized controlled multicenter trial, DILALA (ISRCTN82208287). Initial diagnostic laparoscopy showing Hinchey III was followed by randomization. Clinical data was collected up to 12 weeks postoperatively. Results: Eighty-three patients were randomized, out of whom 39 patients in laparoscopic lavage and 36 patients in the Hartmann procedure groups were available for analysis. Morbidity and mortality after laparoscopic lavage did not differ when compared with the Hartmann procedure. Laparoscopic lavage resulted in shorter operating time, shorter time in the recovery unit, and shorter hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: In this trial, laparoscopic lavage as treatment for patients with perforated diverticulitis Hinchey III was feasible and safe in the short-term

Treatment of acute diverticulitis laparoscopic lavage vs. resection (DILALA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Perforated diverticulitis is a condition associated with substantial morbidity. Recently published reports suggest that laparoscopic lavage has fewer complications and shorter hospital stay. So far no randomised study has published any results.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>DILALA is a Scandinavian, randomised trial, comparing laparoscopic lavage (LL) to the traditional Hartmann's Procedure (HP). Primary endpoint is the number of re-operations within 12 months. Secondary endpoints consist of mortality, quality of life (QoL), re-admission, health economy assessment and permanent stoma. Patients are included when surgery is required. A laparoscopy is performed and if Hinchey grade III is diagnosed the patient is included and randomised 1:1, to either LL or HP. Patients undergoing LL receive > 3L of saline intraperitoneally, placement of pelvic drain and continued antibiotics. Follow-up is scheduled 6-12 weeks, 6 months and 12 months. A QoL-form is filled out on discharge, 6- and 12 months. Inclusion is set to 80 patients (40+40).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>HP is associated with a high rate of complication. Not only does the primary operation entail complications, but also subsequent surgery is associated with a high morbidity. Thus the combined risk of treatment for the patient is high. The aim of the DILALA trial is to evaluate if laparoscopic lavage is a safe, minimally invasive method for patients with perforated diverticulitis Hinchey grade III, resulting in fewer re-operations, decreased morbidity, mortality, costs and increased quality of life.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>British registry (ISRCTN) for clinical trials <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN82208287">ISRCTN82208287</a><url>http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN82208287</url></p

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-1) is required for ventricular conduction system development.

The most distal portion of the ventricular conduction system (VCS) contains cardiac Purkinje cells (PCs), which are essential for synchronous activation of the ventricular myocardium. Contactin-2 (CNTN2), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (IgSF-CAMs), was previously identified as a marker of the VCS. Through differential transcriptional profiling, we discovered two additional highly enriched IgSF-CAMs in the VCS: NCAM-1 and ALCAM. Immunofluorescence staining showed dynamic expression patterns for each IgSF-CAM during embryonic and early postnatal stages, but ultimately all three proteins became highly enriched in mature PCs. Mice deficient in NCAM-1, but not CNTN2 or ALCAM, exhibited defects in PC gene expression and VCS patterning, as well as cardiac conduction disease. Moreover, using ST8sia2 and ST8sia4 knockout mice, we show that inhibition of post-translational modification of NCAM-1 by polysialic acid leads to disrupted trafficking of sarcolemmal intercalated disc proteins to junctional membranes and abnormal expansion of the extracellular space between apposing PCs. Taken together, our data provide insights into the complex developmental biology of the ventricular conduction system

Laparoscopic Lavage - A Paradigm Shift for the Treatment of Perforated Diverticulitis with Purulent Peritonitis?

Introduction: Perforated diverticulitis of the colon is a condition that sometimes requires surgical treatment. Traditionally Hartmann’s procedure is the recommended treatment. Laparoscopic lavage has lately evoked interest as a definite treatment for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis. Aim: To evaluate the surgical treatment for perforated diverticulitis and to assess laparoscopic lavage as a definite treatment for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis. Patients and Methods: Paper I explores the morbidity and mortality of patients operated due to perforated diverticulitis at Sahlgrenska University Hospital 2003 to 2008. Papers II-IV describe the conception, structure and the results of the randomised controlled trial DILALA, which compares laparoscopic lavage to Hartmann’s procedure as a treatment for perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis. Results: Paper I found that 44% of the patients were re-operated after surgical treatment for perforated diverticulitis. The mortality rate during first admission was 6%. The stoma, a result from Hartmann’s procedure, became permanent in 40% of the patients. The DILALA-trial showed that for laparoscopic lavage 28% were re-operated compared to 63% for the Hartmann’s procedure, a relative risk reduction of 59% for re-operation (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.72) (p=0.004) There was also significantly shorter operating time and shorter length of hospital stay. No differences were found in mortality, morbidity or quality of life. Conclusion: The scientific evidence for laparoscopic lavage is still limited but our results indicate that laparoscopic lavage is superior to Hartmann’s procedure when treating perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis

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