Análisis de la naturaleza del dolor espiritual presentado por pacientes terminales y el proceso de elaboración de un nuevo significado a través de la intervención de relajamiento, imágenes mentales y espiritualidad (RIME)

OBJECTIVE: To understand Spiritual Pain and the new meaning it takes on using the RIME intervention. Subjects and methods: Eleven terminally ill patients (n=11), treated at public hospitals, received care from six professionals trained for RIME application. The methods used were both qualitative, through phenomenology, and quantitative, based on the descriptive method, using the Wilcoxon Test. RESULTS: In the qualitative approach, six categories and eleven subcategories were found. The prevailing categories were: fear of dying by denying the severity of the clinical condition (n=5); fear of dying by realizing the severity of the clinical condition (n=5); fear of postmortem due to disintegration or feeling of non-existence, of being affectively forgotten (n=5). In the quantitative analysis, a statistically significant difference (pOBJETIVO: Estudiar la naturaleza del Dolor Espiritual y el proceso de elaboración de un nuevo significado durante la aplicación de la Intervención RIME. Sujetos y métodos: Once pacientes terminales (n=11), tratados en hospitales públicos, por seis profesionales entrenados para aplicar la RIME. Los métodos utilizados fueron el cualitativo con base en la fenomenología y el cuantitativo, a través del descriptivo, utilizándose la Prueba Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: En el abordaje cualitativo fueron encontradas seis categorías y once subcategorías. Las categorías que prevalecieron fueron: miedo de la muerte por negación de la gravedad del cuadro clínico (n=5); miedo de la muerte por percepción de la gravedad del cuadro clínico (n=5); miedo de la post-muerte por el sentimiento de desintegración, de dejar de existir, de ser afectivamente olvidado (n=5). En el análisis cuantitativo se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (pOBJETIVO: Estudar a natureza da Dor Espiritual e sua re-significação durante a aplicação da Intervenção RIME. Sujeitos e métodos: Onze pacientes terminais (n=11), tratados em hospitais públicos, por seis profissionais treinados para aplicar a RIME. Os métodos utilizados foram o qualitativo com base na fenomenologia e o quantitativo, através do descritivo, utilizando-se o Teste Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Na abordagem qualitativa foram encontradas seis categorias e onze subcategorias. As categorias prevalentes foram: medo da morte por negação da gravidade do quadro clínico (n=5); medo da morte por percepção da gravidade do quadro clínico (n=5); medo do pós-morte pelo sentimento de desintegração, de inexistir, de ser afetivamente esquecido (n=5). Na análise quantitativa observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa (

Training program about the therapeutical intervention relaxation, mental images and spirituality (RIME) to resignify the spiritual pain of terminal patients

BACKGROUND: This article presents a training program for a therapeutic intervention involving relaxation, mental images and spirituality (RIME), which can be administered to help terminal patients to resignify their spiritual pain. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of a training program based on the understanding of the experience of professionals in the use of RIME intervention and of patients in their resignification of spiritual pain, as revealed during the administration of RIME by trained professionals. METHOD: The participants were a nurse, a female doctor, three psychologists and a volunteer alternative therapist, all experienced in or studying palliative care; they were invited to participate in the training program and were later in charge of caring for eleven terminal inpatients in public hospitals of Campinas, Piracicaba and São Paulo. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study involves action-research and phenomenology. Qualitative results were analyzed by the content analysis utilizing the thematic analysis technique. Quantitative results were analyzed descriptively using the Wilcoxon Test. RESULTS: In the analysis of the professionals, experiences, five categories and fifteen sub-categories were found. In the analysis of the constitution of spiritual pain, we found the idea of fear of death to be the most prevalent, either expressed by negation of the gravity of the clinical prognosis or by the perception of this gravity. After the administration of RIME, statistically significant differences in perceived level of well being (p < 0.0001) were expressed after sessions of RIME. CONCLUSION: The proposed training program proved to be effective in preparing health area professionals for the use of RIME intervention, qualifying them to provide spiritual assistance within an academic perspective. The results suggested that RIME promoted the resignification of spiritual pain in terminal patients.CONTEXTO: Neste artigo, apresentamos um programa de treinamento sobre a intervenção terapêutica relaxamento, imagens mentais e espiritualidade (RIME) para profissionais de saúde, que objetiva re-significar a dor espiritual de pacientes terminais. OBJETIVO: Analisar um programa de treinamento por meio da compreensão da experiência de profissionais na utilização da Intervenção RIME e da compreensão da experiência dos doentes na re-significação da dor espiritual, manifestada durante a aplicação do RIME por profissionais treinados. MÉTODOS: Os sujeitos foram uma enfermeira, uma médica, três psicólogos e uma terapeuta alternativa voluntária, todos experientes ou estudiosos em cuidados paliativos, selecionados por convite e que atenderam 11 pacientes terminais internados em hospitais públicos das cidades de Campinas, Piracicaba e São Paulo (SP). A metodologia utilizada teve como base a pesquisa-ação e a fenomenologia. Os resultados qualitativos foram analisados pelo método análise do conteúdo por meio da técnica análise temática e os quantitativos foram analisados pelo método descritivo, utilizando-se o teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Na análise da vivência dos profissionais, encontramos cinco categorias e 15 subcategorias. Na análise da natureza da dor espiritual, encontramos como categorias mais prevalentes os medos da morte expresso pela negação e pela percepção do quadro clínico. Na aplicação do RIME, observamos diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,0001), isto é, no final das sessões os doentes relataram maior nível de bem-estar que no início das sessões. CONCLUSÃO: O programa de treinamento proposto mostrou-se eficaz para preparar profissionais de saúde para o uso da intervenção RIME, capacitando-os para o processo de cuidar e prestar assistência espiritual segundo uma perspectiva acadêmica. Os resultados sugeriram que o RIME favoreceu a re-significação da dor espiritual de pacientes terminais.607

Programa de treinamento sobre a intervenção terapêutica "relaxamento, imagens mentais e espiritualidade" (RIME) para re-significar a dor espiritual de pacientes terminais

BACKGROUND: This article presents a training program for a therapeutic intervention involving relaxation, mental images and spirituality (RIME), which can be administered to help terminal patients to resignify their spiritual pain. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of a training program based on the understanding of the experience of professionals in the use of RIME intervention and of patients in their resignification of spiritual pain, as revealed during the administration of RIME by trained professionals. METHOD: The participants were a nurse, a female doctor, three psychologists and a volunteer alternative therapist, all experienced in or studying palliative care; they were invited to participate in the training program and were later in charge of caring for eleven terminal inpatients in public hospitals of Campinas, Piracicaba and São Paulo. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study involves action-research and phenomenology. Qualitative results were analyzed by the content analysis utilizing the thematic analysis technique. Quantitative results were analyzed descriptively using the Wilcoxon Test. RESULTS: In the analysis of the professionals, experiences, five categories and fifteen sub-categories were found. In the analysis of the constitution of spiritual pain, we found the idea of fear of death to be the most prevalent, either expressed by negation of the gravity of the clinical prognosis or by the perception of this gravity. After the administration of RIME, statistically significant differences in perceived level of well being (p < 0.0001) were expressed after sessions of RIME. CONCLUSION: The proposed training program proved to be effective in preparing health area professionals for the use of RIME intervention, qualifying them to provide spiritual assistance within an academic perspective. The results suggested that RIME promoted the resignification of spiritual pain in terminal patients.CONTEXTO: Neste artigo, apresentamos um programa de treinamento sobre a intervenção terapêutica relaxamento, imagens mentais e espiritualidade (RIME) para profissionais de saúde, que objetiva re-significar a dor espiritual de pacientes terminais. OBJETIVO: Analisar um programa de treinamento por meio da compreensão da experiência de profissionais na utilização da Intervenção RIME e da compreensão da experiência dos doentes na re-significação da dor espiritual, manifestada durante a aplicação do RIME por profissionais treinados. MÉTODOS: Os sujeitos foram uma enfermeira, uma médica, três psicólogos e uma terapeuta alternativa voluntária, todos experientes ou estudiosos em cuidados paliativos, selecionados por convite e que atenderam 11 pacientes terminais internados em hospitais públicos das cidades de Campinas, Piracicaba e São Paulo (SP). A metodologia utilizada teve como base a pesquisa-ação e a fenomenologia. Os resultados qualitativos foram analisados pelo método análise do conteúdo por meio da técnica análise temática e os quantitativos foram analisados pelo método descritivo, utilizando-se o teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Na análise da vivência dos profissionais, encontramos cinco categorias e 15 subcategorias. Na análise da natureza da dor espiritual, encontramos como categorias mais prevalentes os medos da morte expresso pela negação e pela percepção do quadro clínico. Na aplicação do RIME, observamos diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,0001), isto é, no final das sessões os doentes relataram maior nível de bem-estar que no início das sessões. CONCLUSÃO: O programa de treinamento proposto mostrou-se eficaz para preparar profissionais de saúde para o uso da intervenção RIME, capacitando-os para o processo de cuidar e prestar assistência espiritual segundo uma perspectiva acadêmica. Os resultados sugeriram que o RIME favoreceu a re-significação da dor espiritual de pacientes terminais

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

RIME (Relaxamento, Imagens Mentais, Espiritualidade): psicoterapia breve por imagens alquímicas: Aplicações práticas

Within the theme 'psychotherapy and spirituality in health', this article presents the RIME Intervention (Relaxation, Mental Images and Spirituality) that was developed and perfected by the author for eighteen years, through master's, doctoral and postdoctoral studies, both in patients in palliatives care, in the terminal phase, as well as in patients with possibilities of cure. Our goal is introduce to the reader to the brief psychotherapy by alchemical images RIME, describing the step by step for its application. The methodological approach used for the development of RIME, throughout the studies, comprised the qualitative and the quantitative method. The RIME Intervention is a brief psychotherapy, of a complementary character, developed for a hospital environment, which integrates the techniques of relaxation, directed imagination and elements of spirituality, in a symbolic and transpersonal approach. Although it was developed for the hospital environment, it can be used as an adjuvant technique in the classic psychotherapeutic process in the clinic. It has been observed that RIME promotes the connection with the Inner Wisdom, with the Sacred, in order to minimize anguish, to re-signify psychic pain, spiritual pain, or a focus of suffering, defined by the patient. It allows strengthening the healthy psychic resources and the resilience, promoting the quality of life in the process of the disease. Because it is a brief psychotherapy, it can be applied by all health professionals, both in situations of the palliative care and in situations of healing possibilities.Dentro da temática ‘psicoterapia e espiritualidade em saúde’, este artigo apresenta a Intervenção RIME (Relaxamento, Imagens Mentais e Espiritualidade) a qual foi desenvolvida e aperfeiçoada pela autora por dezoito anos, através de estudos de mestrado, doutorado e pós-doutorado, tanto em pacientes em cuidados paliativos na terminalidade, como em pacientes com possibilidades de cura. Objetivamos apresentar ao leitor a psicoterapia breve por imagens alquímicas RIME, descrevendo o passo a passo para a sua aplicação. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento da RIME, ao longo dos estudos, compreendeu a abordagem qualitativa e a quantitativa. A Intervenção RIME é uma psicoterapia breve, de caráter complementar, desenvolvida para ambiente hospitalar, que integra as técnicas de relaxamento, imaginação dirigida e elementos da espiritualidade, em uma abordagem simbólica e transpessoal. Embora tenha sido desenvolvida para ambiente hospitalar, pode ser utilizada como uma técnica adjuvante no processo psicoterapêutico clássico, no consultório, frente à determinação de um foco de trabalho. Observamos que a RIME promove a conexão com a sabedoria interna, com o Sagrado, para minimizar angústias, ressignificar a dor psíquica, a dor espiritual, ou um foco de sofrimento definido pelo paciente. Possibilita o fortalecimento dos recursos psíquicos saudáveis e da resiliência, promovendo qualidade de vida frente ao adoecer. Por ser uma psicoterapia breve pode ser aplicada por todos os profissionais da área de saúde, tanto em situação de cuidados paliativos, como em situação de possibilidades de cura

Re-significação da dor simbólica da morte: relaxamento mental, imagens mentais e espiritualidade

This paper describes a specific terminal patient`s psychotherapy that included mental relaxation and visualization of mental images related to elements of spirituality, offered to four children and three adolescents with cancer, without possibility of cure. We concluded that the patients had an improvement in the quality of life throughout the dying process, and died with dignity and serenity, after being treated through this specific approach of terminal patient`s psychotherapy, which includes: mental relaxation, mental images and spirituality.Este artigo relata, dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa, o atendimento psicológico oferecido a quatro crianças e três adolescentes com câncer, fora de possibilidade de cura, desenvolvido através da integração das técnicas de relaxamento mental e visualização de imagens mentais com os elementos que descrevem a natureza da espiritualidade, dentro das premissas de uma psicoterapia breve de apoio. Através dos casos relatados, concluímos que essa forma de atendimento ao paciente terminal resignifica a dor simbólica da morte e proporciona qualidade de vida no processo de morrer e morte serena e digna