X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Sio2/Si Track Templates with Deposited Zn

Si/SiO2 /Zn structures are fabricated by the track template synthesis. SEM and AFM images of the surface after electrochemical deposition of zinc were obtained. XRD analysis of the deposited samples showed the creation of zinc oxide nanocrystals with Miller indexes (200) at θ=62,30 and (201) at θ=69,50 (PDF#361451-etalon)

The Value of the Fossil Remains of the Paleozoic Fauna in the Mukry Mountains to Study the Relative Age of Rocks and of Organic Evolution

The article describes the importance of the study of fossil organisms to reconstruct the physico-geographical conditions of the past on the example of paleofauna korbonski sediments of the Eastern part of Mukry (Western spur Zhetysu (Dzhungar) Alatau). The relevance of studying this topic is due to the small study of paleofauna korbonski sediments of the study area, and the insufficient literature data on the problem. The main results on the study of brachiopods brachiopods-paleontological monument mountain Mukri

Oral agreement juridical technique at the stage of contract signing: features and composition

Objective: to analyze the oral contractual legal technique and its component tools, to identify the features of technical and legal tools used at the stage of negotiating a contract.Methods: the dialectical approach to cognition of the legal phenomenon, allowing to analyze it from the point of view of the general theory of law, knowledge of individual branches of law and humanities; formal legal method (analysis of doctrinal provisions and practice of contractual law application), analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, and other general scientific methods of cognition.Results: based on the analysis of theoretical and legal structures, legislation and practice of its application, conclusions are drawn about the existence of oral contractual legal technology and the criteria for distinguishing its legal tools from those of a non-legal nature. The legal tools of oral contractual legal techniques are expressed in the presence of specific rules for performing certain legally significant actions. These rules are characterized by: a) relative stability; b) direct focus on generating the main legal result: the emergence of rights and obligations in order to meet certain needs of the parties; c) dependence of the tools on the content of the contractual process stage. By the example of negotiating a contract as an important stage of the contractual process, one may regard good faith as the most significant rule in negotiations. The general model of signing a contract is also stable (sending a proposal to sign a contract, agreeing/disagreeing with the offer/agreeing to change the terms of the offer, sending a response to the offer, and signing the contract as a result). Negotiations can be organized in two ways: a) directly (based on the general provisions of Chapter 28 of the Russian Civil Code) and b) step-by-step (by signing an agreement on the procedure for conducting negotiations).Scientific novelty: oral contractual legal techniques rarely become the subject of scientific research. The proposed approach to the analysis of its tools is new for the Russian theory of legal technique.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article contribute to the development of the legal technique theory aimed at improving the methods of professional legal activity, including in the field of contract signing

SURFACE MORTHOLOGY AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SiO2/Si SYSTEM PRECIPITATED TIN

SiO2/Si samples were irradiated with 131Xe ions using an ion cyclotron accelerator DC-60 at Astana, Kazakhstan. We have reported results on SnO nanoclusters deposition into SiO2por/Si structures. Afterwards, nanoporous channels were fulfilled with Sn using chemical deposition techniques. Morphology of synthesized Si/SiO2/Sn system was investigated using scanning electron microscopy

From the animal house to the field : are there consistent individual differences in immunological profile in wild populations of field voles (Microtus agrestis)?

Inbred mouse strains, living in simple laboratory environments far removed from nature, have been shown to vary consistently in their immune response. However, wildlife populations are typically outbreeding and face a multiplicity of challenges, parasitological and otherwise. In this study we seek evidence of consistent difference in immunological profile amongst individuals in the wild. We apply a novel method in this context, using longitudinal (repeated capture) data from natural populations of field voles, Microtus agrestis, on a range of life history and infection metrics, and on gene expression levels. We focus on three immune genes, IFN-γ, Gata3, and IL-10, representing respectively the Th1, Th2 and regulatory elements of the immune response. Our results show that there was clear evidence of consistent differences between individuals in their typical level of expression of at least one immune gene, and at most all three immune genes, after other measured sources of variation had been taken into account. Furthermore, individuals that responded to changing circumstances by increasing expression levels of Gata3 had a correlated increase in expression levels of IFN-γ. Our work stresses the importance of acknowledging immunological variation amongst individuals in studies of parasitological and infectious disease risk in wildlife populations

Genetic variation and recombination of RdRp and HSP 70h genes of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from orange trees showing symptoms of citrus sudden death disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Citrus sudden death (CSD), a disease that rapidly kills orange trees, is an emerging threat to the Brazilian citrus industry. Although the causal agent of CSD has not been definitively determined, based on the disease's distribution and symptomatology it is suspected that the agent may be a new strain of <it>Citrus tristeza virus </it>(CTV). CTV genetic variation was therefore assessed in two Brazilian orange trees displaying CSD symptoms and a third with more conventional CTV symptoms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 286 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 284 heat shock protein 70 homolog (HSP70h) gene fragments were determined for CTV variants infecting the three trees. It was discovered that, despite differences in symptomatology, the trees were all apparently coinfected with similar populations of divergent CTV variants. While mixed CTV infections are common, the genetic distance between the most divergent population members observed (24.1% for RdRp and 11.0% for HSP70h) was far greater than that in previously described mixed infections. Recombinants of five distinct RdRp lineages and three distinct HSP70h lineages were easily detectable but respectively accounted for only 5.9 and 11.9% of the RdRp and HSP70h gene fragments analysed and there was no evidence of an association between particular recombinant mosaics and CSD. Also, comparisons of CTV population structures indicated that the two most similar CTV populations were those of one of the trees with CSD and the tree without CSD.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We suggest that if CTV is the causal agent of CSD, it is most likely a subtle feature of population structures within mixed infections and not merely the presence (or absence) of a single CTV variant within these populations that triggers the disease.</p

Tubule-Guided Cell-to-Cell Movement of a Plant Virus Requires Class XI Myosin Motors

Cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses occurs via plasmodesmata (PD), organelles that evolved to facilitate intercellular communications. Viral movement proteins (MP) modify PD to allow passage of the virus particles or nucleoproteins. This passage occurs via several distinct mechanisms one of which is MP-dependent formation of the tubules that traverse PD and provide a conduit for virion translocation. The MP of tubule-forming viruses including Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) recruit the plant PD receptors called Plasmodesmata Located Proteins (PDLP) to mediate tubule assembly and virus movement. Here we show that PDLP1 is transported to PD through a specific route within the secretory pathway in a myosin-dependent manner. This transport relies primarily on the class XI myosins XI-K and XI-2. Inactivation of these myosins using dominant negative inhibition results in mislocalization of PDLP and MP and suppression of GFLV movement. We also found that the proper targeting of specific markers of the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, PD, lipid raft subdomains within the plasma membrane, and the tonoplast was not affected by myosin XI-K inhibition. However, the normal tonoplast dynamics required myosin XI-K activity. These results reveal a new pathway of the myosin-dependent protein trafficking to PD that is hijacked by GFLV to promote tubule-guided transport of this virus between plant cells

Сетевая система контроля технологического процесса выращивания полупроводниковых кристаллов и тонких пленок

Экспериментальное моделирование аппаратно-программного обеспечения показало достаточную надежность работы системы и значительное уменьшение трудоемкости контроля и управления параметрами технологического процесса