Obtención de taninos a partir de la pepita de uva

En este trabajo se ha diseñado una planta piloto para la extracción de taninos a partir de pomada de uva (pepitas de uva, hollejos y tallos), con una capacidad de tratamiento de 18 kg/día de pomada, para obtener 6.7 kg/día de concentrado tánico del 14% en peso. La instalación consta de un extractor discontinuo de tanque agitado (50 L), una centrifuga de tazón tubular para separar el sólido agotado del extracto y una etapa final de concentración del licor tánico mediante membranas de ultrafiltración. El estudio se completa con un análisis de costes, un estudio del impacto medioambiental y aspectos básicos de seguridad de la planta. Palabras clave: Taninos, pepita de uva, extracción, ultrafiltración. This work provides the design of a pilot plant for the extraction of tannins from grape pomace (grape seeds, skins and stalks). The treatment capacity is 18 kg/day of grape pomace, in order to obtain 6.7 kg/day of concentrated tannic solution. The plant consists of a discontinuous stirred tank extractor (50 L), a tubular bowl centrifuge to separate the solid from the extract and a final step of concentration process by means of ultrafiltration membranes. The study is completed with a cost analysis, an environmental impact study and basic safety aspects of the plant. Key words: Tannins, grape seeds, extraction, ultrafiltration.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteGrado en Ingeniería Químic

Current professional standing of young medical oncologists in Spain : a nationwide survey by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section

There is a lack of knowledge about the career paths and employment situation of young medical oncologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the current professional standing of these professionals in Spain. The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section conducted a national online survey in May 2021 of young medical oncology consultants (< 6 years of expertise) and final year medical oncology residents. A total of 162 responses were eligible for analysis and included participants from 16 autonomous communities; 64% were women, 80% were consultants, and 20% were residents. More than half of the participants performed routine healthcare activity and only 7% research activity. Almost three quarters (73%) were subspecialized in a main area of interest and almost half of these chose this area because it was the only option available after residency. Half of the respondents (51%) considered working abroad and 81% believed the professional standing in Spain was worse than in other countries. After finishing their residency, only 22 were offered a job at their training hospital. Just 16% of participants had a permanent employment contract and 87% were concerned (score of ≥ 5 on a scale of 1-10) about their job stability. In addition, one quarter of the participants in our study showed an interest in increasing their research activity. The choice of subspecialty in medical oncology may depend on job opportunities after residency rather than personal interest. The abundance of temporary contracts may have influenced the job stability concerns observed. Future mentoring strategies should engage in building a long-term career path for young medical oncologists. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12094-022-02989-3

Relationship Between Baseline Prostate-specific Antigen on Cancer Detection and Prostate Cancer Death:Long-term Follow-up from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

Background: The European Association of Urology guidelines recommend a risk-based strategy for prostate cancer screening based on the first prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and age. Objective: To analyze the impact of the first PSA level on prostate cancer (PCa) detection and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM) in a population-based screening trial (repeat screening every 2–4 yr). Design, setting, and participants: We evaluated 25 589 men aged 55–59 yr, 16 898 men aged 60–64 yr, and 12 936 men aged 65–69 yr who attended at least one screening visit in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) trial (screening arm: repeat PSA testing every 2–4 yr and biopsy in cases with elevated PSA; control arm: no active screening offered) during 16-yr follow-up (FU). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: We assessed the actuarial probability for any PCa and for clinically significant (cs)PCa (Gleason ≥7). Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to assess whether the association between baseline PSA and PCSM was comparable for all age groups. A Lorenz curve was computed to assess the association between baseline PSA and PCSM for men aged 60–61 yr. Results and limitations: The overall actuarial probability at 16 yr ranged from 12% to 16% for any PCa and from 3.7% to 5.7% for csPCa across the age groups. The actuarial probability of csPCa at 16 yr ranged from 1.2–1.5% for men with PSA &lt;1.0 ng/ml to 13.3–13.8% for men with PSA ≥3.0 ng/ml. The association between baseline PSA and PCSM differed marginally among the three age groups. A Lorenz curve for men aged 60–61 yr showed that 92% of lethal PCa cases occurred among those with PSA above the median (1.21 ng/ml). In addition, for men initially screened at age 60–61 yr with baseline PSA &lt;2 ng/ml, further continuation of screening is unlikely to be beneficial after the age of 68–70 yr if PSA is still &lt;2 ng/ml. No case of PCSM emerged in the subsequent 8 yr (up to age 76–78 yr). A limitation is that these results may not be generalizable to an opportunistic screening setting or to contemporary clinical practice. Conclusions: In all age groups, baseline PSA can guide decisions on the repeat screening interval. Baseline PSA of &lt;1.0 ng/ml for men aged 55–69 yr is a strong indicator to delay or stop further screening. Patient summary: In prostate cancer screening, the patient's baseline PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level can be used to guide decisions on when to repeat screening. The PSA test when used according to current knowledge is valuable in helping to reduce the burden of prostate cancer.</p

Intervention-related Deaths in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer

Background: Identification of intervention-related deaths is important for an accurate assessment of the ratio of benefit to harm in screening trials. Objective: To investigate intervention-related deaths by study arm in the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening (ERSPC). Design, setting, and participants: ERSPC is a multicenter trial initiated in the 1990s to investigate whether screening on the basis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can decrease prostate cancer mortality. The present study included men in the core age group (55–69 yr: screening group n = 112 553, control group n = 128 681) with 16-yr follow-up. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Causes of death among men with prostate cancer in ERSPC were predominantly evaluated by independent national committees via review of medical records according to a predefined algorithm. Intervention-related deaths were defined as deaths caused by complications during the screening procedure, treatment, or follow-up. Descriptive statistics were used for the results. Results and limitations: In total, 34 deaths were determined to be intervention-related, of which 21 were in the screening arm and 13 in the control arm. The overall risk of intervention-related death was 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.99–1.99) per 10 000 randomized men for both arms combined and varied among centers from 0 to 7.0 per 10 000 randomized men. A limitation of this study is that differences in procedures among centers decreased the comparability of the results. Conclusions: Intervention-related deaths were rare in ERSPC. Monitoring of intervention-related deaths in screening trials is important for assessment of harms. Patient summary: We investigated deaths due to screening or treatment to assess harm in a trial of prostate cancer screening. Few such deaths were identified.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

A C19MC-LIN28A-MYCN Oncogenic Circuit Driven by Hijacked Super-enhancers Is a Distinct Therapeutic Vulnerability in ETMRs: A Lethal Brain Tumor

© 2019 Elsevier Inc. Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs) are highly lethal infant brain cancers with characteristic amplification of Chr19q13.41 miRNA cluster (C19MC) and enrichment of pluripotency factor LIN28A. Here we investigated C19MC oncogenic mechanisms and discovered a C19MC-LIN28A-MYCN circuit fueled by multiple complex regulatory loops including an MYCN core transcriptional network and super-enhancers resulting from long-range MYCN DNA interactions and C19MC gene fusions. Our data show that this powerful oncogenic circuit, which entraps an early neural lineage network, is potently abrogated by bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, leading to ETMR cell death. Sin-Chan et al. uncover a C19MC-LIN28A-MYCN super-enhancer-dependent oncogenic circuit in embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs). The circuit entraps an early neural lineage network to sustain embryonic epigenetic programming and is vulnerable to bromodomain inhibition, which promotes ETMR cell death

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Why Did Ethnography Cross the Border?

Abstract: &nbsp;Where is qualitative research headed? Why is ethnography so fundamental? This paper presents an examination of literature, primarily inspired by the work of Denzin and Lincoln (2018), by developing a narrative of the contemporary. The interweaving of multiple research paradigms, the advancement of the bricolage, the coalition of dynamic worldviews suggest a trans, inter, cross, multi, pluri- disciplinary landscape infused with re-imagined, re-purposed, and re-functioned ethnographic stances in social research. The present-future possibilities across the blurring borders of the contemporary become an invitation for researchers to read and narrate the human world and experiences as ever-changing, infinitely complex relational structures. Ultimately, an invitation to create transformative and humanizing utopic aesthetics.&nbsp

Coping resources in the face of a love breakup in high performance soccer players

El objetivo del estudio fue describir los recursos de afrontamiento frente a una ruptura amorosa que utilizan los futbolistas de alto rendimiento. Para tal fin, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo con 7 futbolistas de alto rendimiento que residen en la ciudad de Lima, cuyas edades oscilaban entre los 19 y 29 años. Los principales resultados revelan que existen causas, consecuencias, y una experiencia emocional por la que pasan los futbolistas, en la que emplean distintos recursos. Entre estos, destacan los recursos psicológicos, como enfocarse en las propias metas cuando estaban tristes; los estructurales, como la forma de adoptar la situación; los sociales, como los amigos y la familia; los fisiológicos, como el carácter y la propia motivación; y los culturales, como las creencias que se pueden tener acerca de las rupturas o relaciones. Se concluye que estos recursos de afrontamientos son empleados de manera simultánea para afrontar la ruptura y el futbolista utilizará aquellos que tiene al alcance.The objective of the study was to describe the coping resources used by high-performance soccer players in the face of a romantic breakup. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out with 7 high performance soccer players residing in the city of Lima, whose ages ranged from 19 to 29 years old. The main results reveal that there are causes, consequences, and an emotional experience that soccer players go through, in which they use different resources. Among these, psychological resources stand out, such as focusing on one's goals when sad; structural resources, such as the way of adopting the situation; social resources, such as friends and family; physiological resources, such as character and self-motivation; and cultural resources, such as beliefs one may have about breakups or relationships. It is concluded that these coping resources are employed simultaneously to cope with the breakup and the player will use those available to him.Tesi