Researchers’ opinions about ethically sound dissemination of BCI research to the public media

BCI research and (future) applications raise ethical questions. A websurvey among 144 BCI researchers identified disseminating BCI research to the public media as a central topic. Most researchers felt that BCI scientists must responsibly communicate with the media and that general ethical guidelines on BCI research and application are needed within the next 5 years. We recommend further debate on ethical aspects related to BCI and the development of guidelines

Measurement of the Atmospheric Muon Spectrum from 20 to 3000 GeV

The absolute muon flux between 20 GeV and 3000 GeV is measured with the L3 magnetic muon spectrometer for zenith angles ranging from 0 degree to 58 degree. Due to the large exposure of about 150 m2 sr d, and the excellent momentum resolution of the L3 muon chambers, a precision of 2.3 % at 150 GeV in the vertical direction is achieved. The ratio of positive to negative muons is studied between 20 GeV and 500 GeV, and the average vertical muon charge ratio is found to be 1.285 +- 0.003 (stat.) +- 0.019 (syst.).Comment: Total 32 pages, 9Figure

Measurement of prompt hadron production ratios in pppp collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 0.9 and 7 TeV

The charged-particle production ratios $\bar{p}/p$, $K^-/K^+$, $\pi^-/\pi^+$, $(p + \bar{p})/(\pi^+ + \pi^-)$, $(K^+ + K^-)/(\pi^+ + \pi^-)$ and $(p + \bar{p})/(K^+ + K^-)$ are measured with the LHCb detector using $0.3 {\rm nb^{-1}}$ of $pp$ collisions delivered by the LHC at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ TeV and $1.8 {\rm nb^{-1}}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ and pseudorapidity $\eta$. The production ratios are compared to the predictions of several Monte Carlo generator settings, none of which are able to describe adequately all observables. The ratio $\bar{p}/p$ is also considered as a function of rapidity loss, $\Delta y \equiv y_{\rm beam} - y$, and is used to constrain models of baryon transport.Comment: Incorrect entries in Table 2 corrected. No consequences for rest of pape

Brain-computer interface research: A state-of-the-art summary 9 [Introduction]

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems can provide communication and control without any physical movement. The BCI Research Awards are annual events to select the best BCI projects that year. Groups from around the world submit projects that are scored by a jury of international experts that selects twelve nominees and three winners. We also produce books like this one that review that year’s nominees, awards ceremony, and winners. This introductory chapter briefly reviews BCIs and the 2019 awards process, including the jury, selection criteria, and nominees. We mention many chapters that might engage readers with different interests, including chapters with project descriptions or interviews with nominees. Many of the chapters here describe new approaches to BCIs that could be useful to patients and/or mainstream users. The final chapter of this book reviews the Awards Ceremony, announces the winners, and presents concluding comments

Recent advances in brain-computer interface research: A summary of the 2019 BCI Award and online BCI research activities

The introduction chapter of this book described the BCI Research Awards, selection criteria, nominees, and jury. Developing a good submission for a BCI Research Award is a formidable goal, and being nominated is even more demanding. This book has presented thirteen chapters by the authors of projects nominated for a BCI Research Award in 2019. Some of these chapters detailed the projects that were nominated, while other chapters comprised interviews with nominees. In this chapter, we review the 2019 BCI Research Awards Ceremony and present the winners. We also discuss emerging directions such as online BCI-related activities that have become much more prominent during 2020 due to COVID concerns

Brain-computer interface research: A state-of-the-art summary 9

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A hybrid ERD/SSVEP BCI for continuous simultaneous two dimensional cursor control

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A preliminary survey on the perception of marketability of brain-computer interfaces and initial development of a repository of BCI companies

Item does not contain fulltextThe marketability of BCI applications may greatly influence the decisions of goverments, the industry and academia. In this paper we first explored with a survey when respondents (N = 145), who were present at the 4th International BCI Meeting, expect that different BCI applications will become commercially available. Second, we surveyed how well existing BCI companies are known to respondents. Third, we compared the findings with our own preliminary overview of the marketability of BCIs and our repository of 28 companies. Respondents were optimistic about the marketability of BCIs for healthy users and users who need assistive technology (AT), but 72.4% of the respondents was unaware that companies already exist which market BCI's. Based on a preliminary market overview we cautiously suggest that optimism in relation to applications for healthy users is more appropriate than in relation to BCI-based AT. In future we plan surveys among a broader range of stakeholders and more profound analyses of the market